0 1/ Look at the color
A. The color is normal: drink plenty of water, normal fresh urine, it's time to drink water. B. abnormal color:
1, red?
Excluding drugs, food, menstrual period and other factors, it can be seen in old hematuria, severe nephropathy, hematuria visible to the naked eye, which may suggest urinary tract diseases, intravascular hemolytic infection, stones, tumors and so on.
2. strong tea color?
It may be that you drink too little water and your body is seriously dehydrated, or it may indicate liver or gallbladder disease. One of the symptoms of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and gallstones is that the urine is strong tea green.
3. milky white?
Urine, like rice washing water, is medically called milk, chyluria or pyuria. It may be due to renal tuberculosis, pyonephrosis or urinary tract infection caused by obstruction or foreign bodies, or it may be due to obstruction or rupture of lymphatic vessels.
4. Black
Very rare, can be seen in melanoma, phenol poisoning and so on.
5. Soy sauce color
It can be seen in old hematuria, severe nephropathy and intravascular hemolysis.
going green and environmental protection
Relatively rare, generally due to the use of: malarin, indigo, or a large number of indomethacin, excluding the above drugs, then we must consider the breeding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urine.
7. Blue
Relatively rare, more common in taking; After diuretics, indigo carmine, a large number of salicylic acid and other drugs, the probability of returning to normal after stopping the drug is average. However, if you have no medication experience, but blue urine appears, it may be caused by urinary tract infection or some diseases. Such as cholera, typhus, primary hypercalcemia, vitamin D poisoning, typhoid and other diseases, will cause cyanosis.
02/ Look at this role
A. Normal form: transparent and clear without precipitation. B. Abnormal features: tiny bubbles that do not disperse for a long time appear in urine.
If bubbles of different sizes occasionally appear, it is generally not a big problem, but if it is as small and dense as beer foam and lasts for a long time after standing, it is foam urine. This phenomenon occurs in urine because protein can't be well filtered and absorbed, so that there is a trace of protein in urine, so it is also called proteinuria. Proteinuria is one of the common clinical symptoms of kidney diseases such as nephritis.
03/ Smell
A. normal smell: slightly fragrant and unique, not pungent.
Normal fresh urine has a slight ammonia smell, which should be a unique faint fragrance. After a long time, the smell of ammonia becomes strong, which will be very coquettish.
B. Odor: 1, rotten apple smell 2, pungent ammonia smell (fresh urine has obvious fishy smell), suggesting that it may be diabetic ketosis, which may be caused by cystitis and urinary retention. ?
3, garlic smell 4, rancid smell?
It could be organophosphorus poisoning. Beware of bacterial infection.
04/ Look at the urine volume
A. Normal urine output: 1000-2000ML per day. Urine at night is less than during the day.
But the amount of urine is also changeable. When the weather is hot and sweaty, urine will decrease. If you drink too much water, you will naturally go to the toilet frequently. After excluding the factors such as the amount of water we drink, the climate is hot and cold, and the amount of sweating, the amount of urine will increase or decrease, which may indicate kidney disease.
B. abnormal urine volume: total urine volume >; 2500ml/day
After excluding factors such as excessive drinking water, we should consider whether there are diabetes, diabetes insipidus, chronic nephritis and renal tubular dysfunction. Total urine volume
After the discharged drinking water is too little, we should consider whether it is dehydration, acute glomerulonephritis or acute renal insufficiency. Total urine volume
It can be seen in the oliguria stage of acute renal failure and uremia stage of renal failure. , need to be highly concerned.
05/ Frequency: a. Normal frequency: 5-6 times a day. B. Abnormal frequency: 24 hours > 8 times/night > 2 times,
Urine volume per time
06/ Abnormal performance
In addition to abnormal urine, these abnormal manifestations of the body often suggest that the kidney has changed, so please pay attention to it.
oedema
The typical edema of kidney disease is the edema of eyes and face, and the sunken edema of both lower limbs. Press your finger for 5 seconds and a small pit will appear.
Suffer from insomnia
When the kidney is not properly filtered, toxins will stay in the blood instead of being excreted through urine, making it difficult for people to fall asleep. Compared with the general population, sleep apnea syndrome is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease.
hypertension
Especially young people, if blood pressure rises for unknown reasons, be alert to kidney disease. Some young patients with chronic kidney disease or uremia often have very high blood pressure, but they don't feel too uncomfortable.
General weakness and anemia
Patients with moderate or above chronic renal insufficiency often have anemia, fatigue and dizziness. , often caused by renal insufficiency, resulting in decreased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidney.
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
All uremic patients will have these symptoms. At present, the specific mechanism is not clear, and the accumulation of toxins caused by the decline of renal function may be one of the reasons.