How to promote the maintenance of teachers' mental health

How to promote teachers' mental health The standards of teachers' mental health include general mental health standards, as well as teachers' professional particularity, physiological-psychological symptoms, interpersonal problems, professional behavior problems and job burnout. To maintain and promote teachers' mental health from four aspects: social system, community, school and individual. According to statistics, at present, more than half of front-line teachers have psychological problems. Teachers' work pressure is great, and their psychological pressure is even greater, which is manifested in class entrance pressure, prestige pressure and social pressure. The survey produced an amazing result: 5 1.23% of primary and secondary school teachers have psychological problems. Among them, 32. 18% teachers belong to "mild mental disorder", 16.56% teachers belong to "moderate mental disorder" and 2.49% teachers have constituted "mental illness". First, the standard of teachers' mental health The so-called mental health refers to the sound state of individual physiology, psychology and social behavior. Mental health is an indispensable part of individual health. According to the definition of the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO), mental health refers not only to the absence of mental illness or abnormal conditions, but also to the perfection of individual personality and the full play of psychological potential, that is, to make one's mood enter the best state under certain objective conditions. At present, in China, mental health refers not only to the state of mental health, but also to the process of maintaining mental health, preventing psychological obstacles or behavioral problems, and then improving people's psychological quality in an all-round way. In fact, "mental health" is a very complicated concept, and different countries, nationalities and scholars have different opinions. A mentally healthy person can maintain a calm mood, keen intelligence, have behaviors that adapt to the social environment, and behave moderately; Mentally healthy people can stand the test of all kinds of temptations and troubles, as the British philosopher Bacon said: "Only by standing the test of all kinds of temptations and troubles can we achieve the most perfect mental health." People with mental health have a correct understanding of themselves, accept themselves, like themselves and have a positive self-concept; There is no contradiction between his true self and the role he plays, even between himself and his external self, that is to say, he is honest with himself; His attitude towards others is frank and warm. He loves and accepts others as himself. He is willing to participate in various activities, and is more willing to help others, share their sadness and share their happiness; He realizes his own value and constantly strives to improve the value of himself and others; He dares to face challenges and firmly believes that the purpose of life is to overcome all difficulties and create a better future; He is not only willing to accept change, but also actively promotes possible development; He doesn't shy away from his shortcomings. He knows that life is not perfect and satisfying. He tried to overcome difficulties, treat setbacks correctly, and strive to create the future. He has firm confidence in himself, trusts his intuition and his experience; His heart is open and he is willing to listen to other people's opinions; He is creative, not satisfied with his own achievements, not obsessed with memories of the past, not addicted to today's enjoyment; He is responsible, gregarious and energetic, and does not refuse the task he should complete; He is strict with himself, tolerant of others, and happy to get along with others, without belittling others or showing off himself. The above description of "mental health" is just one of many. Second, the factors affecting teachers' mental health There are many reasons for teachers' psychological problems, and the psychological conflict brought by teachers' multiple roles is an important reason for teachers' mental health problems. The nature of teachers' work determines that teachers should play multiple roles: imparting knowledge and managing students' activities; Students' friends and therapists; Interpersonal contacts need to deal with other teachers, parents of students and school leaders; At the same time, be a father, a mother and a son. Multi-directional role transformation is easy to cause teachers' psychological contradictions and conflicts, resulting in teachers' mental health problems. Since the level of teachers' mental health is an important reflection and indicator of teachers' psychological quality, what is the standard of teachers' mental health? We know that the standard of mental health is not static, and it will have different meanings with the progress of the times and the changes of society. We should make a more specific interpretation of teachers' mental health standards, so that they not only contain general mental health standards, but also reflect the particularity of teachers' profession. The standard of teachers' mental health should at least include the following points: 1. Recognize the role of teachers, be diligent in education and love education. 2. Have a good and harmonious interpersonal relationship. 3. Be able to know, experience and control yourself correctly. 4. Educational originality. 5, in educational activities and daily life can truly feel emotions and properly control emotions. Thirdly, maintaining and promoting teachers' mental health is an important aspect of teachers' quality. Promoting teachers' mental health is the need of implementing quality education, the guarantee of students' mental health development and the need of strengthening the construction of teachers' team. The main factors affecting teachers' mental health are social factors, professional factors and personal factors. Both society and schools should pay attention to teachers' mental health, and teachers themselves should also pay attention to their own mental health. To improve teachers' mental health, we should not only provide support and guarantee for teachers' work at the macro social system level, but also take comprehensive measures at the community, school and individual levels to reduce teachers' psychological pressure and improve teachers' coping ability. (1) Social system level. The work at this level is mainly to improve the social status of teachers through the formulation of various policies, promote the process of teacher specialization, and form a social atmosphere of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching. (2) Community level. This level mainly starts with the social support system to improve teachers' mental health. Social support system is an important external resource for individuals to cope with pressure. Individuals in the system can exchange all kinds of information, making them believe that they are cared for, loved, respected and valuable, and belong to a mutually beneficial social network. The indirect or direct promotion of social support system to mental health has long been confirmed by various studies. (3) School level. The causes of teachers' psychological problems are very complicated, but the direct causes are often the school situation and teaching activities. Therefore, social reform and support only provide the necessary premise for promoting teachers' mental health. To effectively help teachers improve their mental health, we must also start from the school and individual level. School-level measures emphasize structural changes in the working environment, such as reducing the ratio of students to teachers, shortening working hours, improving the sensitivity of administrators to teachers' pressure and other issues, improving group support, giving teachers more flexibility and autonomy in their work, and providing more pre-service and vocational training. (4) At the personal level. The main measure to promote teachers' mental health from the personal level is to improve teachers' stress coping skills. According to the research at home and abroad, the common methods to improve teachers' stress coping skills include relaxation training, time management skills, cognitive reconstruction strategies and reflection. Relaxation training is the most commonly used method to relieve teachers' psychological pressure. It refers not only to psychotherapy techniques, but also to various physical exercises, outdoor activities, hobbies and so on. Relieve nervous tension and regulate body and mind. Time management skills can make life and work more efficient, avoid overload, including organizing and budgeting time, prioritize goals, define goals, establish a realistic timetable, and set aside some time for yourself every day. Cognitive reconstruction strategies include psychological adjustment of one's own understanding and attitude towards stressors, such as learning to avoid some self-defeating cognition (such as "I must love every student fairly and make every student successful") and often praising oneself (such as "at least some students have learned a lot"); Learn to set realistic and flexible classroom goals and praise yourself for some successes. Reflection is also an effective way to promote teachers' mental health. It refers to the process of improving teaching ability, adjusting one's mood and teaching behavior through reflection on teaching experience, thus promoting teachers' mental health. This kind of reflection is not only a simple reflection, but also a way of thinking about educational problems, which requires teachers to make rational choices and take responsibility for these choices. Posner once put forward the formula of teachers' growth-growth = experience+reflection. If a teacher is only satisfied with gaining experience without in-depth reflection, then he will always stay at the level of a novice teacher. Reflective tendency is the core of expert teachers with high mental health level. Specifically, reflective training includes recording your own teaching experience and understanding every day and analyzing it with the instructor; Watch classes with expert teachers and then exchange views with each other; Investigate the problems encountered in the classroom. Finally, it needs to be pointed out that teachers' beliefs and professional ideals are important guarantees for teachers to maintain their mental health under pressure. Therefore, it is very important to improve teachers' mental health by strengthening correct educational concepts and positive teachers' beliefs and cultivating selfless and rational love and tolerance for students.