First, the first kind of mental health-psychological problems
To be diagnosed as a psychological problem, the following conditions must be met:
Inner conflict is caused by real life, work pressure and mistakes, negative emotions (such as boredom, regret, regret, self-blame, etc.). ) are experienced;
A bad mood lasts for a month or two, and it cannot be resolved by itself; Under a considerable degree of rational control, the negative emotional reaction always maintains its normal behavior and basically maintains its normal life, study and social interaction, but its efficiency has declined;
From beginning to end, the stimulating factors of bad emotions are limited to the initial events; Even other events related to the original event will not cause such bad feelings. A comprehensive description of "psychological problems" can be summarized and defined as follows:
"Psychological problems" are stimulated by realistic factors and last for a short time. Emotional reaction can be controlled by reason without seriously damaging social function, and emotional reaction has not been generalized to mental unhealthy state. As long as we distinguish and identify psychological problems from four dimensions: stimulus nature, reaction duration, reaction intensity and whether the reaction is universal or not. "
Second, the second kind of mental health-serious psychological problems
To be diagnosed as a "serious psychological problem", the following conditions must be met:
First, the reason is a powerful and threatening realistic stimulus. Different reasons for citing
Psychological disorders, respectively, experience different painful emotions (such as regret, injustice, loss, anger, sadness, etc. );
Second, from the beginning of painful emotions, painful emotions continue intermittently or continuously.
Two months to the first half of the year;
Third, the greater the stimulus intensity, the stronger the response. In most cases, this will be short-lived
Lose rational control; In the subsequent duration, the pain can gradually weaken, but it is difficult to get rid of it simply by relying on "natural development" or "unprofessional intervention"; It has a certain degree of influence on life, work and social interaction.
Fourth, painful emotions can not only be caused by the initial stimulus, but also be similar to the initial stimulus.
Similar and related stimuli can also cause this kind of pain, that is, the reaction object generalization.
The comprehensive description of psychological disorder can be summarized as follows, and the following definition is given: "Serious psychological problem" refers to the psychological unhealthy state with strong initial emotional response, long duration and comprehensive generalization. "Serious psychological problems" are sometimes accompanied by personality defects in one aspect. But the key issue is to distinguish it from neurosis. Professor Xu Youxin's diagnosis of neurosis focuses on "the essence of inner conflict" and "the process of disease". The psychological conflict of "serious psychological problems" is realistic (meaningful) or moral, lasting within one year; If within one year of "serious psychological problems", serious social function defects appear, we must be vigilant, consult and refer to suspected neurosis or other mental diseases.
Second, what are the manifestations of children's mental health?
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Children's psychological behavior can be manifested in their behavior, and some children have ADHD. Mainly active; Lack of concentration; Emotional fluctuation, poor self-control ability; Learning is seriously affected and so on. To be active, I like running, or climbing up and down, swinging my chair around, walking, shouting or talking, teasing others, and doing small things, such as biting pencils, nails and skirts. In terms of inattention, specifically speaking, you can't concentrate on listening in class, your attention is distracted, you are easily distracted by environmental interference, you look around in class, you are absent-minded or in a daze. In terms of poor self-control, specifically, it is childish and willful, with poor restraint and easy to get angry or impulsive. Emotional instability, shouting or crying over trifles, bad temper, often impulsive, regardless of the consequences, may suddenly make some dangerous moves.
2. Anxiety
Refers to a sudden state of fear without obvious physical reasons. The specific manifestations are lack of self-confidence, over-sensitivity, loss of appetite and crying for no reason. This kind of children are sensitive to unfamiliar environment, but they are afraid, even nervous, crying incessantly, often worried about being laughed at by others, paying too much attention to things that haven't happened yet, accompanied by unfounded troubles. I am also overly anxious about some trivial things in my daily life.
3. Fear and insomnia
Terror is manifested in the feeling of being afraid and running away from certain things or situations, such as fear of thunder and lightning, extreme nervousness and scurrying about. Children are also afraid of things that are not dangerous or basically not dangerous, and this fear is very prominent. Children avoid and shrink back because of fear. It is difficult for children with insomnia to fall asleep. They wake up from time to time, crying loudly, and even sleepwalking, but they can't remember it during the day, only feeling lack of energy and emotional instability.
attack
Such children run around all day, often play pranks and like to be sarcastic. If you don't cherish beautiful things, hitting people becomes a hobby and shows aggression.
5. Bad interpersonal relationships
Children's interpersonal relationship mainly refers to the relationship with parents, teachers and peers, which can reflect children's mental health. Children with mental health are willing to communicate with others, good at cooperating with peers and enjoying * * *, understanding and respecting others, generous and friendly to others, and easy to be understood and accepted by others. Children with unhealthy psychology generally have no harmonious interpersonal relationship, and often have communication obstacles with others because of personal mental health and other reasons. Can't cooperate with others, be indifferent to others, lack sympathy, suspicion, jealousy, retreat, can't be in a group, and don't fit in with others.
Third, what should I do if I am mentally unhealthy?
Ewing Weber and john morgan, famous American psychologists, with the assistance of American Psychological Association 159 psychologists, used the theory of human behavior pattern and psychological research results to conduct in-depth research on the "psychological adjustment techniques" used by many political elites and business elites in their daily lives, and made a detailed analysis and explanation of their psychological adjustment strategies.
1. The interesting thing about life is that it is an open process full of many uncertainties. Among them, there is the pain of failure, the joy of success, the stimulation of adventure and the profundity of thinking. Imagine, when our life lacks these, is it still worth pursuing and struggling?
2. Trust between people is mutual, and the stronger party must be the first to extend an olive branch to the other party. This kind of trust only reflects the essence of trust, because trust is not surrender.
3. To communicate and cooperate with others, you should learn to put yourself in the other person's shoes. First of all, we must have a broad mind. When misunderstood by others, don't argue for yourself and get emotional, but prove yourself with practical actions. Secondly, we should have a sense of the overall situation, consider the problem from the other side's point of view, and accept criticism actively and sincerely; Thirdly, we should have the courage of self-criticism; At the same time, we should be good at frank and open communication and enhance mutual understanding.
If you want to win the favor of others, you need to like others first. If you want to like others, you must see the advantages of each other.
Let others know that you have the same interests as them, which is very important for maintaining a good relationship. If you always talk big in conversation, you will be hated; If we are talking about topics of mutual interest, it will be much easier to narrow the distance between us.
6. People who are often surrounded by people with ulterior motives value sincere feelings and care between people more than people with humble status.
7. Work for yourself, and you will go it alone; If you work for others, there will be dozens or hundreds of people to help you-the basis of cooperation lies in * * * winning.
8. When a person concentrates on doing things, he will forget himself and forget too many right and wrong things attached to himself. And the habit of caring too much about your own interests will become an obstacle to your career.
9. Remember these two points when dealing with people: First, others are important; Second, it is also important to be yourself-treating others from an equal perspective will help you do things calmly.
10, the best way to overcome strong self-awareness is to pay more attention to others, their interests, wishes and actions, so as to temporarily forget themselves.
1 1. Criticism is like a dog. When it sees that you are afraid of it, it will chase you and threaten you more and more. But if you turn around and face him bravely, he will stop yelling, wag his tail and let you feel-how to deal with criticism and insult reflects a person's quality and philosophy of life.
12. Imagine that ten most prestigious painters get together, sit around the round table and draw an apple in the middle of the round table. What will happen? Everyone must draw a different apple, because everyone looks at the apple from different angles-stubbornly believing that their views on things are correct, and adopting a closed attitude towards others can only limit themselves-so listening more is more important than talking more.
4. What are the hazards of mental health?
The standard of mental health is relative, and basically reaching the standard is mental health.
Between mental health and mental illness, there are still quite a few people with psychological defects. This kind of people have one kind or another mental unhealthy performance, but they do not belong to the category of mental illness. We call this psychological transition state "psychological defect".
Mental illness: manifestations and harm of mental illness
The so-called psychological defect refers to the inability to maintain the balance ability of psychological adjustment and adaptation that normal people have, and the psychological characteristics obviously deviate from the mental health standards, but have not yet reached the level of mental illness. The consequence of psychological defects is social maladjustment. The most common psychological defects in real life and mental health work are personality defects and emotional defects.
A flaw in sb's character
Common personality defects are as follows:
Weak personality: such people lack energy and physical strength, are prone to fatigue, often complain of physical discomfort, and are prone to hypochondriasis. Emotions are often in an unpleasant state, lacking the courage to overcome difficulties. Such people are prone to psychological allergic reactions to mental stress and physical and mental contradictions, thus inducing psychological diseases.
Personality maladjustment: mainly manifested as social maladjustment. This kind of person's interpersonal relationship and adaptability to social environment are very poor, and his ability of judgment and discrimination is insufficient. Under the influence of bad social environment, bad behavior is easy to appear.
Paranoid personality: stubborn, sensitive, suspicious and easily jealous. Thinking is often self-centered and tends to blame others when things happen. If this psychological defect is not corrected, it will develop into paranoid psychosis.
Personality split: introversion, loneliness and shyness, apathy. Social adaptability and interpersonal relationship are poor. Like to be alone. This psychological defect can easily develop into schizophrenia.
Explosive personality: usually, personality is sticky and inflexible, and it will cause explosive anger or excitement when it encounters minor stimulation.
Compulsive personality: compulsive pursuit of self-safety and physical health. There may be different degrees of obsessive-compulsive ideas and behaviors. People with obsessive-compulsive personality are prone to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
In daily life, parents and friends should give their children a good mental health from an early age. Generally speaking, it is easy to give them mental health, affect their lives, and do many kinds of harm.