Green lighting concept
brief introduction
1. The green lighting project requires people not to be limited to energy-saving knowledge, but to promote it to the height of energy-saving and environmental protection, which will have a broader and far-reaching impact. Green lighting project is not only a problem of economic benefit, but also a big problem of resource utilization and environmental protection. Saving lighting electricity to reduce power generation, and then reducing coal consumption (more than 70% of power generation in China still depends on coal burning), and reducing the emissions of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide will help solve the environmental and development problems facing the world.
2. The lighting energy-saving required by the green lighting project is not completely energy-saving in the traditional sense, which has been clearly described in the purpose of China's "Green Lighting Project Implementation Plan", that is, to meet the higher requirements of lighting quality and visual environment conditions. Therefore, to realize lighting energy saving, we should make full use of modern scientific and technological means to improve the design level, orientation and efficiency of lighting equipment.
3. Efficient lighting equipment is an important basis for lighting energy saving, but lighting equipment is not only a light source, but the light source is the primary factor, which has been recognized by people, but it is not the only one. The efficiency of lamps and electrical accessories (such as ballasts) can not be ignored, which is often ignored by people. For example, lamps with diffusers or straight tubular fluorescent lamps with grids are 50% more efficient than low-quality products. The implementation of green lighting requirements plays a decisive role; In addition, operation and maintenance management also plays an important role.
4. The implementation of green lighting project cannot be simply understood as providing efficient and energy-saving lighting equipment. Efficient equipment is an important material foundation, but there should also be correct and reasonable lighting engineering design. Design is in charge of the overall situation and plays a decisive role in the implementation of green lighting requirements; In addition, operation and maintenance management also plays an important role.
5. Efficient light source is the primary factor of lighting energy saving, and the popularization and application of efficient light source must be paid attention to. However, some people simply understand the promotion of efficient light sources as the promotion of energy-saving lamps (energy-saving lamps here refer to compact fluorescent lamps), which is very incomplete and harmful, because there are many types of light sources, and many efficient ones should be promoted. In terms of energy conversion efficiency, some are equivalent to compact fluorescent lamps (such as straight tube fluorescent lamps) and some are higher than them (such as high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps). These high-efficiency light sources have their own characteristics and advantages, and each has its own applicable place, which is by no means a kind of energy-saving light source that can be simply replaced. According to different application conditions, at least three efficient light sources should be popularized.
6. Efficient lighting tool light guide lighting system, consisting of lampshade, light pipe and diffuser. The lighting principle is that outdoor natural light is effectively collected by the lighting hood and redistributed into the system. After the natural light is transmitted and strengthened by a special light guide tube, the diffuser at the bottom of the system irradiates the venue evenly and efficiently, breaking the concept of "lighting depends entirely on electricity".
basis
High-quality light sources are reflected in the following four points.
1. The light emitted by the light source is panchromatic light. The so-called panchromatic light, that is, the spectrum is continuously distributed in the visible range of human eyes, and vision is not easy to fatigue.
2. There should be no ultraviolet and infrared light in the spectrum.
Because long-term excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays not only easily causes keratitis, but also damages the lens, retina and choroid. Infrared rays are easily absorbed by water. Too much infrared light is absorbed when it is concentrated through the lens of the human eye. Over time, the lens will degenerate, leading to cataracts.
3. The color temperature of light should be close to natural light.
Color temperature is a quantitative index to express the color of light by temperature, because people live in natural light for a long time, and the human eye has strong adaptability to natural light and good visual effect. Experiments show that the visual contrast sensitivity under natural light is 5%-20% higher than that under artificial light.
4. Lighting is stroboscopic.
Strobe is the alternating change of light and shade with a certain frequency when emitting light. The power supply frequency of ordinary fluorescent lamp is 50 Hz, which means it turns on and off 100 times per second. It belongs to low-frequency flash, which will make the regulating organs of human eyes, such as ciliary muscle and sphincter of pupil, in a tense regulating state, leading to visual fatigue, thus accelerating myopia of teenagers. If the frequency of power supply is increased to more than several hundred hertz when emitting light, or the power supply is DC, human eyes will not feel stroboscopic and will not cause visual damage. This kind of light is called frequency-free flash.
Only lamps with the above four requirements can be considered as high-quality light sources. Many light sources in the market have different degrees of deficiencies. For example, incandescent lamps, because the infrared spectrum exceeds 60% of the total emission spectrum, the full-color light balance is not ideal and the color temperature is low, which not only causes a lot of waste of electric energy, but also is unfavorable to human eyes. Ordinary fluorescent lamps have many ultraviolet components, low-frequency flash, and the quality of light source is not ideal There are many energy-saving fluorescent lamps with electronic rectification in the market, some of which are full-color light without stroboscopic light, and their color temperature is close to natural light, but the disadvantage is ultraviolet light.
target
1. Protect the environment, including reducing pollutant emissions during the life cycle of lighting appliances and controlling light pollution by using clean light sources, natural light sources and green materials;
2. Save energy. Taking compact fluorescent lamp instead of incandescent lamp as an example, it can save more than 70% electricity, and efficient electric light source can obviously reduce the energy consumption of cooling lamp.
3. Healthy, comfortable, pleasant and safe high-quality lighting environment;
4. Improving work efficiency is more valuable than saving electricity;
5. Create a light culture that reflects modern civilization.
idea
Green lighting means that through scientific lighting design, efficient, long-life, safe and stable lighting electrical products (electric light source, lamp accessories, lamps, wiring equipment, dimming controller and light control device) are adopted to improve the conditions and quality of people's work, study and life, thus creating an efficient, comfortable, safe, economical and beneficial environment and fully embodying modern civilized lighting.
199 1 1 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first put forward the concepts of implementing "GreenLights" and promoting "green lighting project", which was quickly supported by the United Nations and attracted the attention of many developed and developing countries, and actively adopted corresponding policies and technical measures to promote the implementation and development of green lighting project. 1993 1 1 China state economic and trade commission started the green lighting project in China, which was officially included in the national plan in 1996.
From the above ideas, we realize that:
1. The lighting project must implement the strategy of sustainable development, put economy in the first place, and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. Because green lighting can save electricity, saving electricity is of great significance to environmental protection.
2. Green lighting includes the rational use of electric light sources, electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment and dimming and lighting control devices. For example:
Adopt efficient and energy-saving electric light source;
1) replace ordinary incandescent lamps with halogen tungsten lamps (saving electricity by 50-60%);
2) replace incandescent lamp with self-ballasted single-ended fluorescent lamp (saving electricity by 70-80%);
3) upgrading incandescent lamps and straight fluorescent lamps with straight fluorescent lamps (saving electricity by 70-90%);
4) Vigorously promote the application of high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps;
5) Application of low-pressure sodium lamp;
6) Promote the application of LED.
Adopt efficient and energy-saving lighting lamps;
1) Choose a reflective lamp with reasonable light distribution, high reflective efficiency and good durability;
2) Choose lamps and lanterns that are in harmony with light sources and electrical accessories.
Adopt high-efficiency energy-saving lamp electrical accessories;
Replace the traditional high-energy inductive ballast with energy-saving inductive ballast and electronic ballast.
Adopt various lighting energy-saving control devices or equipment;
1) Optical sensor 2) Thermal radiation sensor 3) Ultrasonic sensor 4) Time program control 5) Direct or remote dimming.
3. Green lighting aims to improve the conditions and quality of people's work, study and life, so designers must fully understand the requirements of green lighting and master the relevant national lighting design specifications to meet the requirements.
perfect state
1. Mercury-free: Mercury is toxic and will bring endless troubles after polluting the environment;
2. Energy saving: lighting should be energy saving, and the production process of light sources and lamps from raw materials to finished products should also be conducive to energy saving;
3. Material saving: the light source and its accessories should save the consumption of ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, rare metals and nonmetallic materials;
4. Environmental protection manufacturing technology: pollution-free green production technology, including the use of non-toxic and solvent-free resin and sealing materials.
Materials, advocate the use of water-soluble resin;
5. No harmful rays: the light source has no ultraviolet component;
6. Long life: good durability;
7. No electromagnetic interference to the environment: no leakage of higher harmonic components during operation;
8. No harm to the power grid: small reactance component, high power factor, and small surge when starting;
9. Green waste: it can be recycled after being abandoned, and there is no future pollution.
Green lighting technology
Small glare
Any light that feels dazzling is glare, which is easy to cause eye accommodation spasm, and in severe cases, it will damage the retina and lead to blindness. High-quality lighting technology must be equipped with special technical measures to eliminate direct and reflected glare, diffuse the light source as much as possible, and minimize the loss of light energy, so as to make it a very "soft" light that people often say and enter people's field of vision.
High illumination
The so-called illuminance is the height reflected by the light energy emitted by the luminous body on the table. Proper glare-free high illumination can make eyes feel relaxed when observing objects.
Uniform illumination
The illuminance distribution of natural light is the best, and the uniformity from the center to the edge is 100% in the visual observation range of human eyes, which not only has good visual effect, but also is not easy to be tired after long-term observation. When the illuminance distribution uniformity of artificial light reaches more than 60%, it has little influence on the adaptability and visual effect of human eyes. When the uniformity is less than 50%, the visual effect and visual fatigue of human eyes will obviously deteriorate and intensify.
Observation function
The purpose of lighting is to observe. If we provide deep convenience for observation, such as installing an excellent optical magnifying glass in the proper position of the desk lamp with special technology, we can not only make it easy for the eyes to see things, but also observe things that are uninvited to the naked eye.
The green light is ready. In the information age, visual health is too important. To protect eyes, we should not only pay attention to visual hygiene, but also ignore the science of using light. The incidence of eye diseases is on the rise, such as decreased vision, myopia and cataract. And "presbyopia" and "green eye" appear in advance. Except for a few genetic factors, most of them are the result of the joint action of visual hygiene and visual optics.