Obesity is not equal to illness.
How to determine whether you are obese? At present, the international body mass index (BMI) is usually used to measure whether our weight exceeds the standard. The calculation formula of body mass index is: weight (Kg)/ height (m)2. Body mass index 18.5~24.9 is normal weight, above 25 is overweight, and above 30 is defined as obesity. With the increase of body mass index, the incidence of obesity complications increases, such as hypertension, type II diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. However, is fat really unhealthy? The results of clinical research show that although some people are also defined as obese, and some people do suffer from the above and above complications, some people have normal blood sugar and blood lipid, and there are no other problems except obesity. Therefore, not all obese people will be healthy. In fact, when we use the body mass index to measure the degree of obesity, it is based on the assumption that adipose tissue is evenly distributed throughout the body, without considering that even if it is fat, the slight difference in its distribution position can affect the course of a healthy aircraft carrier. Doctors found that there are two kinds of people in clinic. One is that the body mass index is normal, but it still faces metabolic problems often caused by obesity. The other is that the body mass index is obese, but the metabolic level is completely normal. What causes metabolic disorders in people with seemingly normal weight?
The threat of visceral fat
After further examination of the body fat distribution of these two types of people, it is found that although the former is normal in weight, it has a lot of visceral fat, while the latter is overweight, but relatively less visceral fat. What is visceral fat? Generally speaking, the distribution of adipose tissue in the body is mainly concentrated in two places, that is, subcutaneous fat is located inside the skin, outside the abdominal cavity and chest cavity, while visceral fat is located in the abdominal cavity, around the omentum and mesentery.
The distribution of fat is closely related to gender, age, family inheritance, disease status and other factors. As early as 1947, French physician Jean Vague first discovered that patients with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are not necessarily fatter than healthy people, and obese people with fat concentrated in the abdomen are more prone to metabolic abnormalities. This discovery was questioned by various academic circles at that time. Then in the early 1980 s, Per Bj? Rntorp has published many research results continuously, pointing out that adipose tissue morphology, body shape and fat accumulation position are important influencing factors leading to systemic metabolic disorder, and the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (WHR) is closely related to the risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Therefore, obesity is not terrible, what is terrible is abdominal obesity that will lead to systemic metabolic problems! However, as to why visceral fat is more harmful than subcutaneous fat, basic researchers are still trying to find out. Because of the diverse types and complex functions of cells in adipose tissue, it is assumed that different parts of adipose tissue may have different types of cells and play different functions. In addition, compared with subcutaneous fat, free fatty acids produced by visceral fat decomposition and various substances secreted will quickly enter neighboring organs through blood, especially the liver, the most important metabolic organ in the whole body, so its abundance is closely related to our health.
Hello, fatty. Who are you? Where did it come from? What are you doing?
"Short, long, fat and thin, who dares to hate the flying swallow in Yuhuan", as time goes by, the aesthetic standards of society are changing, whether it is skinny flying swallow or plump Yuhuan, but the object of this aesthetic test is the "meat" that grows on people. Well-defined and elastic is "lean meat", which is called muscle in biological terms; It is "fat" that is vague, soft and piled up at will, which is biologically called adipose tissue. Today, "lose weight and gain muscle" is often hung on the lips of bodybuilders, meaning to reduce the accumulation of fat in the body and increase the content of lean meat, one for health and the other for beauty. So, what kind of existence is obesity, which is regarded as the root of all evil by many female compatriots?
Who are you?
As we all know, health can only be accompanied by maintaining the balance of various physiological processes in the body, such as water and salt balance and energy balance. As an important energy storage organ, adipose tissue plays an important role in maintaining energy balance in the body. When the energy intake exceeds the output, that is, eat more and exercise less, adipose tissue immediately stores excess energy in the form of triglycerides in the lipid droplets of adipocytes. When people are hungry for a long time and can't eat, these triglycerides will be broken down into fatty acids that can supply energy and transported to other organs in the body that need energy, such as muscles. Therefore, most adipose tissues store triglycerides, which is a storehouse of energy in the body. In the past, depending on the weather for food, fat was an important magic weapon for survival in case of famine.
Where are you from?
However, adipose tissue is not inherently capable of storage. Where is the source of its development? The development of adipose tissue generally goes through two stages. The first stage is the "identity-giving stage", that is, embryonic stem cells directionally develop into fat precursor cells with fat differentiation ability. Then there is the "identification stage", that is, when too much energy cannot be consumed, these fat precursor cells with fat storage potential will be stimulated by the surrounding environment and gradually differentiate into mature fat cells, and at the same time store excess energy to show their identity. As far as human beings are concerned, the obvious distribution of adipose tissue can be seen when the embryo develops to about three and a half months. From birth to about ten years old, adipose precursor cells will accumulate in adipose tissue, and the number of cells will remain until adulthood. For an adult, about 8% of fat cells are replaced every year.
Even more incredible, scientists detected PPAR in the adipose tissue of young mice by pedigree tracing technology. The labeled adipocytes have a physiological relationship with the vascular wall cells in adipose tissue. In addition, there is a vascular wall cell marker PDGFR? Some cell groups also have the ability to differentiate into mature fat cells. More experimental results also prove that the "primitive organ" of adipose tissue development may be the blood vessel wall!
Where will you belong?