How to understand mental health education 1 1? Fully understand the importance of strengthening mental health education in primary and secondary schools.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology in the world and the increasingly fierce international competition, to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must strive to train hundreds of millions of high-quality workers and tens of millions of professionals who meet the requirements of modernization. Good psychological quality is an important part of people's all-round quality and a very important content of talents' quality in the future. Contemporary primary and secondary school students are a cross-century generation. They are in an important period of physical and mental development, and most of them are only children. With the development of physiology and psychology, the increase of competitive pressure, the expansion of social experience and the change of thinking mode, they may encounter or produce various psychological problems in their study, life, interpersonal communication and self-awareness. Some problems, if not solved in time, will have a negative impact on the healthy growth of students, which will seriously lead to behavioral disorders or personality defects of students. Their healthy growth not only needs a harmonious and relaxed environment, but also needs to help them master the methods and abilities of self-regulation and self-development.
Mental health education in primary and secondary schools is an educational activity to cultivate students' good psychological quality, promote students' all-round and harmonious physical and mental development and improve their comprehensive quality by using relevant psychological education methods and means. It is an important part of quality education; It is an important link to implement the education revitalization action plan oriented to 2 1 century, implement the cross-century quality education project and cultivate cross-century high-quality talents. Therefore, timely and effective mental health education for primary and secondary school students is an inevitable requirement of modern education and an urgent task for educators. Leaders of education departments at all levels, school principals, teachers and parents should fully understand the importance of strengthening mental health education in primary and secondary schools and treat this education with a positive and serious attitude.
Second, the basic principles of mental health education
Mental health education in primary and secondary schools is a scientific and practical educational work, which should follow the following basic principles:
1, according to the characteristics of students' psychological development and the law of physical and mental development, carry out targeted education.
2, for all students, through the popularization of educational activities, so that students have a positive understanding of mental health education, so that psychological quality is gradually improved.
3. Pay attention to individual differences and carry out various forms of education and counseling according to the different needs of different students to improve their mental health.
4. Take students as the main body, fully stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm of students. Teachers' scientific guidance in mental health education should be organically combined with students' active participation in mental health education.
Third, the main tasks and implementation ways of mental health education
The main tasks of mental health education in primary and secondary schools are: first, to carry out mental health education for all students, so that students can constantly understand themselves correctly and enhance their ability of self-adjustment, bearing setbacks and adapting to the environment; Cultivate students' sound personality and good individual psychological quality. Second, give scientific and effective psychological counseling and guidance to a few students who have psychological troubles or psychological obstacles, so that they can get rid of obstacles as soon as possible, adjust themselves, improve their mental health and enhance their self-development ability.
Mental health education can be implemented in the following ways:
1 permeates the whole process of school education in all directions. In subject teaching, various educational activities and the work of class teachers, we should attach importance to students' mental health education, which is the main way of mental health education.
2, in addition to the original ideological and moral courses, ideological and political courses and adolescent education and other related teaching content, you can also use activity classes and class team activities to hold special lectures on mental health education. For primary school students, games and recreational activities related to promoting mental health education can also be organized to help students master general mental health knowledge and methods and cultivate good psychological quality.
3. Carry out psychological counseling and counseling. Provide serious, patient and scientific psychological counseling to individual students with psychological problems or psychological obstacles in time to help students eliminate psychological obstacles.
4. Establish communication channels between schools and families for mental health education, and optimize the family education environment. Guide and help students' parents to establish a correct educational concept and influence and educate their children in a good way.
5. Mental health education should pay attention to actual effect and combine form and content organically. The specific way and time required can be arranged by all localities according to the actual situation.
Four, mental health education teachers and conditions.
Doing a good job in the construction of teachers and improving teachers' mental health level is an important condition to ensure the normal and healthy development of mental health education. We should actively carry out professional training for teachers engaged in mental health education. The training of mental health education teachers should be included in the local and school teacher training plans. Through training, teachers engaged in mental health education can improve their understanding of the importance of mental health education and master the knowledge and ability to carry out mental health education. Teachers who have obtained certificates through training must also be full-time psychological counseling (counseling) teachers. Professional knowledge and practical ability can not meet the requirements, shall not be arbitrarily arranged as a full-time psychological counseling teacher. Schools without qualified psychological counseling teachers will not carry out mental health education for the time being.
Schools should gradually establish a mental health education system under the leadership of the principal, with teachers, class teachers and team cadres (full-time youth league and young pioneers) as the main body, full-time and part-time psychological counseling teachers as the backbone, and all teachers participating. Schools should put forward that every teacher should attach importance to students' mental health education, so that teachers can establish a sense of caring for students' mental health and create and construct a good mental health education environment. Every teacher in the school should be a mentor to students.
Education administrative departments and schools at all levels should actively create necessary conditions for mental health education. Middle schools with conditions in large and medium-sized cities should gradually establish and improve psychological consultation rooms (or consultation rooms), strengthen the consultation of mental health education, and strengthen the research and scientific management of mental health education. In particular, we should attach importance to the study of mental health education, and study the relationship between mental health education and moral education, and the all-round development of people and education in various disciplines.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Organization and leadership of mental health education
Educational administrative departments and schools at all levels should take mental health education in primary and secondary schools as an important task to deepen educational reform and comprehensively promote quality education. It is necessary to formulate the implementation plan of mental health education, study the ways and means of implementing mental health education, and actively and steadily promote the development of mental health education.
Mental health education in primary and secondary schools is the responsibility of the moral education department or the basic (general) education department of the education administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Education administrative departments at all levels should have special personnel in charge of or in charge of mental health education in primary and secondary schools. Teaching and research departments at all levels should actively cooperate with and support mental health education.
Places and schools that have carried out mental health education in primary and secondary schools should further promote the development and deepening of mental health education on the basis of earnestly summing up experience; Where education has not yet been carried out, we should actively create conditions. Starting from the autumn of 2000, primary and secondary schools with conditions in large and medium-sized cities should gradually carry out mental health education. Primary and secondary schools in small towns and rural areas should also proceed from reality and gradually create conditions to carry out mental health education.
The Ministry of Education will formulate a guiding outline for mental health education in primary and secondary schools, set up an advisory committee for mental health education in primary and secondary schools, and entrust some regions and universities to carry out special comprehensive research and experiments on mental health education in order to strengthen the guidance of mental health education.
How to understand the way of mental health education 2 (1)
Children's mental health education can be carried out through education and behavioral guidance for children in daily life, and can also be influenced by educational activities in health, society, sports, language, common sense, computing, music and art, and can also be formed through home-school cooperation.
1. Specialized mental health education activities. Specialized mental health education activities are purposeful, planned and organized educational activities carefully designed according to the objectives and contents of children's mental health education.
2. Psychological counseling and behavioral guidance. Through effective conversation, psychological counselors provide children with the knowledge they need, enhance their self-awareness, give full play to their potential, help them overcome difficulties and pursue self-realization, so as to achieve the goal of healthy physical and mental development. Psychological consultation is the main way to carry out mental health education in kindergartens. Good psychological counseling effect depends on teachers and doctors who are knowledgeable, earnest and friendly, scientific and skilled in counseling technology, and can follow the professional ethics and rules of psychological counseling. Behavior guidance in a narrow sense refers to behavior correction. In the aspect of children's behavior guidance, it is mainly used to correct stuttering, rage attack, lying, stealing, fear and other behavioral abnormalities. Generalized behavior guidance also includes the cultivation of moral sentiments, the role of role models, the establishment and training of standardized behaviors, etc. Behavior guidance is one of the important ways of children's mental health education. Behavior guidance can be divided into individual guidance and collective guidance. Individual guidance is suitable for helping children solve special personal problems, and collective guidance refers to carefully formulating guidance plans and carefully arranging guidance contents.
3. Home-school synchronous education. Family is the place where children live, such as primary social interaction. The consistency of education requires that kindergarten education and family education must be coordinated and synchronized in order to get the expected educational effect. An important way for families and hospitals to implement children's mental health and social adaptation education simultaneously.
(B) the main methods of children's mental health education
1. Games are an important form of children's mental health education. Game is a special form of practical activities, which plays a positive role in promoting children's cognitive, emotional, emotional and social development. For young children, learning through games is more acceptable than preaching. Games are an important way for children to learn to socialize. The realistic partnership and role relationship established by children in the game create favorable conditions for interpersonal communication between children, overcome self-centeredness and consciously restrain themselves according to social behavior norms.
2. Show me. In mental health education, set an example for children and let them imitate, from unintentional to intentional.
From spontaneity to self-consciousness, it is an effective way to learn from the behavior and habits of role models, which can be a good behavior of children of the same age. In the process of forming children's healthy psychology and behavior, the decisive role model is the behavior of parents and teachers.
3. Situation demonstration. Situational demonstration is an educational way to make children think and behave in different social situations through performance. It can help children understand the problems and conflicts that may be encountered in society and deal with them in a way that conforms to social behavior norms. The topic of situational demonstration depends on and is close to children's real life. The method of scene demonstration is lively and interesting, which can attract children's attention and interest. Through children's performances and demonstrations, children can be helped to explore and understand the methods and skills to solve problems and conflicts, improve their ability to make decisions and distinguish right from wrong, and enhance their social adaptability.
4. Behavior practice. Behavior practice refers to letting children practice the skills and behaviors they have learned repeatedly, so as to deepen their understanding and mastery, thus forming stable behavior habits.
5. Discussion and comments. The topic to be discussed should be the mental health problems that are most closely related to children's current life. Children are allowed to express different views and arguments, and their true feelings and emotions are also allowed to express, and children are encouraged to comment on other people's thoughts and emotions.
How to understand mental health education 3 1? Mental health education is an important part of modern school education.
(1) Mental health education is the premise of improving students' psychological quality.
Psychological quality is a relatively stable characteristic of people in psychology. It is the sum of psychological development levels. Students' cognition and success is essentially a continuous psychological activity and psychological development process. Only through the choice and internalization of individual psychological mechanism can the cultural essence provided by education penetrate into personality traits and students can move from naivety to maturity. This process is also a process of continuous improvement of psychological quality. The improvement of students' comprehensive quality is mainly influenced by psychological quality: the formation of students' various qualities should be mediated by psychological quality, and their innovative consciousness, open personality, competitiveness and adaptability should be guided by psychological quality. In the complicated and changeable social environment, maintaining good psychological adaptation is the key to resist temptation, bear setbacks and adjust yourself. Therefore, school education should not only cultivate students' intelligence, but also cultivate students' healthy psychological quality.
Mental health education mainly plays the following roles: First, imparting mental health knowledge. It is not a simple teaching, but to let students understand the scientific nature of mental health and actively avoid unhealthy mental state. The second is to follow the law of students' psychological development, help them understand themselves, guide them to change their bad behavior, eliminate their troubles and adapt to the environment. The third is to conduct good behavior training. On the one hand, it is necessary to help students increase their psychological nutrition and meet their psychological needs, on the other hand, it is necessary to give targeted counseling. In psychological counseling activities, the following principles should be followed: psychological counseling is not preaching, but listening; Not exhortation, but acceptance; Not teaching, but guiding; Not control, but participation; Not interrogation, but understanding; Not containment, but guidance; Not affectation, but sincerity; It is not superficial obedience, but inner transformation.
(2) Mental health education is the driving force of students' personality development.
Modern education pays more attention to the cultivation of students' sound personality, and mental health education has a unique function in this respect. In modern society, the development of human personality is an important measure to measure the progress of social civilization. A country or nation with colorful personality means colorful creativity and the increase of social material wealth and spiritual wealth. Therefore, contemporary world education pays more and more attention to promoting people's spiritual liberation, cultivating independent personality and developing sound personality. Judging from China's current reform practice, whether it is hope education, success education, creativity education, happiness education and love education, all focus on strengthening students' self-awareness and developing students' initiative and enthusiasm. The special role of psychological counseling in promoting students' personality development deserves special attention. Because the purpose of counseling itself is to promote students' positive development and form a healthy personality, assisting students in self-cognition, self-regulation, coping with setbacks, setting goals, properly expressing themselves and being good at coordinating interpersonal relationships are all important contents of a healthy personality. Therefore, developing the field of psychological counseling is more conducive to promoting the improvement of students' individual personality. Mental health education in primary and secondary schools is an education in which educators use the theories and techniques of psychology, pedagogy, sociology and even psychiatry to cultivate students' good psychological quality, improve their psychological function and give full play to their psychological potential through various ways and methods, so as to improve their comprehensive quality and harmonious development of personality.
Mental health education is the need of students' psychological development, the need of talent training in the 2 1 century, and the important content of implementing quality education. Mental health education is closely related to personality development, which directly affects the development level of individual personality. On the one hand, in the process of mental health education, students gradually improve their personality structure by accepting moral norms, behavior patterns, environmental information and social expectations. On the other hand, objective values, as a measure, evaluation and adjustment of oneself in psychological life, also affect the development of personality, and under certain conditions, objective values can also be transformed into personality traits, thus making personality development rise to a new height. At the same time, psychological counseling is not passively attached to this transformation, but actively adjusts its direction in the process of transformation, allowing individuals to grasp themselves and evaluate their behavior, so as to achieve the purpose of psychological optimization and sound personality. Psychological counseling adopts the method of psychological transposition to communicate with the mind of the counseled, thus the influence on the development of students' personality becomes more conscious and in-depth.
(3) Mental health education is the condition to develop students' potential.
One of the purposes of education is to develop people's potential resources. Good psychological quality and potential development are the premise of mutual promotion, and mental health education provides the necessary conditions for their development. Psychological research shows that human potential includes wisdom, emotion, creativity and transcendence. School education pays attention to the development of students' intelligence, emotion and creativity. In other words, develop individual's potential learning ability and motivation. The development of potential depends on individual participation in learning activities, but academic failure will reduce students' self-confidence. Therefore, mental health education will help visitors understand themselves by establishing good interpersonal relationships with them, so that their potential can be fully developed. Mental health education mainly creates the following scenarios to help others. First, create an attempt scene, give students the opportunity to perform and let them realize themselves; The second is to create choice scenarios, give students the right to choose independently, and let them devote themselves to life once, thus establishing their own status. A small production, a role change, can activate students' creativity, which is the most dynamic factor in the potential, because it is not a person's ability, but a person's desire to create. Therefore, independent choice and successful experience can give full play to the inner vitality and potential.
In school education, there can be a separate role of psychological counseling and counseling teachers, but there should be no separate psychological education teachers. Therefore, the requirements of the state and the Ministry of Education for psychological education should be aimed at grass-roots teachers, not at students' studies. It is the minimum requirement for educational administrators.
2. The promotion of mental health education to personality development determines that it will have a wide impact on individual personality development, mainly in three aspects.
① Mental health education affects the level of personality development. This is because, on the one hand, development makes students have a demand for knowledge, and knowledge becomes the power source for individuals to actively absorb cultural information, which will inevitably promote personality development and accept the correct information provided by psychological counseling; On the other hand, the development of personality makes the subject accept psychological counseling more consciously and actively. Therefore, personality development has always met the requirements of psychological counseling, and it is constantly becoming mature and open.
② Mental health education can maintain the continuity and stability of personality development. Mental health education communicates the relationship between students and the environment according to individual needs, thus affecting the behavior of students' peers and getting the best adaptation. Self-awareness disorder is an important cause of personality abnormality. When a person's knowledge is too stubborn, psychological problems will appear, which are manifested as lack of self-knowledge of his own personality, aimlessness, poor self-control, and frequent conflict anxiety. Mental health education has afforested this personality desert and eliminated this psychological barrier.
③ Mental health education affects the direction of personality development. Mental health education constantly recognizes, evaluates and regulates students' personality development, constantly changes their attitudes and requirements for personality development, and makes them realize what direction personality should develop and how to realize this development. Mental health education enables students to constantly understand and test the rationality of their personality development. If it is unrealistic or individual deviation exists, mental health education will help students adjust in time, so as to make their personality develop healthily.
In a word, mental health education, as a means to adjust students' personality development, plays a positive role. However, we should also see that the influence of mental health education is growing with the cognitive development of students. Students with low cognitive level have weak self-awareness, and the influence of mental health education on their personality development will gradually increase.