Mother's body changes at this time, and the uterus moves forward more obviously. The height of uterine fundus has risen to 25 ~ 32 cm, and its position has risen to the level of navel and the middle of diaphragm. With the enlargement of the uterus, the stomach is under upward pressure, and pregnant women will feel full in their chests, unable to eat, anorexia, heartburn and other discomfort at this time; Pressing down the intestine and bladder can cause frequent urination, constipation and other symptoms; Compression of blood vessels will lead to further aggravation of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, back pain and other symptoms. By the end of the eighth month, the bottom is located between the navel and xiphoid process. Pregnant women are pregnant, bulky, inconvenient to move and even difficult to walk. At this time, pregnant women are also prone to diseases such as pyelonephritis and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Pregnant women's stomachs are occasionally stiff and tight, which is a false contraction. It is normal to touch the abdomen vigorously during uterine contraction at this stage, but once irregular contractions occur, you should stop and rest immediately, and those who are serious should go to the hospital as soon as possible. By this time, pregnant women's facial pregnancy spots and abdominal pregnancy line are more and more obvious, and some pregnant women also have spots around their ears, forehead and mouth. About 29 weeks of pregnancy, the blood volume will increase greatly; At 30 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus will be significantly higher than the navel.
Prevention of Common Diseases and Response to Common Diseases Prevention and Response to Common Diseases Pregnancy epilepsy is called pregnancy epilepsy, and its occurrence is related to a series of endocrine changes in the body after pregnancy. Epilepsy can be divided into primary epilepsy, secondary epilepsy and pregnancy epilepsy. Primary epilepsy is mostly autosomal dominant genetic disease with familial inheritance; Secondary epilepsy is mostly secondary to encephalitis and brain injury. Pregnancy will increase the frequency of seizures. Some data show that the fetal malformation rate of primary epilepsy is obviously increased, which may be caused by epilepsy itself or antiepileptic drugs. However, epilepsy during pregnancy does not affect pregnancy and delivery, and it can disappear naturally after delivery, and it is easy to relapse when pregnant again. However, persistent seizures can lead to fetal distress, miscarriage or premature delivery. If the epileptic symptoms are serious, continuing pregnancy will have a great impact on pregnant women and fetuses, and pregnancy should be terminated; During pregnancy, we should choose the most effective antiepileptic drugs with the least side effects. Phenobarbital and epilepsy ketone are preferred in the first trimester of pregnancy, and phenytoin sodium is best taken after the second trimester. Trimer and hydantoin with teratogenic effects should not be taken during pregnancy.
How to prevent eclampsia eclampsia is the best policy? We should strengthen prenatal examination, take blood pressure every time, observe whether there is edema and detect urine protein, so as to find the signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension as soon as possible. Once the early manifestations of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome are found, pregnant women should be closely monitored and treated in time to control the condition to the lightest degree, especially when hypertension, edema, headache, dizziness and other symptoms occur at the same time, it should be considered as pre-eclampsia and must be hospitalized to prevent it from developing into eclampsia. Pay attention to health during pregnancy, avoid fatigue, control weight, keep happy, get enough sleep, rest on the left side, eat a balanced diet and be rich in nutrients, but pay attention to limiting salt intake. These are all effective measures for pregnant women to prevent this disease.
How to prevent, reduce and treat varicose veins of lower limbs When pregnant women have varicose veins of lower limbs or vulva, they will feel pain in lower limbs, accompanied by heavy feeling, swelling feeling, heat feeling and ant walking feeling. And there will be edema in the ankle and instep, which makes it easy to feel tired and inconvenient to move. We should pay attention to reducing the time of standing and sitting, not to mention carrying heavy objects. Wear suitable flat shoes and avoid wearing high heels or boots. Avoid using objects that may compress blood vessels, such as tight socks or shoes. Try to reduce constipation, chronic cough and other factors that may increase abdominal pressure. Try to stay away from heat sources, and don't take a sauna or wash your eyes. Take a bath with warm water close to body temperature, and avoid taking a bath with too cold or overheated water. In order to control the development of symptoms, pregnant women with varicose veins of lower limbs should pay special attention to eating less high-fat foods, foods with high sugar content and foods, because these foods are easy to make people fat, accumulate water and aggravate varicose veins. When varicose veins are serious, you need to stay in bed, or you can bind the lower limbs with elastic bandages to prevent venous nodules from bleeding. During childbirth, it is necessary to prevent the rupture of vulvar varicose veins and cause bleeding. Mild varicose veins of lower limbs can disappear after delivery, but serious varicose veins will leave sequelae, which will bring inconvenience to later life, so surgery should be considered after delivery.
Relieve neck, shoulder, waist and back pain. After pregnancy, the pregnant woman's abdomen bulges, her spine bends forward and her center of gravity moves forward. It also supports the increased weight and increases the burden on the back muscles when walking. The enlarged uterus compresses the nerves and pelvis, causing joints and ligaments to relax; Coupled with the secretion of relaxin at the end of pregnancy, the neck, shoulders, waist and back are often sore. Paying attention to adjusting life, learning to relax and ensuring adequate rest can effectively relieve pain. Generally moderate walking and exercise can prevent this disease. Pregnant women should try not to lift heavy objects or ask questions for a long time and keep leaning forward. Also avoid catching cold in the body so as not to aggravate the pain. If the pain is unbearable and radiates to the lower limbs, or the pain gets worse every time you cough, stand for a long time, sit for a long time or defecate, you should go to the hospital for examination to rule out the possibility of lumbar disc herniation.
If there is lumbar disc herniation, it can be treated under the guidance of a doctor. Pregnant women must stay in bed immediately, and in severe cases, stay in bed for 3 weeks before delivery until labor. Cesarean section is suitable for labor, so as not to increase the pressure in myelin sheath of spinal nerve due to vaginal delivery and aggravate the condition. Postpartum symptoms of most patients will be relieved, but a few people need further treatment.
Why does fetal death happen? After 28 weeks of intrauterine pregnancy, the fetus dies in the uterus, which is called intrauterine stillbirth. About half of the intrauterine deaths are caused by fetal hypoxia. The common causes of fetal intrauterine hypoxia are placental umbilical cord factors, such as prenatal bleeding caused by placenta previa and velamentous placenta, placental abruption, umbilical cord knotting or umbilical cord prolapse. Fetal abnormalities, such as fetal malformation, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine infection; Diseases of pregnant women, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, diabetes, overdue pregnancy, chronic nephritis, cardiovascular diseases and systemic or abdominal infections.
After the death of the fetus, pregnant women consciously stop fetal movement, the uterus no longer continues to increase, the weight drops, the breasts shrink, and the abdominal distension disappears. Most fetuses can have fetal movement changes before they die, which shows that fetal movement suddenly increases, then gradually decreases and finally disappears. Most of the fetuses died after the fetal movement disappeared, and there were also cases in which live babies were delivered by cesarean section 24 hours after the fetal movement disappeared. If the fetus is still not discharged after 3 weeks of death, it can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to abortion and massive bleeding. Be sure to closely observe the fetal movement and handle it in time if it is abnormal.
How to find intrauterine growth retardation There are many ways to help find intrauterine growth retardation in the third trimester and early pregnancy. Measuring the height of the uterine fundus can usually be compared with the "Fetal Growth and Development Index Table". Under normal circumstances, the fetal growth and development index should be between -3 and +3. If it is less than -3, it means that the fetus is stunted. Monitor the weight of pregnant women continuously. If the weekly weight of pregnant women in the third trimester is less than 0.5 kg, or the weight does not increase but decreases, we should pay attention to the possibility of intrauterine growth retardation. In the third trimester, the ratio of fetal head circumference to abdominal circumference can be measured by ultrasonic instrument to understand and evaluate fetal development.
How to correct the breech position of the fetus in the first 7 months after pregnancy? Because the fetus is small, there is relatively more amniotic fluid, and the fetal position is not fixed. At this time, if it is breech position, there is no need to deal with it, and most of them can be turned to the head position by themselves. If it is still breech position, it needs to be corrected. The most common and safest way to correct breech position is to use knee-chest position. Because the pregnant woman's buttocks can be lifted and the fetus's buttocks can be withdrawn from the pelvis, the fetus can be changed from breech position to head position with the help of the change of the fetus's center of gravity, twice a day, 15 minutes each time. If 1 ~ 2 weeks later fails, other methods can be adopted. Chinese medicine and music also have certain effects, so you can try them. It can also be corrected by a doctor's eversion, which is suitable for breech position of 30 ~ 36 weeks of pregnancy. Because this method can sometimes cause early placental abruption, premature delivery, umbilical cord around the neck and other complications, its indications should be strictly controlled when applied. If pregnant women are complicated with uterine malformation, pelvic stenosis, placenta previa, polyhydramnios and twins, it is not suitable.
Taboos in daily life should correctly treat the discomfort of pregnant women in the third trimester. In addition to the back pain caused by physical inconvenience and heavy burden, there may be some complications. The illness and worry about whether to continue pregnancy and delivery will have a negative impact on the mood of pregnant women, making them fidgety, insomnia and depressed. Depression will inhibit the growth of the fetus, and anger may also lead to premature delivery. It is best for pregnant women to adjust themselves, understand some necessary knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth, improve and overcome bad emotions, and consult doctors about related issues; If it is caused by life problems, we should discuss with our husband's family, make reasonable arrangements and give help; Pregnant women should be positive and optimistic about pregnancy and childbirth, try to restrain unstable emotions and melancholy emotions, and try to spend this period with a happy mood.
The meaning of sleep must ensure adequate and high-quality sleep, and adequate sleep is conducive to the growth of the fetus. Sleep is necessary for human physiological activities and the main way to eliminate fatigue. Working during the day and sleeping at night can restore physical strength and brain power. If you don't get enough sleep, it will cause excessive fatigue and reduce your body's resistance. That is, the ability to resist foreign bacteria and virus infection decreases, leading to various diseases.
There are individual differences in the length of sleep. Some people only need to sleep for 5-6 hours to feel energetic and fully recovered, while others need longer time. Normal adults generally need about 8 hours of sleep, but pregnant women's bodies have changed in all aspects, the burden on various organs has increased, and they have also undertaken the task of fetal metabolism, so they are more likely to feel tired. So sleep more than usual 1 hour, at least not less than 8 hours. Especially after 8 months of pregnancy, the body consumes more, and it is best to take a nap at noon every day 1 hour. It is best not to sleep too long during a nap, so as not to affect sleep at night.
Actively regulating emotions Because the enlarged uterus presses down the intestine and bladder and presses up the stomach and heart, pregnant women's symptoms such as indigestion, anorexia and frequent urination begin to appear again. And the pregnancy spots on the face and the pregnancy marks on the abdomen are becoming more and more obvious. Changes in appetite, body shape and appearance will increase the physiological and psychological burden of pregnant women. Some pregnant women are anxious, worried, nervous, irritable and worried. Emotional fluctuation is very obvious, when it is serious. It is very important and necessary for pregnant women to actively regulate their emotions. Pregnant women themselves should realize that the problems brought by pregnancy are temporary and should face them actively and bravely. In addition, family and friends should treat pregnant women with understanding, tolerance and care, and help them get rid of tension.
Avoid unfavorable work and environment. In the third trimester, pregnant women should avoid all work and environment that may be unfavorable to themselves or their fetuses. It is best to avoid harmful work and environment, negotiate with unit leaders, temporarily change to other favorable work and environment, or simply stop work early and rest at home. For the health of both mother and son, the following jobs and environments should be avoided: heavy physical labor, frequent work going up and down stairs, work exposed to irritating substances or some toxic chemicals and radiation, long-term work in a vibration or noise environment, work in an assembly line that cannot get proper rest, work that needs to stand for a long time, work with low or high temperature in the working environment, work with high pressure, and work that requires a person to be in close contact with various viruses.
Learn how to relieve the pain during childbirth. Most pregnant women can bear the pain during childbirth, and some postures can also relieve the pain, such as keeping an upright posture, sitting forward, kneeling forward, lying on the ground and so on. Pregnant women can practice these postures properly during this period to ensure smooth delivery, but pay attention to protection. Don't be forced to make gestures that they can't do. Someone must always watch them. Pregnant women can also learn some auxiliary actions and self-help actions during childbirth, so as to relieve the pain during childbirth, coordinate contractions and accelerate the process of childbirth, mainly including deep breathing, holding their breath by massaging the lower abdomen and pressing the waist, abdominal deep breathing and chest deep breathing, and short breathing. During this period, pregnant women can often practice in order to be useful during childbirth.
Long-distance travel is not desirable, especially long-distance travel, which is a very hard thing. People's health is prone to discomfort due to changes in climate and location, and normal people may also get sick during travel, especially pregnant women, especially pregnant women in the third trimester. In the third trimester, due to physical changes. Pregnant women's mobility will be significantly reduced, and their ability to adapt to the environment is far less than before. In addition, the delivery is approaching at this time. If you travel for a long time, the bumps caused by long-term questions, the disruption of work and rest, and the impermanence of the environment will easily make pregnant women nervous and tired. Due to the limited travel conditions and the high concentration of people in cars and boats, pregnant women will inevitably collide or be crowded.
In addition, due to the mixed people in the car, the air is relatively turbid, and there are more pathogens than other environments. It is difficult for pregnant women to clean themselves and get sick easily. In this case, pregnant women are often prone to premature delivery, emergency delivery and other accidents. The medical conditions during the trip are not necessarily ideal, and the local medical staff do not know the situation of pregnant women, so it is inevitable that there will be deviations in dealing with emergencies. Therefore, pregnant women should not travel in the third trimester and it is best to avoid it.
After eight months of pregnancy, it is best for pregnant women to enter a state of abstinence and gradually reduce the number of sexual lives. In the last two months of pregnancy, due to the rapid growth of the fetus, the uterus is obviously enlarged, the cervix is gradually softened and shortened, and physiological expansion occurs. The lower end of the amniotic sac is easy to get close to the cervix and even exposed to the upper part of the vagina. If you have sex like this, it is easy to directly cause fetal membrane trauma. After premature rupture of fetal membranes, it is easy to cause umbilical cord prolapse and bacterial infection, which will endanger the fetus in the uterus and pregnant women themselves.
Use drugs rationally according to the doctor's advice. We should be cautious in using drugs at this time. Please refer to the relevant contents of the previous months. What must be emphasized here is that once pregnant women find any discomfort, don't delay, go to the hospital for treatment in time, and don't worry too much about the teratogenic effect of drugs on the fetus. Some medicines prescribed by the doctor for pregnant women are reasonably selected by the doctor according to the pregnancy situation of pregnant women, so don't worry, you can take them with confidence. But I must read the instructions carefully. If the words "pregnant women should use with caution" appear, I will ask the doctor, and don't take them blindly. The most important thing is that pregnant women should take medicine according to the doctor's advice, and don't use drugs indiscriminately or overdose.
Pregnant women who find pregnancy complications in time during pregnancy should insist on regular prenatal examination, and normal pregnant women should visit once every two weeks, and should pay attention to whether there are pregnancy complications and abnormal delivery. For pregnant women with complications, especially those with medical complications, such as essential hypertension, heart disease, nephritis, diabetes, etc. Due to the heavier physical burden in the third trimester, the condition can often be aggravated, so it is necessary to closely observe and actively treat pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and bleeding in the third trimester.
The examination of fetal position and the evaluation of birth canal should continue to observe fetal position at this time. If it is possible to correct the abnormal fetal position naturally, if it is not, it is necessary to correct it manually in time or determine the mode of delivery as soon as possible, so that pregnant women can stabilize their emotions and get ready as soon as possible. According to the doctor's diagnosis and suggestions, we can initially determine the delivery mode and take corresponding measures to avoid dystocia. Pregnant women with complications should be admitted to the hospital in advance according to the routine of various diseases, and make corresponding delivery plans after admission to ensure the safety of mother and baby. Measure the pelvis, understand the size and shape of the pelvis, and estimate whether the fetus can deliver from the vagina smoothly. Generally, pelvic measurements are performed at 30 ~ 34 weeks of pregnancy. Conduct an internal examination, mainly to check whether the birth canal is normal, including the soft birth canal and the bone birth canal. If the pregnant woman is relaxed, the internal examination can be done without discomfort.
The nutrition plan is fully reasonable. Pregnant women should eat enough protein and sugar, and the proportion of fat intake can be appropriately increased, especially vitamins and minerals. You need to eat a lot of protein every day, mainly high-quality protein, and eat more animal foods such as meat and poultry to supplement high-quality protein and heme iron, which can also prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy; Eat more foods rich in minerals and vitamins, especially enough calcium, and appropriately increase soybean products such as soybean milk, soybean milk and tofu to supplement calcium. Appropriately increase the intake of sugar and essential fatty acids, provide necessary heat energy, eat more foods such as walnuts, sesame seeds and peanuts, and supplement essential fatty acids. Adequate inorganic salts, vitamins and water should be supplied to maintain the healthy body state of pregnant women.
Supplementary nutrition varies from person to person. At this time, the fetus grows the fastest, the weight increases the fastest, and the nutritional demand reaches the peak accordingly. Pregnant women are required to pay attention to quality and complete varieties in food preparation to provide adequate and comprehensive nutrition for fetal growth. Because the fetus is enlarged and oppresses the gastrointestinal tract, pregnant women often feel discomfort in the upper abdomen. Dietary arrangements should be based on the principles of eating less and eating more, being high-quality, rich, diverse, light and easy to digest and absorb, so as to ensure adequate nutrition intake. With the approach of delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is prone to occur. If edema of lower limbs occurs, we should reduce the intake of salt, limit the intake of protein and water, and make reasonable adjustments according to the degree of illness. In a word, a reasonable diet and adequate nutrition can make the fetus have enough energy reserves to adapt to the external environment during and after delivery.
Special mention of mother-child interaction can enhance feelings.
Raising the fetus through games can increase the interaction between the fetus and the mother and contribute to the future development of the fetus. When the fetus is about 3 months old, the auditory and tactile nerves have begun to develop; Pregnant women can see the fetus playing in the uterus when they have an ultrasound examination about 4 months old. When a pregnant woman is pregnant for 7 ~ 8 months, it is the most obvious time for fetal movement. At this time, she can play games to raise the fetus. Generally speaking, the fetus needs 8 ~ 12 hours of sleep. If you play with the fetus after a meal 1 ~ 2 hours, the mother can obviously feel the fetal movement, and the hands and feet of the fetus will react differently with the mother's movements. According to experts, when the mother plays games with the fetus, the normal fetus will react to external stimuli, thus generating fetal movement. If there is no fetal movement, it means that the fetus is unhealthy.
Self-monitoring fetal movement monitoring can judge whether the fetus is hypoxic and continue to monitor fetal movement. At this stage, the fetus is prone to hypoxia. The most effective and simple way to judge whether the fetus is hypoxic is to count the number of fetal movements and observe and record the fetal movements. Feeling fetal movement is the most direct means for pregnant women to directly feel whether the fetus is normal and comfortable in the uterus. Generally speaking, the third trimester of pregnancy, that is, 28 ~ 38 weeks of pregnancy, is the most active period of fetal movement. Pregnant women can dynamically grasp the safety of the fetus at any time by counting fetal movements on time.
Self-monitoring the weight of pregnant women reflects the growth and development of the fetus, which can generally be measured once a week. During this period, the fetus grows rapidly, and the weight of pregnant women increases by about 500 grams per week. If the weight does not increase within a few weeks, it means that the fetus is growing slowly; If you gain weight too fast, you may have edema in pregnant women, or you may become obese quickly because of excessive food intake. If you find that you don't gain weight or gain weight too fast, you should find and determine the reasons and take corresponding measures.
Self-monitoring blood pressure is prone to pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, which is characterized by hypertension, edema and urinary protein. This disease is one of the main causes of premature delivery and fetal and maternal death. Blood pressure should be measured regularly and pay attention to the changes of blood pressure. If any abnormality is found, we should attach great importance to it, and we must see a doctor in time for further examination.
Fetal heart monitor can be used to monitor fetal intrauterine conditions and determine placental function, so as to find problems in time and take measures. We should continue to observe fetal position. If it is possible to correct the fetal position naturally, it should be corrected manually in time or the mode of delivery should be determined as soon as possible. Those who fail to correct it should also consult a doctor to determine the mode of delivery as soon as possible, so that pregnant women can stabilize their emotions and make preparations as soon as possible.
Self-monitoring of uterine contractions Some sensitive pregnant women can feel their contractions, but there is no fixed interval for such contractions, and continuous intervals are irregular. It is not the real labor contraction, but the physiological manifestation of the uterus. It's a false contraction, so pay attention to the difference.
Self-monitoring of vaginal bleeding Do a good job of family self-monitoring to prevent abnormal conditions such as premature delivery. In the meantime, pay special attention to whether there is vaginal bleeding. If pregnant women find vaginal bleeding, even if there is only a small amount of bleeding, they should see a doctor immediately and receive treatment as soon as possible, because pregnant women may have premature delivery and placenta previa.