Safety accidents have become the first cause of death for children under 14.
On average, more than 40 primary and middle school students die every day due to safety accidents, food poisoning, drowning and suicide. That is to say, almost every day, a class of students is "disappearing".
Campus safety involves more than 20 kinds of hidden dangers in teenagers' life and study: food poisoning, sports injury, online friend-making safety, traffic accidents, fire hazards, drowning, drug hazards, sexual assault, AIDS and so on.
Some experts pointed out that 80% of accidental injuries can be avoided by improving the self-protection ability of primary and secondary school students through safety education.
Xiao Ming is an outstanding student in a key middle school in a province. On the way to school, a teenager was thrown out of the world by an oncoming truck for more than ten meters. In recent years, traffic accidents like Xiao Ming have been increasing in primary and secondary schools, and have become a big killer of primary and secondary school students. Accidents such as traffic accidents, food poisoning, dangerous house collapse, drowning and cyber crimes have brought too many tragedies to campus and young students:
In 2003, nearly 3,000 students in Haicheng, Liaoning Province were collectively poisoned by drinking soybean milk.
In 2003, shocking explosions occurred in campus restaurants in Peking University and Tsinghua University.
A city organized a group of students to take part in the physical education test. Because the car was seriously overloaded, it caused a car accident, and most of the children who fell down the mountain failed to survive.
At the morning meeting of a school in a certain province, thousands of students jostled on the stairs. Unfortunately, 28 children were crushed to death and 59 were injured. ......
Campus accidents occur frequently.
It is understood that about10.6 million primary and secondary school students die abnormally every year in China: in 2000, more than 40 primary and secondary school students died of safety accidents, food poisoning, drowning and suicide. That is to say, a class of students "disappears" every day.
According to the large-scale national survey conducted by China Youth Research Center in 20001-2002, safety accidents have become the first cause of death for children under 14.
A survey of more than 43,000 middle school students in 1 1 city shows that the incidence of non-fatal safety accidents is 24. 1%, of which 1.64% is caused by physical injury and 1.0 1% is permanent.
Campus safety involves more than 20 hidden dangers in teenagers' life and study, including food poisoning, sports injuries, online dating safety, traffic accidents, fire hazards, drowning, drug hazards, sexual assault, AIDS and so on. These moments threaten the healthy growth of teenagers.
A survey on the safety of primary and middle school students conducted by the Organizing Committee of "China Children's Safety Action" sponsored by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Committee for Children and Adolescents in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shaanxi and other 10 provinces and cities shows that the places where parents are most worried about children's injuries are: schools account for 5 1.44%, public places account for 36.32%, and public places account for 36.32%.
Many factors lead to accidental injuries.
In recent years, accidental injuries of primary and secondary school students inside and outside the campus have occurred continuously, and the media exposure rate has been continuously improved. This is not only because the education administrative departments and school leaders in some areas have insufficient understanding of the importance of this work, the work management is not in place, the management level is low, and the responsibilities are not implemented, but also because of poor infrastructure and conditions, which has caused many hidden dangers. In addition to the above reasons, the factors causing safety accidents are worth pondering. Take the Haicheng soybean milk incident as an example: schools and even education departments took "kickbacks" for their own interests and introduced soybean milk to students from non-designated units, resulting in collective poisoning of nearly 3,000 students. Interest plays a decisive role here. It should be said that the school is no longer a pure land under the tide of socialist market economy, and many bad habits in society are also spreading in the school.
New crimes, such as cyber crime, drug abuse and AIDS, are also approaching teenagers. At present, a large number of teenagers have gradually become the protagonists of drug abuse, AIDS, "hacking" and other crimes, and new crimes have pushed teenagers to the forefront of crime.
Children are the most vulnerable group because they lack the ability to protect themselves. Relatively speaking, they stay in school for a long time. If the school turns a blind eye to the security risks, there are many management loopholes, which will inevitably cause security problems. So, how can parents not worry about their children's safety?
Accidental injuries make it difficult to promote quality education.
This happened in Nanlou Middle School, a well-known traditional sports school in Tianjin: in a class in physical education class, students were divided into two groups, one was shot put test class, and the other was volleyball training class. During practice, the volleyball suddenly flew to the shot put area, and a student rushed to pick up the ball, only to be hit by the shot put in the brain. Fortunately, the rescue was timely, and the students were out of danger, leaving no sequelae. However, this incident has had an extremely adverse impact on the school. Coupled with the media hype, the school is now in a state of panic.
Zhao, vice president of the school, said in an interview that campus safety is the most concerned thing for principals. Once something goes wrong, people's lives will stop. Therefore, we put special emphasis on security issues. At present, some physical education teachers in the school have cut off the teaching content of some "dangerous" projects, and the relevant departments are also "turning a blind eye".
Xiao Jinru, principal of Hounancang Primary School in Tongzhou District, Beijing, said frankly that principals now spend more than half of their time and energy on campus safety, for fear of accidents, and whenever they have time, they will look around to investigate hidden dangers of accidents. President Xiao believes that campus safety cannot be overemphasized. Combined with the school's practice for many years, President Xiao pointed out that safety education should "start with dolls" and strengthen this education when children are young, so that they can form good habits from childhood.
The sharp increase of student safety accidents not only caused irreparable harm to families, but also brought unavoidable problems to school work. According to the person in charge of Ningbo Education Bureau, school safety accidents have become a prominent problem that puzzles education administrative departments and schools to concentrate on accelerating education reform. According to the materials provided by the bureau, in the past two years, 90 and 87 primary and secondary school students died abnormally in this city respectively.
The deputy director of a provincial education department said at a meeting that some schools need to sign a letter of guarantee to organize outings and other activities, and whoever signs it is responsible for the accident, so no one dares to organize such activities. So, how to promote quality education? Facing the reality, the deputy director of the Education Department is worried.
Just don't have an accident; Don't look for a school if you have something; Who is responsible for the accident! At present, many schools have the phenomenon of "abandoning food because of choking" in many disciplines. As the saying goes, "Safety first, keep it in mind and forget quality education".
Safety education keeps children away from harm.
This happened in a rural school: a primary school student met a carriage on the bridge, and the primary school students who didn't know how to avoid it were in a hurry to jump off the bridge, and the result was swept away by the rushing river. Accidents that shouldn't happen like this often happen on campus.
Sun Yunxiao, a researcher at China Youth Research Center, believes that 80% of accidental injuries can be avoided. He pointed out that an important reason for the tragedy is that our teenagers lack safety and defense knowledge and their self-protection ability is weak, so the situation of safety education for children is quite urgent.
Over the years, the Ministry of Education has issued many documents and notices, and repeatedly requested to strengthen campus security. It can be said that we attach great importance to campus safety and safety education. Not long ago, Minister of Education Zhou Ji pointed out at the school safety work conference that the situation faced by school safety work is not optimistic.
In order to eliminate the hidden dangers of campus safety, the Ministry of Education has put safety education in the focus of work in 2004, and clearly put forward that safety education should be included in the normal education and teaching content of schools, so as to cultivate students' safety awareness in an all-round way and improve their comprehensive quality. Strengthening safety education, establishing safety awareness and cultivating students' self-help ability and problem-solving ability in emergency are not only the needs of school safety work, but also the basic requirements for improving students' comprehensive quality in an all-round way. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires that safety education should be included in the normal education and teaching content of schools through the adjustment of teaching plans, and all localities and schools should formulate implementation plans as soon as possible according to the actual situation.
In fact, since 1996, China has established a national safety education day system for primary and secondary school students, and the last week of March every year must be the national safety education day for primary and secondary school students; In 200 1 year, China also released the TV educational film "Walking with Safety"; This year, China Education Press and other units jointly produced and distributed the first youth safety education film "Caring for Tomorrow" in China; Many places have carried out a variety of safety education activities in the form of theme class meetings, wall newspapers and small broadcasts. All these have played a positive role in promoting primary and secondary school students to avoid accidental injuries.
At the beginning of the new semester in 2004, Qingdao strengthened the work of school fire safety, food safety, personal safety of teachers and students, and property safety. And clearly put forward that all primary and secondary schools in the city should create a "safe campus" to keep the campus quiet and the children safe.
The "Safe Campus" campaign launched in our city will launch a series of measures against unsafe factors such as school buildings, fire fighting, transportation, food, infectious diseases and public security that threaten children's safety in recent years. First, quickly unite the public security, traffic police, urban management, epidemic prevention and other departments to conduct a net-pulling safety inspection of schools in the city to ensure the safety of the campus and surrounding areas. The second is to warn and remind parents to strengthen safety education for students and children. Third, according to the physical and mental characteristics of students and children, let students and children educate themselves by finding out the hidden dangers around them. The fourth is to further improve the four major security systems. That is, to improve the campus safety emergency system, the campus safety self-inspection system, the examination and approval system for teachers and students going out and the campus safety reporting system. The potential safety hazards and accidents found must be disposed of immediately and reported as soon as possible, so as to eliminate the unsafe factors and adverse effects to the maximum extent.
Du Xiaotong, secretary of the Party Committee and director of Qingdao Education Bureau, told reporters that building a "safe campus" in the education system and ensuring the safety and health of young people are not only related to the happiness of every family, but also to the stability and peace of the whole society. Protecting the safety of primary and secondary school students is the common responsibility of schools, families and society.
Although safety education has been carried out in many places, some educators are worried that the education on school safety, extracurricular activities safety, health and disease prevention diet safety, traffic safety and natural disaster prevention is still blank in most primary and secondary schools.
Campus safety legislation is imminent.
In recent years, during the two sessions of the National People's Congress, campus safety has become a concern of many deputies. During the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, Chen Dapeng, doctoral supervisor of Southwest Jiaotong University, proposed in the motion that for a long time, school security work involving the life safety of hundreds of millions of teachers and students, school stability and normal campus order could not be followed, which did not meet the requirements of running schools according to law. He called for the early promulgation of the campus safety law.
Zhou Defen, a representative of Guizhou Provincial People's Congress, called for the enactment of campus safety laws at several NPC meetings. She said that campus safety accidents are inevitable. Due to the lack of legal reference, schools, students, teachers and parents are often entangled in the causes of accidents, responsibility sharing, compensation scope and amount. In order to avoid trouble, some schools simply close their doors in broad daylight to restrict students' access, and necessary extracurricular practices and activities can be exempted, which restricts the vitality of schools and students to some extent. In addition, how to share the responsibility for a safety accident after students leave school? The law is expected to give a series of questions.
People in education generally believe that while enhancing the safety awareness of schools, parents and students, to fundamentally solve campus safety problems, campus safety legislation must be adopted to regulate campus safety management behavior with unique mandatory and authoritative laws. Teacher Tan Xiaoyu, who has been engaged in legal education for many years, said that schools are places for educating people and need stability and good order. However, the current campus security situation is worrying, and it is urgent to formulate relevant laws.
Relevant persons have appealed that the urgent problem to be solved in campus safety legislation is to clarify the main body of campus safety and establish and improve various campus safety institutions; In particular, it is necessary to clarify the normative requirements of school safety management and take effective measures to ensure the implementation of the norms and ensure the safety of schools, teachers and students.
It should be pointed out that in 200 1 year, Shanghai promulgated the first "Measures for Compensation for Accidental Injury Accidents of Students in Shanghai", and in 2002, the Ministry of Education issued the "Measures for Handling Accidental Injury Accidents of Students". Since then, various provinces and cities have introduced measures to deal with students' accidental injuries, and these laws and regulations have been introduced one after another to build a safety barrier for the campus.
Education and insurance work together to ensure safety.
The Handbook of Students' Safety Education and Insurance Knowledge, which was jointly compiled by the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province and Heilongjiang Branch of China Life Insurance Company, was distributed to more than 30,000 primary and middle school students in the province on the National Safety Education Day last year. According to reports, the manual is engaged in propaganda and popularization of safety insurance knowledge in two aspects: prevention before and compensation after the event. It takes the form of question and answer, which is simple and vivid. It is very suitable for educating primary and secondary school students about safety knowledge, enhancing students' ability of self-prevention and self-help and coping with emergencies, and providing practical and convenient insurance guides for students and parents.
Guo Fuchang, the former deputy inspector general of the country, said that a better way to solve accidental injuries on campus is to insure students against accidental injuries, which is good for both parents and schools. He pointed out that primary and secondary school students' insurance embodies the characteristics of "all for one, all for one", and it is the best way to avoid and transfer campus security risks to let primary and secondary school students take out insurance. He believes that if you buy insurance, your child will be safe; If something happens to the child, you can get some compensation. From this perspective, it is still very beneficial.
Sun Yunxiao, a researcher at China Youth Research Center, stressed that the insurance industry can improve the insurance system for students' accidental injuries and provide more comprehensive and effective services. In his view, China's insurance industry is still far from perfect, but it is an international practice and a wise move of mankind to realize effective social security through insurance, and we seem to have no choice.
It is understood that more than 90% parents in Chongqing take the initiative to buy student group insurance. Take Nan 'an District of this city as an example. In a certain year, students in Nan 'an District suffered from diseases, accidental injuries and accidental deaths 1879, and the amount of compensation received from insurance companies reached11200,000 yuan.
In 200 1 year, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission insured the "school liability insurance" for the students of 3,000 primary and secondary schools in the city, and will provide each student with compensation of up to RMB 200,000 per year. If there is a major collective accident in the school, the maximum compensation for each school can reach 3.5 million yuan.
Link: American school safety education and its enlightenment
School safety is a worldwide educational problem, which has become an important topic in the world education research. In order to reduce the occurrence of such accidents, the United States has formulated active preventive measures.
1. Make school safety a task of the school district.
The American government believes that school violence is incompatible with educational tasks, and ensuring school safety is a systematic project. Judging from the preventive measures formulated by the United States, ensuring school safety is not only a school's own business, but also requires the efforts and support of education administrative departments, public security and judicial departments, community organizations, social media, parents of students and other aspects. This proposal was supported by the school board and the court. They believe that if the task of the school district does not include school safety, it will be difficult for the school to ensure the safety of the school district.
2. Different schools should make different safety plans.
The school safety plan should be formulated according to the subjective and objective conditions such as the age characteristics of the school education object and the location of the school. School management can generally be divided into four stages: planning, implementation, inspection and summary. Schools should take the safety plan as one of the important contents of the school's overall work plan, and on this basis, take various measures to implement the safety plan, including formulating rules and regulations, inspecting and supervising the working conditions of faculty and staff, supervising and evaluating the school's work, and summarizing and giving feedback later. To ensure that school safety work is put on the agenda.
3. Reach an agreement with other social forces
The United States believes that school boards and school administrators cannot maintain school safety alone, so they need the assistance of other social forces. To ensure school safety, we should not wait until after the accident to review the cause of the accident, but should take active actions to prevent it before it happens. There are many ways to express positive behavior, no matter which way should reflect the initiative of educators.
4. Formulate emergency management policies and carry out school safety training.
The United States requires every school and school district to have an operational emergency management plan, including managers, students, parents, coordination law enforcement departments, community emergency services departments and media departments. However, it is not enough to rely only on plans and written agreements, but also to be reflected through long-term training, so that students and teachers know how to do it, and the construction of school facilities should also take this into full consideration.
5. Publicize dangerous situations and personnel in schools.
The school should pay attention to the dangerous personnel in and around the school, and pay attention to the transfer of dangerous students or their study in the school district. In a word, ensuring school safety is an important part of school education. Without a safe teaching environment, there is no effective education and teaching activities.
6. Keep in touch with students
American regulators concluded that when something bad was going to happen in school, students always said, "I'm afraid this kind of thing will happen." This shows that if you know what the students are worried about, you can prevent the tragedy. Therefore, the United States requires educators to visit schools, talk with students, observe their lives, understand their worries, and encourage parents and teachers to do these things.