On Self-consciousness and Mental Health (I)
The Influence of Self-consciousness on College Students' Mental Health
Abstract: The mental health of college students depends on the development of mental health self-awareness and self-education.
Keywords: the development of college students' mental health self-awareness
Mental health refers to the continuous mental state, and the mental health standard is the concretization of the concept of mental health. What is Maslow's mental health standard summarized from the life course of successful celebrities? Elite standards? In his view, a person with self-realization ability is a mentally healthy person. Psychiatrists believe that anyone who has no psychological symptoms is mentally healthy. What is this? Key criteria? Low level of health. Face up to reality and self, self-knowledge, self-esteem and self-acceptance, and self-adjustment ability have become the knowledge of domestic and foreign scholars about mental health standards.
First, the meaning and division of self-awareness
Self-awareness is people's understanding of their own existence, including understanding their own physical condition, psychological characteristics and the relationship with others.
Self-awareness can be divided into material self, social self and spiritual self. Material self is a person's own body consciousness, such as body, clothes, money, etc. Social self is a person's role consciousness in social relations and interpersonal relationships; Spiritual self is the consciousness of one's own psychological activities. According to the function of self-awareness, it includes two aspects: first, positive self-awareness, including self-confidence, self-esteem, sense of responsibility and obligation; Second, negative self-awareness, including inferiority and self-denial. According to the concept of self-awareness, it can be divided into three categories: self-realization, self-projection and ideal self.
Second, the psychological characteristics of college students
The psychological characteristics of college students can lay the foundation for growth and development, and also become the reason that puzzles college students' psychology, which is mainly manifested in:
1. Remarkable intellectual development
College students' abstract thinking ability occupies a dominant position, and their thinking independence, criticism and creativity are significantly improved. They begin to think about life and the world, and like to question and argue. Because the solution of these problems is a process full of contradictions, they are often confused and uneasy about it. This kind of psychological pressure can be both the driving force of development and the resistance in learning progress.
Step 2 Enhance self-awareness
Students begin to pay attention to their inner world and personality quality. However, due to the primary stage of the development of self-awareness, the evaluation of self and others is often one-sided, emotional and fluctuating, and it is very sensitive to the evaluation given by people around it, which is easy to produce psychological fragility due to the immature development of self-awareness. Therefore, the key to college students' mental health is to know themselves correctly, be confident and strong, and adjust themselves.
3. The contradiction between emotional development and reality
Because college students have strong self-esteem and are unwilling to reveal their thoughts, feelings and personal secrets to others, self-isolation sometimes leads to loneliness; They are eager to be independent and have a strong? Weaning? Desire, but lack of experience, complex and unfamiliar environment leads to lack of confidence; Emotional instability, easy to be emotional, not good at regulating the relationship between emotion and reason; They are full of illusions and longings for the future, but underestimate the difficulties and obstacles in reality. They are often confused by studies, employment, love, unhealthy trends, frustrated and easily pessimistic. If these contradictions are not solved continuously, it will make college students lose their psychological balance.
In the process of college students' growth and discovery, these psychological characteristics are the root of psychological pressure and conflict, and these contradictions and pressures will gradually mature and be alleviated with the psychological characteristics of college students. The effectiveness of its adjustment depends on the development of students' self-awareness, or the accurate grasp of true self, self-projection and self-understanding; The key to solving college students' psychological problems lies in the orientation of college students' outlook on life and the formation of values. Mental health reflects a person's healthy attitude towards life. Mentally healthy people have an open and optimistic attitude towards life, they look at the world with a positive eye, they are full of altruism, they pursue noble goals in life and give up doing it in the face of reality? Perfect superman? This idea. In the final analysis, mental health is a reflection of life attitude.
People usually regard balance and adaptation as the characteristics of mental health, but? Adapt? Doesn't mean. Obey? ,? Balance? Doesn't mean you have nothing in your heart? Conflict? . A positive and healthy attitude should be a desire for the challenge of life, without pressure, conflict and pain, and seeking the fullness and meaning of life is not permanent. The mental health of college students should be manifested in the dynamic balance between individuals and reality, effective self-regulation for the purpose of achieving lofty life goals, and inner balance, harmony and normal development.
Facing the contradictory daily life, taking life goals as the direction and carrying out effective self-regulation are important conditions for maintaining mental health. Therefore, self-knowledge, self-esteem and self-acceptance are not only the standards of mental health, but also the important contents of mental health education. Improving college students' self-awareness will help them to have a more scientific and clear understanding of the subject, thus improving their self-evaluation and self-education ability, solving psychological contradictions and conflicts with a positive attitude and achieving a positive psychological balance. Mental health is a state and a process. Self-awareness is a mirror of people's spiritual life, and the healthy development of self-awareness is the premise of mental health, which will play a positive role in promoting college students' mental health.
The second paper on self-awareness and mental health
Self-awareness and self-development
Abstract: The problem of human subjectivity has become a hot topic in current philosophical research. Hot spot? . To study this question, people should first think and answer: what is the essence of human beings? Why can people become the main body? What are the essential characteristics of human being as the subject? In the discussion of these issues, people often intentionally or unintentionally avoid a very important issue, that is, the study of human self-consciousness ignores that self-consciousness is one of the subjective characteristics of human beings. But it is precisely because of people's self-awareness that talents become people, the subject of conscious practice and the subject of social history. If we leave people's self-consciousness, people's subjective position will not be fully explained because of the loss of its inherent essential provisions.
Keywords: psychology; Self-awareness; personality development
First,? Self? Connotation analysis of
When people study self-awareness, what comes to mind first? Self? ,? Self-awareness is the self-reflection and understanding of the subject. The study of self-consciousness requires us to be correct. Self? Let's make a basic analysis of this concept first.
? Self? English equivalent of "self" or "ego" In the process of real self-knowledge, self? Is it characterized by dual identity, that is, overall unity? Self? Divided into two parts:? My theme? With what? My date? . In the article "The Initial Establishment of Self-consciousness", the differentiation of subject and object makes human beings have the initial difference between themselves and the outside world, self-consciousness and hazy self-consciousness. However, it should be pointed out that this kind of self-awareness is very primitive and extremely abstract. To really deepen and expand self-awareness, it depends on the further development of the subject's consciousness? Self? Distinguish the subject and object of consciousness. So, if the dichotomy of subject and object is the first foundation of self-awareness, then? Obey me? With what? Against me? The separation of ideas is the second and most realistic premise of self-awareness. Because the separation of subject and object is the first step towards human self-awakening, but at that time I was only very abstract against everything outside (the whole), which was the primary stage of human self-awareness. If we want to separate opposites from this abstract subject and object and develop into vivid and concrete self-consciousness, we must have? Self? The double division of itself:? Obey me? With what? Against me? Separation. Therefore, this dual differentiation of self itself is the second step of self-awareness, which is also the realistic condition. Here we can see that the contradictory movement and development of subject and object constitute the basic skeleton of the internal movement of self-consciousness.
So-called? Obey me? That is, I am aware of my activities and behaviors. Against me? It is the state of physical and mental activities of the observed and recognized self. American anthropologist Meade called the former me and the latter me.
Second, the factors affecting self-awareness
There are many factors that affect the development of self-awareness. The research mainly focuses on the following three aspects: age, gender and family socio-economic status.
Many research results show that age affects students' self-awareness. First of all, self-awareness is constantly developing and changing with the growth of age and experience. Marsh, Shavelson and Hater assume that the middle stage of adolescence is the most unstable stage of self-awareness. Piers and Harris( 1964) confirmed that students in grade three and grade five scored much higher on the self-awareness scale than students in grade six. China scholar Yang Shantang's research shows that the second grade of junior high school is a critical period for the development of self-awareness. Yang Xinde's research found that the second grade of junior high school may be an important period for the development of self-awareness.
In terms of gender differences, Piers and Harris did not find any substantial influence on self-concept among students of the same grade. Wylier's review papers include topics ranging in age from 6 to 50. She said that in the papers she read, there is no reliable evidence that age and gender have a positive or negative impact on the overall self-awareness. China scholar Yang Xinde's research shows that there are gender differences in the development of junior high school students' self-awareness, and boys are slightly higher than girls. Yang Shantang's research also found that there are significant gender differences in the development of junior high school students' self-awareness. However, the research results of Han and others show that the development level of female students' self-awareness is higher than that of male students, and the difference between male and female students has not reached a significant level.
Differences in family socio-economic status. Davis and Greenberg did a study among junior students. They found that students with good grades scored higher than those with poor grades in evaluating their three aspects-personal ability, academic ability and social ability. Taliuliag and Gama also conducted a study among students from low-income families. The results show that students with excellent grades score higher in self-awareness. The research of Yang Shantang in China shows that there are significant differences between urban and rural areas in the development of junior middle school students' self-awareness. However, Han's research found that the development level of self-awareness of urban children in China is basically the same as that of rural children, and there is no significant difference. Although scholars' research mainly focuses on the above three aspects, whether there are gender and urban-rural differences in the level of self-awareness development is still controversial and needs further investigation and discussion. In addition, the research on the influence of regional differences, national culture and environment on the development of self-awareness is also involved, but it is few.
Third, self-development
Self-development is the coordinated development of different levels of self. There is no fixed boundary for self-development, but it is the coordination at different levels that affects the actual level of self-development. It is the influence of social life itself that determines the coordination in development. There are many different fields in social life, which play different roles in people's survival and development. But their influence on different levels of self is not single, but comprehensive. Timely, correct and effective acceptance of these influences will contribute to coordination at all levels of development. Secondly, what is more important is the transformation between different levels. In the process of its development, different levels of self will encounter difficulties, contradictions and obstacles. In this case, people will explore the causes of obstacles at other levels according to the interrelated logic between different levels. Once these reasons are discovered or eliminated, the difficulties in the development of this layer will be eliminated. Because of the realistic character of social self, there are most difficulties and obstacles, which often appear in social self. At this time, people feel contradictions and difficulties in interpersonal relationships and crowd activities. At this time, people will not only look for the causes of contradictions from social life itself, but also from people's material and spiritual self, so that problems and difficulties can be solved and normal development can continue. This transformation is also the movement and transformation of the object of self-consciousness between the two fields. We often start with changing our attitudes and principles towards others, and finally achieve the improvement of interpersonal relationships and activities. This is the most typical and common example of the transformation from one self to another.
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In a word, scholars' research on self-consciousness has made great contributions to the in-depth study of self-consciousness, from simple theoretical discussion and description to the combination of theoretical discussion and investigation, from large-scale cooperative research to psychologists' personal exploration. But self-awareness is not a simple problem, and many problems need further study.
References:
Zhou Xiaohong. Modern social psychology [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 199 1.
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[3] Left. The development of self-consciousness and the characteristics of adolescence [J]. Journal of Psychology, 1985.