Epidemiology of brucellosis

1. Health education: The following points should be paid attention to in the publicity and education of brucellosis prevention and treatment: (1) Brucellosis patients come from infected livestock, especially sheep, cattle and pigs. The main transmission factors are fluid products, milk, meat, viscera, fur and so on. (2) Brucellosis can be prevented, self-healed, and cured, which can enhance confidence. (3) The publicity target is mainly some professional people who have close contact with livestock and residents in epidemic areas and pastoral areas, such as veterinarians, herders, breeders, butchers, milkmen and dairy meat processors. (4) Publicity and education should be combined with the development of animal husbandry and poverty alleviation.

2. Immunization: China is one of only a few countries in the world that advocate vaccinating people. Freeze-dried the human vaccine strain 104M (Acinetobacter abortus) and inoculated it on the skin scratches at a dose of 4-5 billion/person. Transport at low temperature and avoid light, and store at 4℃. Immunization targets are limited to occupational population and threatened high-risk population in epidemic areas, and the coverage should not be too wide, and it is not appropriate to replant every year. If necessary, it can be replanted once in the second year. Pregnant women, lactating women, the elderly and patients with heart, liver and kidney diseases should not take it. 104M vaccine can also be immunized by nasal drops.

3. Quarantine and elimination of epidemic animals, isolation of epidemic animals to cultivate healthy animals and immunization of herds are important measures to prevent brucellosis. When brucellosis breaks out, emergency measures should be taken as soon as possible. Mainly includes the following points:

1. Set up a temporary leading body, including medical managers of local veterinarians and related professionals. Get in touch with the relevant administrative and business departments at higher levels as soon as possible and report. Quickly use the existing communication and publicity facilities to carry out publicity and education.

2. Timely diagnosis and treatment of current diseases and isolation of people around.

3. Investigate and manage the source of infection. Generally, livestock are quarantined by interview and discussion. Determine exogenous (that is, the epidemic animals come from other places) and endogenous (local epidemic animals). Find out the source of infection in time (isolation and elimination), for various transmission factors, such as aborted fetus (cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.). ), contaminated milk and meat should be disinfected or buried deep, burned, etc. The place where the source of infection once lived should be disinfected.

4. Vaccination: vaccinate the high-risk population (including occupational population and non-occupational population) in the epidemic area with 104M vaccine; Vaccinate healthy animals or herds: cattle should be vaccinated with S 19 and sheep should be vaccinated with S2 vaccine. Because there is no vaccine suitable for pigs, we should pay attention to observation.