Main points of observation
1. Vital signs, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, consciousness, cyanosis and urine volume, etc.
2. The effects and side effects of drugs (especially glucocorticoids).
3. Asthma symptoms, chest tightness, nasopharyngeal itching, cough, sneezing, etc. , corresponding measures should be taken as soon as possible.
Nursing measures
1. Adjust the comfortable sitting position or semi-sitting position for the patient and encourage the patient to take a deep breath slowly.
2. Assist the patient to expectorate, instruct the patient to sit up and lean forward when coughing, pat the patient's back and encourage him to expectorate. Drink plenty of water when phlegm is sticky.
3. Breathing difficulties should be given oxygen, and continue to give oxygen to the nasal catheter according to the doctor's advice, and then give oxygen after humidification.
4. Use bronchial antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drugs according to the doctor's advice.
5. Accompany the patient during the asthma attack, explain the condition and eliminate the tension. If necessary, give sedatives according to the doctor's advice, and pay attention to prohibiting morphine and a large number of sedatives so as not to inhibit breathing.
6. Instruct patients not to talk and eat when asthma attacks, give a light liquid or semi-liquid diet with rich nutrition and high vitamins when relieving, eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water.
health education
1. Flowers, grass, carpets and feather products are prohibited in the living room.
2. Avoid foods that induce asthma, such as fish, eggs and shrimp.
3. Avoid irritating gas, smoke, dust and lampblack.
4. Avoid mental stress and strenuous exercise.
5. Keep warm to avoid colds and upper respiratory tract infections.
6. Look for allergens and avoid contact with allergens.
8. Instruct patients with asthma symptoms, such as chest tightness, poor breathing, itchy throat, sneezing and coughing. And promptly notify the medical staff to take preventive measures in time.