Extra calories, protein, vitamins and minerals are needed before, during and after delivery.
Pharmacist Zhao Shunrong, chairman of Taiwan Province Preventive Health Care Association and master of pharmacy, pointed out that pregnant women need extra nutrients such as calories, protein, vitamins and minerals before, during and after delivery to meet the needs of maternal metabolism and fetal growth.
According to the suggestion of the national medical service system of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, pregnant women should eat six kinds of foods in a balanced way, and eat more dark vegetables and whole grains, mainly from natural foods. As for why vitamins and minerals are also important? The National Health Service of the Ministry of Health and Welfare called on women who are preparing or pregnant to be mothers to pay attention to the intake of folic acid, iron and iodine. For the growth and development of the fetus, it is very important to have a strong head, which is the cornerstone of the baby's health all his life. The latest research of Harvard University also agrees with the importance of vitamin nutrition supplementation before, during and after delivery.
How to correctly supplement vitamins and minerals? Choosing a single nutrient or mineral supplement is not recommended. It is best for pregnant women to choose high-quality comprehensive vitamins under the advice of doctors, pharmacists or nutritionists, and supplement enough minerals and vitamins before, during and after pregnancy.
There are five treasures during pregnancy! Folic acid, iodine, iron, vitamin D and lutein are all necessary.
The first treasure of pregnancy: the star of vitality "folic acid"
Folic acid should be supplemented from the third trimester to the second trimester, which contributes to the formation of red blood cells, the normal development of the fetus and the development of the central nervous system of the brain. Lack of folic acid can lead to congenital neural tube defects in fetal brain and spinal cord. The National Health Bureau reminds: According to the reference intake of dietary nutrients (DRIS) of China residents, it is recommended that women of childbearing age consume at least 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day; Women who are preparing for pregnancy take 600 micrograms of folic acid every day from one month before conception to before pregnancy; Breast-feeding women are advised to take 500 micrograms of folic acid every day to meet their own needs and those of their fetuses.
Prospective study in Denmark: folic acid supplementation can increase fertility
Pharmacist Zhao Shunrong said that folic acid (vitamin B9) is probably one of all the nutrition related to pregnancy, and the scientific evidence is more sufficient, complete and consistent. Take a recent large-scale study in Denmark as an example. Since 20 1 1 in 2007, scholars have followed 3895 pregnant women taking multivitamins and folic acid and then getting pregnant. The results showed that women who used folic acid (including folic acid supplementation alone or folic acid-containing multivitamins) were more likely to get pregnant every month than women who did not use folic acid 15%. Especially in women with irregular menstrual cycles, studies have found that folic acid may help normalize ovulation.
The second treasure of pregnancy: Zhiduoxing "iodine"
Fetal iodine deficiency during pregnancy will cause abortion, stillbirth and congenital abnormality; Newborns will suffer from growth retardation and neurodysplasia, which will lead to dementia and even increase infant mortality. Lack of mothers can lead to hypothyroidism. Therefore, the national health agency reminds that it is recommended that women of childbearing age consume 140 micrograms of iodine every day, and the demand for iodine will increase during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and pregnant mothers need to consume 200 micrograms of iodine every day; Breastfeeding mothers need to consume 250 micrograms of iodine every day, or eat more natural foods rich in iodine and use iodized salt.
The Third Treasure of Pregnancy: Energy Star "Iron"
Iron is a hematopoietic agent. If pregnant women have anemia for a long time, it will cause fetal growth retardation in the uterus and easily lead to premature delivery. According to the Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake (DRIs) of China residents, the daily iron intake of women of childbearing age and pregnant women is 65438±0.5mg, and the daily iron intake of women in the third trimester should be increased to 45 mg, including iron-rich foods or supplements.
The importance of proper nutrition supplementation before, during and after pregnancy should not be underestimated. In addition to the above nutrients and minerals, pharmacist Zhao Shunrong specially reminded that "vitamin D and lutein" in pregnancy nutrition can not be ignored! It is not only vital to the health of the mother, but also plays an important role in the development and overall health of the baby.
The fourth treasure of pregnancy: the guardian star "vitamin D"
After collecting many clinical reports, pharmacist Zhao Shunrong said that there is enough evidence to show that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to the health of pregnant women and fetuses. Studies have shown that the blood concentration of D in early pregnancy >: 40 ng/mL can reduce pre-epilepsy, significantly reduce the risk of premature delivery, and alleviate neonatal allergies and asthma symptoms. In 20 16, Taiwan Province Pediatric Medical Association formally put forward the guidelines for infant nutrition: there were reports of vitamin D deficiency and rickets caused by exclusive breastfeeding. In order to maintain the concentration of vitamin D in infant serum, it is suggested that infants who are exclusively breastfed or partially breastfed should take 400IU of vitamin orally every day from the newborn.
The fifth treasure of pregnancy: eye care star "lutein"
Recent medical research has confirmed that lutein is absorbed by the fetus from the sixth month of pregnancy, and these precious nutrients become supplementary fuel for the growth of the fetus through the transportation of umbilical cord, but this mechanism will lead to the rapid consumption of lutein by the mother. The human body cannot synthesize lutein by itself, but depends on external sources "food" or "nutritional supplements". If lutein is not supplemented in time, pregnant women or lying-in women will often feel poor memory and poor spirit, which is one of the reasons for blurred vision.
During pregnancy or breastfeeding, more important vitamins and minerals should be supplemented.
Pregnant mothers should take protein, 14 vitamins (A, C, D, E, B 1, B2, nicotine B3, pantothenic acid B5, B6, biotin B7, bile, folic acid B9, B 12 and lutein) and 65438+. However, the requirement increases with the increase of calories and protein, and the lack of it will greatly affect the development of fetal brain.
For example, vitamin B deficiency during pregnancy can lead to fetal abnormalities and various symptoms of the mother, including alopecia, anemia, digestive problems, decreased immune response, weakness and fatigue. In particular, the lack or inappropriateness of B 12 may lead to fetal neural tube defects. For vegans, special attention should be paid to the supplement of vitamin B 12.
Clinical evidence of vitamin B6 supplementation in pregnant women shows that it can reduce the frequency of morning sickness.
In addition, there are related studies on vitamin B6. 20 15 Literature review on whether vitamin B6 can relieve morning sickness is published. In this therapeutic experimental study, the experimental group taking vitamin B6 must take 25 mg of vitamin B6 every 8 hours for 3 consecutive days and have a placebo as the control group. This study * * * integrated the control group of 199 early pregnant women into two experiments, and found that pregnant women who took vitamin B6 every day could reduce the number of morning sickness after 3 days.
Pharmacist Zhao Shunrong reminded that if you have nausea and vomiting in the first trimester, you should eat a small amount, choose low-fat food and don't have sex. Wake up in the morning and eat some whole grains, such as biscuits and steamed bread, to improve morning sickness. At the end of pregnancy, avoid excessive intake of carbohydrates and fat, leading to increased body fat.
Pharmacist Zhao Shunrong pointed out that women who are preparing for pregnancy should adjust their bodies to a healthy state and maintain their ideal weight. As a preparation for pregnancy, mommy and baby should win together at the starting point. If they have questions about their diet during pregnancy, they should consult a doctor, pharmacist or nutritionist to provide professional help.
During prenatal, pregnancy and postpartum periods, mothers need extra nutrients such as calories, protein, vitamins and minerals to meet the needs of maternal metabolism and fetal growth. At present, folic acid (vitamin B9) may be the most scientific, complete and consistent evidence of all pregnancy-related nutrition. The human body cannot synthesize lutein by itself, and it must rely on external sources "food" or "nutritional supplements" to obtain it. At present, there is enough evidence to show that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to the health of pregnant women and fetuses.