Answer: (1) rest, diuresis, and control of water and salt intake ① rest, and usually stay in bed for 2 weeks after onset; Edema subsides, blood pressure is normal, gross hematuria disappears, and you can get out of bed for light exercise or take an outdoor walk; 1~ the activity in February is easily limited; Avoid strenuous activities within 3 months; Urine red blood cells decrease, red blood cell sedimentation rate is normal, you can go back to school, but you should avoid physical activity; After Addis's count is normal, you can return to normal life. (2) diet management. During the period of less urinary edema, the intake of sodium salt should be limited to 60 ~1.20 mg/(kg d), and protein should be less than 0.5 g/(kg d). Foods with high sugar and multivitamins should be provided, and water is generally not strictly limited. When urine volume increases, edema subsides and blood pressure is normal, normal diet can be resumed. (3) diuresis, blood pressure, edema, obvious urination after water and salt intake are restricted, or patients with hypertension and systemic congestion are given diuretics and antihypertensive drugs according to the doctor's advice. The changes of body weight, urine volume and edema should be observed and recorded before and after medication. When sodium nitroprusside is used, it should be freshly prepared, stored for 4 hours and discarded, and the whole infusion system should be protected from light. The main adverse reactions of sodium nitroprusside are nausea, vomiting, emotional instability, headache and muscle spasm.
(2) Observe the change of illness ① Observe the urine volume and color, accurately record the 24-hour urine volume, and send urine for routine examination twice a week. The increase in urine volume and the disappearance of gross hematuria indicate that the condition is improving, such as continuous decrease in urine volume, headache, nausea and vomiting. We should be alert to acute renal failure. ② Observe the changes of blood pressure. If blood pressure suddenly rises, severe headache, vomiting, dizziness and other symptoms suggest hypertensive encephalopathy, and sedative and dehydrating agents should be given in time. ③ Observe the changes of respiration, heart rate and pulse. In the case of severe circulatory congestion, the child should lie in a semi-supine position, take oxygen and give cardiotonic according to the doctor's advice.
(3) Health education, promoting the disease to children and parents as a self-limiting disease, and emphasizing the importance of limiting activities, the first two weeks are the most critical. Prevention and thorough treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and skin infection is the key to prevent this disease.