This really won't work. I used to teach in class, but my voice couldn't stand it. Now I work on the computer and mobile phone every day and find that my eyes can't stand it. Sitting for a long time has deformed my body. This state must change.
? Today I learned Professor Zhu Yongxin's article "Where does a good education begin?" I have gained a lot, once again; Listen to President Yuan's article at the scene before revision. The road to learning is really long, and it is very important to find the right direction.
On February 5th, 2020, the 16th China Youth Life Education Forum hosted by China Soong Ching Ling Foundation was held in Shenzhen. The theme of this forum is "Life Education and Children's Growth". Zhu Yongxin, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Deputy Secretary-General and Vice Chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, delivered a keynote speech on "Life Education, Let Every Child Grow Happy" through video at the opening ceremony. This article is excerpted from the report.
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Education returns to common sense, starting with looking after children?
We know that children have been neglected for a long time. In the records of human history, we are invisible to children.
The earliest children's charter was the Charter of the Rights of the Child drafted by 1923. The Declaration on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly from 65438 to 0959. In other words, in the middle of last century, we recognized children, recognized children as an independent person and recognized children's rights.
It was in the1980s that children's rights were truly recognized in the legal sense. 1989165438+1On October 20th, the 44th UN General Assembly formally adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the form of resolution 25. Nearly 200 countries have acceded to this convention. China was officially approved by the National People's Congress in June 2002 and became a party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Paying attention to children is a symbol of the progress of a society and a country's civilization. Children are the future of the country and the future of the world.
From 65438 to 0996, the United Nations Children's Fund and UN-Habitat jointly formulated the International Child Friendly City Plan. Their child-friendly content mainly includes three aspects: one is to protect children's rights, the other is to meet children's needs, and the third is to ensure children's participation.
Why pay attention to children, why give priority to children, and why be friendly to children? I think there are at least four reasons:
First of all, for a society with a majority of adults, children are a vulnerable group. All the rules of this society are made by adults, and all the standards are decided by adults. In most cases, children have no right to speak, vote and decide. Children's opinions are often not approved, and it is difficult for children to make their own voices. Children can only have their own corresponding rights as citizens after 18 years old.
Second, the happiness of childhood life affects a person's life. What kind of people children will become today plays a decisive role in how they spend their childhood. Montessori, an Italian child educator, said: "Everyone cares about children's future, but no one cares about children's present." "The happiness of an adult is closely related to his childhood." Austrian psychologist Adler said, "Lucky people are cured by childhood all their lives, while unfortunate people are cured by childhood all their lives". Suhomlinski also has a quip, "Childhood is the most important period of life, it is not the preparation period of future life. Childhood is a truly wonderful, unique, unavoidable and unrepeatable life. " Almost all people of insight realize that the happiness of an adult is closely related to his childhood happiness.
However, we often sacrifice our children's present happiness in the name of their future happiness. In fact, we know that the past, the present and the future are a long river, and the concern for children now is the concern for children's life. Now psychological science has found that almost all the problems of an adult can be found in his childhood life, and the roots can be found in his childhood life experience. So the influence of childhood on a person is really important.
Third, the length of childhood reflects the height of a country. The degree to which a country attaches importance to children largely reflects the degree of civilization of this country. A child is an uncut and unpolluted individual. Although it is not mature enough, it is precious. Children retain the most precious qualities of human beings.
The first quality is curiosity. When a child comes into this world, everything is unknown to him. He is full of curiosity about everything in the world. He wants to explore, and he wants to know that curiosity and questioning are the keys to the world.
The second quality is purity and innocence. Children are innocent, without the intrigue and intrigue of our adult world, without all kinds of falsehood, cunning and ugliness. In life, if we say that a person is innocent and innocent, it often shows that he has childlike innocence. This is naturally precious.
The third quality is carefree. Children have basically no resistance to the world. He doesn't have to worry about anything, he doesn't have to worry about tomorrow, he doesn't have to worry about necessities, he doesn't have to worry about anything, he just needs to cry almost to meet his needs, so the child is happy. If a person always worries, he is not a child. He has the pain of the adult world. In fact, the child really has no pain, or his pain is instantaneous. When his physical and other needs are not met, he will show temporary pain.
The fourth quality is lively and active. This is closely related to curiosity. If he wants to explore the world constantly, he needs activities, through his hands, through his legs, through his limbs and other ways. He wants to release his energy. If you let a child sit still and listen to the teacher with his hands behind his back, then you don't treat him as a child. Therefore, it is a child's nature to be lively and active, so you should play with him, run with him and let him go into nature.
The fifth quality is not afraid of authority. The adult world has roles, superiors and subordinates, the relationship between leaders and being led, and authority. In children's world, there is no authority, no size, no complete equality. So when a child argues with you, discusses with you and insists with you, you should not think that he is too stubborn, but because he doesn't regard you as an authority at all. By the time he discovered and realized authority, he was not completely a child.
These five qualities can basically outline the basic appearance of a child. We can see that these five basic characteristics of children are precisely the five most precious qualities of human beings. Whether you dare to explore, be sincere to others, be optimistic and cheerful, be willing to act, be brave and firm in adulthood has a lot to do with whether these qualities are cared for in childhood. With the growth of people and the standards given to us by the life world, our childlike innocence will disappear and be cut off, and gradually it will no longer be a child. Therefore, if a person can always make everyone feel that he has childhood innocence, childhood innocence and childhood curiosity, it will be great. Children's own quality deserves our careful care. We should cherish these precious qualities of children, let them have a real childhood, and let adults have a real childlike innocence. Let the length of children's childhood continue to be extended, and let the adults now be more childlike, so as to reflect the height of this country.
The above views were my speech at the China Children's Development Forum last year. I want to reiterate here that education should return to common sense. First of all, we should start from seeing the children and let them stand in the center of the stage.
Seeing children and letting them stand in the center of the stage is not only an educational concept, but also a tangible action. There is such a real educational clip-"Why do flowers bloom?" One day, the kindergarten teacher asked the children in front of her like this. The first child said, "She's awake. She wants to see the sun. " The second child said, "As soon as she stretched out, she opened the flower bone!" " "The third child said," She wants to compare with the children to see who is best dressed. " The fourth child said, "she wants to see if the children will take it away." The fifth child said, "She also has ears." She wants to hear the children sing. Suddenly, the sixth child asked the teacher, "What do you say, teacher?" "The teacher thought for a moment and said," Hua is very sensible. Knowing that all the children like her, she raised her little face and smiled! ""Hearing this, the children all looked at the teacher and smiled. That smiling face is more beautiful than flowers. Only the teacher knows that her original answer is: "Flowers bloom because spring has come."
The enlightenment of this real teaching clip is far-reaching. What a sharp contrast between the imaginative, creative and emotional sentences of children and the boring and unchanging answers prepared by teachers! Classroom teaching is to protect this positive pursuit of the opposite sex and let students think about problems in many aspects, angles, starting points, levels, principles and results; It is to cultivate the sensitivity of this insight, so that students can constantly connect the observed things with the assumed relationship, similarity, particularity and repeatability between existing knowledge or things, and compare them to obtain discoveries; It is to cherish the richness of this imagination and let students expose their perceptual knowledge with subjective speculation, even if it is false or wrong; It is to stimulate the activity of this inspiration, make students' learning excitement selective and universal, and strengthen the sudden connection of nerves. In short, it is to stimulate students' innovative consciousness. And all this requires teachers to have such an idea: let the children stand in the center of the stage.
Of course, let children stand in the center of the stage, not only in the classroom, at home, at school, in society, in all areas of life where children grow up.
02
The happy growth of children begins with life education.
"What kind of education can best develop children and what kind of education can make children grow up happily?" This epidemic may give us the answer.
After the outbreak, I immediately appealed: "It is important to stop studying, but it is more important to keep the bottom line of education and pay attention to the essence of education. As an educator, it is more important to stick to the foundation of education and reflect on the purpose of education. What should we use to educate our children in the face of disasters? Can we use epidemic disasters as teaching materials, turn crises into opportunities and really reconstruct our education? In the face of such an epidemic, in addition to teaching children how to do personal protection and develop good personal hygiene habits, what ideas and cognition should we convey?
The persistence of front-line medical staff, the selfless dedication of staff on all fronts, and the spirit of unity in which one party has difficulties and support from all sides are concentrated in the prevention and control of epidemic situation. Touching scenes can also be transformed into nutrients in the classroom, so that children and even the whole society can think together: what are the "actions" and "should" of individuals, collectives, governments and even the whole society in the face of life? Today's children are future experts, medical personnel, civil servants, enterprise employees and other social members. How different social roles should treat life and how to understand responsibility all involve life education.
It should be said that life and education are inherently integrated, and education is originally prepared for life. The mission of education is to help a person's life change from a natural person to a social person, at the same time expand the length, width and height of a person's life and help every life become a better self.
Education should take life as the origin, return to the noumenon of life, examine the essence of life inward and let life return to its own value; Expand the field of education and build a spiritual home of life.
Sometimes, our education lacks necessary attention to life itself. Today's society is a world dominated by scientific and technological rationality. Nowadays, education often pays attention to the cultivation of students' cognitive ability, and teaches students the knowledge and skills of "how to make a living". Students often become containers for accepting knowledge, thus only seeing knowledge but not life. The epidemic also exposed the lack of life education. The life of our children and the physical and mental health of teachers and students in our school are facing a crisis. Although these problems have cultural factors and social reasons, the lack of attention to life in education is undoubtedly one of the important reasons.
Therefore, when studying the future curriculum, our new education has specially developed a new life education curriculum with the core idea of "expanding the length, width and height of life".
We propose that life education should first pay attention to natural life, because this is the length of life and the human body is the material basis of life. We believe that safety and health are the natural attributes of life and the cornerstone of life development. No matter lack of preservation or health, there can be no sustainable development of life.
Therefore, we advocate that school education should teach children knowledge and skills about safety, so that they can understand common sense such as family safety, campus safety, social safety, game safety, sports safety, traffic safety and venue safety, and prevent and deal with accidents such as campus violence and infectious diseases. Let teachers and students know that learning to save people is always the first choice. This is also the common practice of life education in the world. Because the simplest factual logic is that only by preserving life can other meanings of life be extended.
We also advocate paying attention to the physical health, mental health and gender health of teachers and students, so that students can understand the basic knowledge and skills about nutrition, exercise and treatment, and master the methods of emotional management, environmental adaptation and stress relief. Everyone's life is very limited, it is only a tiny link in the chain of human life. But human life is made up of countless tiny links. The length of each link affects the whole. Education should extend everyone's life length through the efforts of individual natural life in safety and health, so as to increase the length of human life chain from the perspective of social sustainable development and the intergenerational perspective of the whole human life.
This epidemic also reminds us that education should pay more attention to students' safety and health: learn to wash hands frequently, know when to wear masks, know how to respect nature and life, learn to avoid risks and protect themselves in emergencies, and develop good habits such as scientific diet, exercise and reasonable work and rest. If these things are done well, the material foundation of life will be laid solid. What should we do in case of disasters and epidemics? How to protect yourself and help others? This must also be strengthened in education.
Recently, CCTV reported that in June165438+1October 19, a sea ferry carrying 52 primary school students sank after hitting the rocks in Japan. Surprisingly, there were no casualties in this shipwreck, and all the children were successfully rescued ashore! The reason why these children are so calm and brave in the face of sudden disasters is inseparable from the education they received from childhood. The school taught the children the most important lesson: how to protect themselves in the face of different disasters!
At the same time, life education should pay attention to social life, which is the width of life. Besides safety and health, our education should be based on the social attribute of life. Living in society, each of us should deal with others, learn to understand, tolerate and respect others, and become a popular person. Therefore, we should also guide students to love life and be familiar with the rules of getting along with others with an open international vision; Recognize the significance and value of the existence of individual life and the existence of others to their own lives; Learn to live in harmony among people, care for each other, cooperate with each other, respect each other and be good at communication; Sympathize with the weak, actively face interpersonal conflicts and establish a sense of tolerance; Respect the differences between people and develop healthy interpersonal relationships. Have personalized positive strength, including optimism, competence, self-esteem, interpersonal support, etc.
During the epidemic, we saw many warm stories that one party needed support from all sides, and one family needed help from all sides, and saw the selfless love of many doctors and nurses. These are all examples that we should learn. How can we help children know how to be grateful, know how to be kind, know how to respect, and have good social feelings? This is what we should do when expanding the width of life education.
Of course, life education should pay attention to people's spiritual life, which is the height of life. Our education should be based on the spiritual attributes of life, guide students to constantly experience and reflect on life, appreciate and love the lives of themselves and others, cherish the existence of life, look forward to the beauty of life, realize the meaning of life, and benefit others and nature with this kind of care and love for life and humanistic care.
Man is a symbolic animal. He should have values and beliefs and live a spiritual life. The greatest wisdom and thoughts of mankind are in the greatest works. How to improve our spiritual realm through reading? In the face of epidemics and disasters, can we stand up and speak for the interests of the public and dare to be responsible for the people? Dr Li Wenliang and Academician Zhong Nanshan in the epidemic. , are the embodiment of such a spirit and belief.
Therefore, I said that the happy growth of children should start with life education. I once put forward "life education, let education go home", in fact, it is to "let life go home to education", and regard life education as the most fundamental starting point and the greatest knowledge of our education. ?
03
Facing the future, let's build our destiny with our children.
Life is the most magical creation of nature, and every life is a miraculous existence. Life is precious because of its uniqueness. There are no two identical leaves in the world, let alone two identical lives. The ideal destination of every life is to grow into the best self, and every life is irreplaceable. Life develops actively because of autonomy. Human life has a strong autonomy, which embodies the unique characteristics of self-awareness, self-action and creation. Everyone is the master of his own life, the creator and shaper of his own life. Life is happy and complete because of transcendence. Only when people realize the value of life and live wonderfully can they feel happiness. Only by exerting the potential of life and publicizing the personality of life can people be complete. In the process of self-transcendence, life is constantly moving towards happiness and integrity. Let life return to the home of education and let children stand in the center of the stage. In my opinion, this is really an urgent need for "life education and children's growth".
Focusing on the theme of "life education and children's growth" in this forum, from the perspective of human beings in the future, I think that to promote and realize the unity of human destiny, we should start with the establishment of the unity of destiny with children.
Children are the masters of the future world and the fate of mankind. It can be said that what kind of children there are, what kind of world and future there will be. Montessori said, "Our mistakes will fall on children, leaving indelible marks on them, and we will die, but our children will bear the consequences of our mistakes, and any impact on children will affect human beings, because one's education is completed in a sensitive and secret period." Paying attention to the growth of children means paying attention to the fate of mankind; Being friendly to children will make mankind better and make tomorrow better.
We used to be children, and children will always be us. Only by recognizing that every life and every child is closely related to our destiny and our future can we truly move towards the unity of human destiny. Let's hold each child's hand, let no child fall behind, and build a happy and complete educational life with children.