Patients suffering from occupational diseases must be employees of employers such as enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations. They may not suffer from occupational diseases when exposed to occupational hazards, and work-related diseases may not all be occupational diseases. Occupational diseases have their specific scope, that is, statutory occupational diseases stipulated by the state. All patients with statutory occupational diseases can enjoy the occupational disease treatment prescribed by the state according to law.
Occupational hazards in the workplace can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources:
1. Harmful factors in the production process: such as lead, benzene series, chlorine, mercury and other productive poisons; Productive dust, noise, ionizing radiation and infectious pathogens;
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: such as unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, excessive labor intensity or improper production quotas, and mental (psychological) occupational stress of workers; Being in bad posture or posture for a long time, or using unreasonable tools to work, etc.
3. Harmful factors in the production environment: including the role of natural environmental factors, such as high temperature radiation in hot season and poor ventilation caused by closed doors and windows in cold season; Unreasonable plant construction or layout, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop being arranged in one workshop, and unreasonable production technology causing environmental pollution.
Question 2: What is an occupational disease? What are the hazards that cause occupational diseases? Occupational disease refers to the diseases caused by workers in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their professional activities.
Hazard factors leading to occupational diseases:
1. Physics: GBZ2-2-2007
2. Chemistry: GBZ2- 1-2007 339 kinds +47 kinds of dust.
3. Biology: GBZ 2- 1-2007 Two species: Beauveria bassiana spores and subtilisin.
Question 3: What are the occupational hazards? According to the Classification Catalogue of Occupational Hazards in state administration of work safety, occupational hazards are divided into four categories, 14 1. One is productive dust 14; Second, chemical poisons 1 13; Third, there are nine physical factors; Fourth, there are five biological factors. The specific catalogue classification can be downloaded from the website of the State Administration of Work Safety.
Question 4: What are the occupational hazards and occupational eye diseases? (1) Hazard factors leading to chemical eye burns: occupational diseases that may be caused by sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, phenol and hydrogen sulfide. (2) Hazard factors leading to electro-optic ophthalmia: occupational diseases that may be caused by ultraviolet rays. (3) Hazard factors leading to occupational cataract: radioactive substances, * * *. Possible occupational diseases: occupational cataract, ear, nose, throat and oral cavity (1); occupational diseases lead to noise deafness; (2) occupational diseases lead to chrome nose disease; (3) occupational diseases lead to tooth erosion; occupational diseases caused by cyanogen fluoride, sulfuric acid fog, nitric acid fog and hydrochloric acid fog; tumor factors of tooth erosion (/kloc-0) Risk factors of lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos: possible occupational diseases caused by asbestos: lung cancer caused by asbestos, Mesothelioma (2) Risk factors for bladder cancer caused by benzidine: occupational disease caused by benzidine: bladder cancer caused by benzidine (3) Risk factors for benzene-induced leukemia (4) Risk factors for lung cancer caused by chloromethyl ether: occupational disease caused by chloromethyl ether: lung cancer caused by chloromethyl ether (5) Risk factors for arsenic: occupational disease caused by arsenic: lung cancer caused by arsenic and hepatic angiosarcoma caused by vinyl chloride: occupational disease caused by vinyl chloride: liver caused by vinyl chloride. Risk factors of lung cancer in coke oven workers: occupational diseases caused by coke oven smoke: lung cancer in coke oven workers (8) risk factors of lung cancer in chromate manufacturing workers: occupational diseases caused by chromate: other hazards of lung cancer in chromate manufacturing workers (1) Occupational diseases caused by zinc oxide: metal smoke fever. (2) Occupational diseases caused by toluene diisocyanate: occupational asthma; (3) Occupational diseases caused by thermophilic actinomycetes: occupational allergic alveolitis; (4) Occupational diseases caused by cotton dust: cotton dust disease; (5) Occupational diseases (oppression and friction) caused by bad working conditions: synovitis of underground coal miners.
Question 5: What is the identification of occupational hazard factors? Under the guidance of scientific occupational health theory, the identification of occupational hazard factors is to identify, identify, analyze and predict the location, mode, occurrence path and change law of occupational hazard factors in construction projects and workplaces with scientific methods, and to describe them accurately, express them clearly with qualitative and quantitative concepts, and explain them with logical theories. The classification of occupational hazard factors can usually be classified according to their sources, or refer to the Catalogue of Occupational Hazard Factors promulgated by the Ministry of Health. 1. According to the sources of occupational hazards, it can be divided into three categories: ① Harmful factors in the production process, mainly including chemical factors, physical factors and biological factors. Chemical factors mainly include productive poisons (such as metals and nonmetals, * * * gases, asphyxiating gases, etc. ) and productive dust (such as silica dust, coal dust, asbestos dust, etc. Physical factors mainly include abnormal meteorological conditions (such as high temperature, high humidity, low temperature, high and low air pressure, etc.). ), noise and vibration, ionizing radiation (such as x-rays, gamma rays, etc.). ) and non-ionizing radiation (such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio frequency radiation, laser, etc. ). Biological factors mainly include Bacillus anthracis, Brucella, forest encephalitis virus, fungi and parasites. ② The harmful factors in the labor process mainly include unreasonable labor organization and system; The work and rest system is unreasonable; Excessive labor intensity or improper production quotas; Mental (psychological) occupational stress; Excessive stress in individual organs or systems; Being in a bad state for a long time or using unreasonable tools. (3) Harmful factors in the production environment mainly include harmful factors in the natural environment, such as heatstroke caused by long-term solar radiation in hot seasons; And the building or layout of the factory building is unreasonable, such as insufficient lighting, poor ventilation, toxic and non-toxic, high-toxic and low-toxic operations arranged in the same workshop. There is also air pollution in the working environment. The second is the classification of occupational hazards in projects listed in the Administrative Measures for Classification of Occupational Hazards in Construction Projects and the Catalogue of Occupational Hazards promulgated by Order No.49 of the Ministry of Health in 2006. The measures stipulate that the factors that may cause serious occupational hazards include the following contents: ① chemical factors listed in the Catalogue of Highly Toxic Substances; (2) asbestos fiber dust and dust containing more than 65438+/-00% free silica; ③ Radioactive factors: nuclear facilities, irradiation processing equipment, accelerators, radiotherapy devices, industrial flaw detectors, oilfield logging devices, Class A open radioisotope workplaces, radioactive material storage and other devices or places; (4) Other factors stipulated by the Ministry of Health that should be included in the scope of serious occupational hazards. The measures also stipulate that projects that may cause occupational hazards refer to projects that have or produce occupational hazard factors listed in the Catalogue of Occupational Hazard Factors. According to the classification catalogue of occupational hazards, it can be divided into the following 10 categories: ① dust category. Including silicon dust, coal dust, asbestos dust, talc dust, cement dust, aluminum dust, welding dust, casting dust and other dust. ② Radioactive substances. Including all kinds of radioactive substances and other radioactive injuries that may lead to occupational diseases. ③ chemical substances. Include lead, mercury, manganese, cadmium, vanadium, phosphorus, arsenic, hydrogen arsenide, chlorine, sulfur dioxide, phosgene, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, benzene, dichloroethane, nitrobenzene, acrylamide and the like. ④ Physical factors. Include high temperature, high pressure, low pressure, local vibration, etc. ⑤ Biological factors. Include Bacillus anthracis, forest encephalitis virus and Brucella. ⑥ Risk factors leading to occupational dermatosis. Including contact dermatitis, photosensitive dermatitis, electro-optic dermatitis, acne, ulcers, chemical skin burns and other occupational skin diseases. ⑦ Risk factors leading to occupational eye diseases. Including chemical eye burns, electro-optic ophthalmia, occupational cataracts and other harmful factors. ⑧ Risk factors leading to occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases. Including noise deafness, chrome nose disease, tooth erosion and other harmful factors. Pet-name ruby risk factors leading to occupational tumors. Include asbestos, benzidine, benzene, chloromethyl ether, arsenic, vinyl chloride, coke oven waste gas and chromate. Attending other occupational hazards. Including zinc oxide, toluene diisocyanate, cotton dust and harsh working conditions. The identification methods of occupational hazard factors mainly include comparative experience method and detection and inspection method. Comparative experience method is that the appraisers identify and analyze the possible occupational hazards in the project to be evaluated according to their own practical work experience and relevant professional knowledge, laws, regulations and standards related to occupational health, and with the help of experience and judgment ability. Test methods shall be determined by appraisers according to relevant national technologies. & gt
Question 6: How do occupational hazards enter the human body? Occupational hazards are mainly divided into physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors. It mainly affects human health through breathing, ingestion and skin contact.
Question 7: Classification of occupational hazard factors What are the main occupational hazard factors, including the following categories:
Chemical factors, including dust, poisons, etc.;
Physical factors, including noise, high temperature, ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.
Biological factors, mainly pathogenic microorganisms.
Question 8: What are the main occupational hazards in the workplace? Occupational hazard factors in the workplace can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources: (1. Harmful factors in the production process: (1) Chemical factors: productive poisons, such as lead, benzene series, chlorine, mercury, etc. Productive dust, such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, organic dust, etc. (2) Physical factors: mainly abnormal meteorological conditions such as high temperature, high humidity and low temperature; Abnormal air pressure, such as high air pressure and low air pressure; Noise and vibration; Non-ionizing radiation, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, laser, radio frequency radiation, etc. X-ray and other ionizing radiation. (3) Biological factors: such as anthrax and Brucella on animal fur; Other infectious pathogens, such as forest encephalitis virus. (2) Harmful factors in the labor process: (1) unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, etc. (2) Mental (psychological) occupational stress; (three) the labor intensity is too high or the labor quota is improper, and it is impossible to reasonably arrange the work suitable for the physical condition of the workers; (4) Excessive strain on other organs or systems, such as poor eyesight; (5) Bad posture or unreasonable tools used for a long time. (3) Harmful factors in the production environment (1) The role of natural environmental factors, such as high temperature radiation in hot season, closed doors and windows and poor ventilation in cold season; (2) The building or layout of the workshop is unreasonable, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop are arranged in the same workshop; (3) Environmental pollution caused by unreasonable production technology.
Question 9: What are the common occupational hazards? Occupational hazards include the following categories:
Chemical factors, including dust, poisons, etc.;
Physical factors, including noise, high temperature, ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.
Biological factors, mainly pathogenic microorganisms.
Question 10: What are the occupational hazard factors? According to their sources, occupational hazard factors can be divided into the following three categories:
(A) harmful factors in the production process
1, chemical factors: including many chemicals and productive dust in the production process.
2. Physical factors: including abnormal meteorological conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation, etc.
3. Biological factors: infectious pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis, Brucella and forest encephalitis virus.
(B) harmful factors in the process of labor
It mainly includes unreasonable labor organization and labor system, excessive labor intensity, excessive mental or psychological tension, excessive tension of individual organs or systems during labor, long-term bad labor, unreasonable labor tools and so on.
(c) Harmful factors in the production environment
It mainly includes the production environmental pollution caused by natural environmental factors, unreasonable factory buildings or layout, and other harmful factors discharged in the production process.