We believe that there are some problems in preschool mental health education:
1, pay attention to physical health and take three physical indicators as the standard of children's health. At present, many kindergartens often measure children's height, weight and hemoglobin as the basis for measuring their health. From kindergarten managers to teachers and even parents, they all attach great importance to this. Kindergarten managers have formulated a series of strict measures to ensure that the physical examination of kindergartens can meet the national standards; Doctors are very concerned about the incidence and nutrition calculation of the whole park; In order to complete the kindergarten examination, teachers have made great efforts in eating, taking a nap and exercising outdoors. Parents pay special attention to the child's weight or height, whether the kindergarten's dietary distribution is reasonable, and so on. This is undoubtedly necessary, but obviously, mental health education is not in its proper position.
2. Only pay attention to the well-developed children and ignore the relatively backward children. In the observation, we found that some teachers often give more opportunities to the well-developed children in the class in various activities, but pay little attention to the relatively backward children in the class, which affects the formation of their self-confidence.
3. Pay more attention to the cultivation of children's knowledge and skills, ignoring the cultivation of children's emotions, emotions, attitudes and social communication skills. Parents generally pay more attention to the cultivation of children's knowledge and skills to teachers. Most kindergartens offer special classes such as English and art, and parents send their children to various special classes with great enthusiasm. Some even ignore interest and endurance, and have full guidance classes every day. Don't care much about children's emotions, emotions, attitudes, etc.
4. Only pay attention to the creation of a beautiful and high-grade material environment, ignoring the construction of good interpersonal atmosphere and teacher-student relationship. With the improvement of economic level, some kindergartens now pay more and more attention to optimizing the activity environment with high-grade materials, providing children with too many high-structure materials and ignoring low-structure materials; Kindergarten managers regard the creation of environment as an important index to evaluate teachers' work, but generally do not put forward too high requirements for the interpersonal relationship between teachers and children in the class.
5. Only pay attention to the education in kindergarten, ignoring the influence of family education and social and cultural environment. In China, many kindergartens still only pay attention to the education in the park, and how to extend education to families and communities has not been widely concerned.
Various phenomena show that children's mental health education generally has vague understanding from managers to teachers and parents, and even goes astray in some aspects. The understanding of health is very one-sided, ignoring the importance of mental health. So, what is the standard of health? What is the scope of health education? Combined with the interpretation of the new Outline, we have a deeper understanding of the meaning of "health". At the same time, let us accept the "shock" and "shock" of modern health concept again.
Second, the essence of "health education" in the new Outline
1, the new "Outline" clearly puts forward "establishing a correct view of health", which helps people to overcome one-sided understanding of children's health and has important guiding significance for children's health education.
Health is the most basic requirement of human beings and the most important social goal. However, people's understanding of what health is is not completely consistent. In many people's minds, when it comes to health, it is understood that the body is not sick and the body is strong. This simple view of physical health is one-sided and ignores the importance of mental health. In children's health education, the emphasis on children's physical health education and the lack of children's mental health education are not conducive to children's all-round physical and mental development. Therefore, how to overcome the one-sidedness of the traditional health view, establish a correct health view, and completely separate health from the management scope of health care work is an important problem that needs to be solved in our current work.
The so-called correct "health concept" not only refers to the physical health of children, but also includes their mental health. Child health is the organic unity of physical and mental health. The "correct view of health" emphasizes the integrity of health, which is consistent with the new understanding of health in the international community.
2. The new outline clearly brings mental health into the category of children's health, scientifically reveals the connotation of children's health, and has a key guiding significance for children's mental health education.
The new "Outline" puts forward that "we should attach great importance to children's mental health while attaching importance to children's physical health". Physical health is the material basis of mental health, and unhealthy body will bring many psychological diseases; On the other hand, psychological problems will also affect health and lead to many diseases. As someone said, "physical health depends largely on mental health", and the slogan of the World Health Organization is "half health is mental health". From the psychological point of view, the educational process is a process of adopting correct educational strategies and means to promote the healthy development of children's psychology on the basis of their existing psychological development level and according to their psychological needs. Chengdu Daily reported on June 6th, 2003 that "five-year-old children suffer from schizophrenia". According to reports, 1 5-year-old children suffered great physical and mental injuries due to the threat of corporal punishment by individual teachers, and abnormal emotions appeared in the park, which made the children miss the best treatment period. The court ruled that due to improper educational methods, children's personal dignity was not fully respected, which violated their physical and mental development and damaged their healthy development. Kindergarten has an unshirkable responsibility, which leads to legal recourse. This case has sounded the alarm for our kindergarten teachers, and we must not take it lightly.
After learning the new syllabus, we very much agree with the concept of "paying equal attention to body and mind" put forward in the syllabus, and think that psychological adaptation is the key to children's physical and mental health. The criteria for further understanding of children's mental health are: normal cognitive development, mild emotional response, harmonious interpersonal relationship and good personality characteristics. In the process of cultivating children's healthy psychological quality, we must start with children's age characteristics, take emotion, self-confidence and cooperation consciousness as the key breakthrough of children's psychological education, and integrate them into kindergarten education goals.
Third, effective ways to carry out children's mental health education
(1) Actively create a safe and warm healthy psychological environment.
The environment has an important influence on whether children can live a healthy life. The younger the child is, the more important the psychological environment is than the material environment. Homelinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, pointed out that "education-first of all, is the spiritual contact between teachers and children." In other words, the communication between teachers and children is the premise and foundation of education. Teachers should "communicate with children with care, acceptance and respect". If the teacher is physically close to the child, but his heart is far away, he is always treated coldly. Without the support and help of the teacher, the child will gradually lose trust in the teacher and feel insecure. If you satirize, dig at or laugh at children in public, it will damage their personality and make them lose their self-esteem; Children who grow up in criticism will not have self-confidence if they are not affirmed for a long time. Therefore, teachers should stand on the child's point of view and observe the child's childlike needs. At the same time, create a harmonious class environment for children and encourage the relationship between teachers and children equally. For example, in the activity area, a parent-child area, a chat room and an entertainment world can be added for freshmen to fully express their feelings and enhance the communication space. Making children feel that living in a safe and warm atmosphere is helpful to their emotional stability and happiness. Therefore, teachers must give children practical exercise opportunities, let them complete some simple tasks independently, give them full expression of their emotional atmosphere, respect their opinions, encourage their positive behavior, and let them feel their abilities in practice, thus improving the level of self-evaluation. In short, teachers should be good at grasping the bright spot of each child, guiding them to see their own progress, making them believe in their own advantages and strengths, enhancing their self-confidence and creating an optimistic and positive spiritual atmosphere.