The healthy development of physiology and psychology is organically combined. Children aged 3-6 years are in a critical period of life development, during which good education in preschool education institutions is even more important. The purpose of kindergarten health education is not only to improve children's health knowledge and their attitudes towards personal health and public health, but also to cultivate children's behaviors and habits beneficial to personal and social health.
We should pay attention to children's mental health, cultivate children's optimistic, confident and strong personality, and guide them to correctly handle the relationship between people. In short, "kindergarten health education" is an education aimed at realizing children's physical and mental health, comprehensively improving children's health awareness and cultivating children's good habits, laying a solid foundation for children's healthy life in the future.
The kindergarten affiliated to the School of Preschool Education and Art of Chongqing Normal University, where the author works, attaches great importance to the healthy development of children's body and mind. We continue to explore and study, so that kindergarten health education has been at the forefront of kindergartens in southwest China and has been well received by many parties. Over the years, we have formed the characteristics of health education in our own kindergarten: physical health and mental health go hand in hand; Art and games make health education lively; Audio-visual media make health education intuitive and emotional. Now, share with you the experience of health education in our park.
First of all, physical health and mental health are complementary.
The goal of children's health education is to make children's physical and mental development reach the expected health level. The goal of children's health education in our garden can be summarized as three: (1) to promote the normal development of children's bodies, cultivate the habit of children's active participation in physical exercise and enhance their physique. (2) Help children acquire basic health knowledge and cultivate good living habits and initial self-protection awareness and ability. (3) Closely combine the characteristics of children's psychological development, and cultivate children's psychological qualities such as liveliness, cheerfulness, cooperation and openness.
How to choose the content of children's health education, we consider from the following two aspects: 1. Choosing educational content according to children's health status and its trend is closely related to children's physical and mental development and daily life experience. For example, children are obese, emaciated, crying, timid, etc., and relevant materials can be selected for targeted education. 2. Meet the child's acceptance ability. In the process of children's health education, the depth of content should conform to children's understanding and acceptance ability, and the necessary content should be presented in a way acceptable to children. For example, we ask our children not to be partial or picky about food. In fact, we want to explain that a "balanced diet" is good for health, but we can't tell children the truth of a "balanced diet" directly. We can only let children know the main characteristics of each food by introducing various foods, so that they will feel healthy only after eating everything.
Problems needing attention in health education for kindergarten teachers: 1. Teachers should accumulate solid scientific knowledge about children's physical health and mental health, which is the premise of health education. Children's health education has its own knowledge background, and the scientific and accurate information dissemination is emphasized in the implementation process. For example, to help children improve their understanding of the human body, teachers must master the corresponding knowledge, fully understand the names, structures, functions and protection of various organs and parts of the human body, and express them simply and clearly. Teachers must also be able to correct children's mistakes and vague answers in time. 2. In any health education activities, teachers must think clearly and express accurately. In the teacher's mind, "Why did you choose this topic today?" "What's the point?" "What is the problem to be solved?" We should have clear thinking and design the teaching language in advance. Whether the teacher's thinking is clear and accurate is directly related to the success or failure of children's health education activities. 3. Teachers should master and use some main methods to evaluate children's health education. For example, 1 self-report allows children to report personal knowledge, interests and behaviors related to health education programs, which are often used to understand children's eating habits, meal time and food preferences. 2. Questionnaire survey: parents and teachers were surveyed by questionnaire to understand the changes of children's knowledge, attitude and behavior before and after the implementation of health education.
Second, art and games make health education lively and fresh.
Some people say that children are born artists, and their psychological characteristics, such as the specific image in their memory, the uniqueness of their thinking and imagination, and the susceptibility to emotions, determine that children especially like artistic activities. Sweet music, beautiful pictures and good stories can attract children's attention. However, children's attention time is short, they are easily disturbed by various environmental factors, and their self-expression ability is weak, which should be paid more attention to. Games are children's basic activities. In the game, children can naturally reveal their inner psychological conflicts and emotions that cannot be expressed in words. In the game, children can feel and learn healthy attitudes, behaviors and habits freely and happily, and experience the happiness brought by physical and mental relaxation. Therefore, in children's health education, we should give full play to the role of music, art, dance and language art, closely combine art with games, create game situations for children, let children do what they want, understand and develop their own abilities in games, and cultivate good psychological quality, so as to better adapt to the real environment. For example, there are several children in a small class in kindergarten who are timid and cry. Teacher Wang Yuwei weaves activities with the fairy tale "Mr. Timid" to encourage young children to be bold and brave children. Let me take this teaching activity as an example to illustrate how art and games make a mental health education class lively, fresh and interesting.
1. Preparation of teaching AIDS: Build a beautiful house described in the fairy tale with building blocks, prepare a standing and movable Mr. Timid puppet, a big mouse made of cardboard, a nest of small mice and a nest of big mice, and arrange it into the scene in the fairy tale.
The teacher told the story vividly. Demonstrate teaching AIDS, let children remember the names of stories and the characters in fairy tales, and let children understand the stories preliminarily.
There is a gentleman who lives in a beautiful house. Because he is timid, everyone gave him a name, Mr. Timid.
One day, a big mouse broke into his house. Mr. Timid went to catch it at once and caught it in the basement.
Let me go,' said the Rat, struggling. "When I stamped my foot, the whole house collapsed."
Mr. Timid was afraid, so he let it go and let it live in the basement.
There is so much food in the basement. The mice are so happy to eat and drink. Later, the big mouse gave birth to a litter of little mice, and the little mice grew into big mice ... Soon, the basement was full of mice.
"No, no," the mouse shouted to Mr. Timid. "So many mice live in such a small basement, and it's unreasonable for you to live in so many rooms alone. You have to change houses. "
"Change houses?" Mr. Timid was surprised.
"Yes, change houses!" The mice said in unison.
Mr. Timid is afraid again.
The house has changed. Mr. Timid lives in the basement, and the mice live in all rooms. They sing and dance in the spacious living room, drink and eat in the delicious kitchen, and every day is like a festival.
"You should move out," the mouse shouted to Mr. Timid again. "Why do you always live in the basement? Do you deserve such a good basement? "
"What?" Mr. Timid stamped his left foot hastily, and the whole house shook slightly.
"no!" Mr. Timid stamped his right foot again angrily, and the whole house shook violently.
The mice were afraid. They thought there was an earthquake and ran around.
"Oh, I'm good!" Mr. Timid grabbed a broom, pounced here and pounded there, and the mouse squeaked away.
What happened to Mr. Timid? Can the child guess?
3. In the second story, the teacher asks the children questions, so that the children can express the actions of the characters described in the story easily and happily, and help them further understand the work and feel the theme. Question: (1) The mouse broke into Mr. Timid's house. What did Mr timid do? Why did Mr. Timid let the big mouse live in the basement?
(2) The big mouse wants to change houses with Mr. Timid. What is the attitude and practice of the big mouse? What is Mr. Timid's performance? What did the big mouse look like after the house was changed? Let children show the fierceness and pride of rats and the fear of timid gentlemen.
(3) The big mouse wants to drive away Mr. Timid. What happened to Mr. Timid? Let the children focus on the angry appearance of Mr. Timid and the brave behavior of chasing mice, so that the children can be inspired by the brave spirit of Mr. Timid. "I am very powerful!" " )
4. Make up the ending of the story. Review, say "Mr. Timid" again, and match it with "What happened to Mr. Timid? Can children guess? " Ask questions to guide the children to finish the story, imagine what Mr. Timid can do in the future, and find the result of the story development. You can ask questions to make children think and compose music, such as "Is Mr. Timid still afraid of mice?" "Mr. Timid grabbed a broom and let the mouse squeak away. What does Mr. Timid think? ""Does he want to be called Mr. Timid in the future? " The teacher chooses a story ending that conforms to the logic of the story and tells the fairy tale completely from beginning to end.
5. Organize children to discuss the characters and themes in fairy tales. The teacher asked the child a question: 1. Around the change of the relationship between Mr. Timid and the mouse, let the children tell their own experiences and feel the power of courage when listening to the story. 2. "What have you been afraid of? What are you afraid of? " The teacher also talked about the experience he had been afraid of and guided the children to get in touch with themselves. 3. "What should I do if I encounter something I am afraid of?" During the discussion, the teacher pointed out to the children: "When Mr. Timid realized that he was strong, he became brave." Help children come to the conclusion that "I am not a timid gentleman" and encourage children to be brave and strong.
Thirdly, audio-visual media make health education intuitive and emotional.
In the process of kindergarten health education, lively and interesting teaching methods and means are necessary conditions to achieve educational goals. Modern educational technology provides an effective carrier and technology for this. Modern educational media in modern educational technology-projection, TV, video, computer, etc. —— It has the advantages of vividness, image, strong appeal and easy to stimulate children's interest. It breaks the time and space restrictions and makes up for the lack of direct experience of children, thus encouraging children to actively participate in teaching activities. Therefore, in the process of education and teaching to help children acquire health knowledge and form healthy behaviors, properly grasping the educational opportunity and rationally using modern educational technology can make the use of means and target training harmonious and efficient.
For example, the theme of health education on tooth changing in our kindergarten is chosen when several children in the big class have started to change their teeth, and most of them have to change their teeth. In this way, using the personal experience of individual children to stimulate their interest can educate most people in advance and have a good effect on children's health education. At the same time, modern educational media are used to help children master health knowledge, and abstract and boring knowledge is moved to a vivid screen to make health education knowledge easy to understand. In order to let children know the importance of changing teeth and get through this period smoothly, we designed the topic "Baby needs to change teeth". Through the covering and twitching of the slide show, it shows why people change their primary teeth and grow their permanent teeth. Then play the video, let the children see the panic expression when they or their friends lose their teeth in daily life. The children's stored experience and emotional experience were activated. They talked excitedly about their personal feelings and discussed what we should do when changing teeth. After lively and pleasant discussions, they learned the knowledge of "why people change their teeth, it is not terrible to change teeth, and how to make permanent teeth grow healthily", which prompted them to establish a correct attitude and form a good habit of consciously protecting their teeth.
When using modern educational media to carry out health education for children, we also pay special attention to keeping up with the social impact on children. The influence of social and environmental factors on children's physical and mental health can not be ignored. For example, in view of social security problems, appropriate educational activities can be carried out in time to teach children some basic self-protection strategies, such as not eating strangers' food and not casually walking with others. What I remember most clearly is that Chongqing TV broadcasted a news survey about children's safety awareness. Strangers easily coax their children into opening a room on the pretext of checking the water and electricity meter and visiting their parents and friends. The children received them innocently and enthusiastically, and some children were tricked into leaving with strangers ... The next day, we recorded the festival, replayed it for the children, and then discussed whether the children in the TV program did it right. What should you do in these situations? Finally, play the simulation game "What should I do?" Intensive and interesting activities give children a vivid self-protection education.
There are still many problems to be solved in the field of children's health education. Our park will make full use of the good natural environment and perfect equipment advantages, continue to cooperate with experts and scholars of the college, explore the laws of health education, implement health education more effectively, and make the strategic research of health education more systematic, reasonable and perfect.