Mainly wrote Su Dongpo 1 to Hangzhou as an official, regarded Hangzhou as his second hometown, his journey in Hangzhou, his love for Hangzhou, and interesting stories with monks and geisha.
As the saying goes, there is heaven in the world and Suzhou and Hangzhou in the world. Hangzhou later almost became Su Dongpo's second hometown. When he first arrived in Hangzhou, he wrote the following poems:
If there are no secrets, you can tell them.
It is better to be idle than to explore.
I feel more secure without a home,
There are no such beautiful lakes and mountains in my hometown.
Hangzhou is not only the beauty of mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, but also the bustling streets and splendid temples in Hangzhou. It is also a harmonious feeling between him and Hangzhou people, because the happiest days of his life were spent in Hangzhou.
Hangzhou people are southerners, relaxed and happy, with handsome guys and beautiful women. They like the young poet Dongpo because of his vigor and vitality, his natural and unrestrained charm and his informal mind. The beauty of Hangzhou inspired him, and the gentle charm of Hangzhou infiltrated his heart.
Hangzhou won the heart of Su Dongpo, and Su Dongpo won the heart of Hangzhou people.
Now, this great poet lives in Hangzhou and has been singing in Hangzhou for more than 1000 years. When you go boating in the West Lake, or climb Gushan Island, or climb Phoenix Mountain, or have tea in a lakeside restaurant, you will hear Su Dongpo in the mouth of local people in Hangzhou. When you say that Su Dongpo is from Sichuan, they will be unhappy.
Su Dongpo and the West Lake are inseparable. The poetic landscape of the West Lake is not as beautiful as Su Dongpo's poetic thinking, and Su Dongpo's poems are not as poetic as the West Lake.
It is recognized that the poem that best expresses the West Lake is a poem written by Su Dongpo describing the West Lake: the water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy. If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.
Su Dongpo touched up the lake, and then dyed it slightly with the supreme artistic technique to make it look natural.
Today, Su Causeway is lying on the lake, and the shadow of this small fairy island thrown into the water constitutes a "three pools reflecting the moon", with weeping willows lining the lake, which proves Su Dongpo's genius in landscape design. Artificial skills and art will only increase the beauty of nature, not destroy it.
Su Dongpo arrived in Hangzhou with his wife and children on1071165438+128 October. The mansion is located at the top of the Phoenix Mountain, facing the Qiantang River in the south, and the big ships going out to sea haunt the river. Looking north, the West Lake is surrounded by mountains, the top of which is hidden in white clouds, and temples and rich villas are scattered all over the hillside. Looking east at the Qiantang River, I saw stormy waves.
Su Dongpo's official residence is in the north of the mansion, overlooking the West Lake. Just under the Phoenix Mountain, sandwiched between the West Lake and Qiantang River Bay, from north to south is Hangzhou City, surrounded by high walls outside the city, with rivers in it and bridges connecting the rivers.
Mrs. Su gets up in the morning and opens the window. She saw the calm water of the West Lake below, with mountains, villas and floating white clouds reflected in the water. She felt relaxed and happy. It's still early for noon, and the lake is already full of yachts. At night, from their house, you can hear the sound of playing flute and singing.
Some streets in this city are brighter than others, because some night markets don't close until two or three the next day.
Especially for women, there are always some fascinating goods, such as food, silks and satins, embroidered fans, and children will see all kinds of candy toys, lanterns and so on.
In Song Dynasty, candy vendors used special advertising techniques to attract people. Some gamble, some pretend to be old men with white beards, some wear masks to sing and dance, some sell cotton candy, some sell all kinds of small animals blown by sugar, and some make sugar, similar to maple candy now. There is a book called Liang Lu's Dream, which talks about all kinds of exquisite snacks like an old woman, which really fascinates readers.
It is said that half of Su Dongpo believes that he once lived in Hangzhou in his last life. One day, he visited the Shouxing Academy and felt familiar with the scenery as soon as he entered the door. He told his fellow travelers to walk 92 steps before going to Qiantang, which proved that he was right.
Su Dongpo, as a judge in Hangzhou, has no major task except to interrogate the case. But he doesn't like this situation, because most of the arrested people are good citizens who violate Wang Anshi's new laws. All the laws he committed are opposed, but they are laws and he has no right to change them.
In the poem he gave to his younger brother Ziyou, he wrote his heartfelt words:
I am ashamed of this life, and I am even more arrogant when I am tired of self-protection. As we all know, it is not a promise to meet a tiger and be speechless. It's really good to be ambitious, and there are few moral exercises.
In another poem, he wrote about the sufferings of the people under the Baojia system, and described the cries of the people under the lash, and even the wives and children of the able-bodied men were put in prison. These verses accumulated over time, and when he was arrested and tried later, he actually established the crime of trying to destroy people's confidence in the New Deal.
However, he can still have fun anytime and anywhere. He tried to escape to nature and reach the extreme of natural beauty. His poems are everywhere in Hangzhou, so that he can enjoy the beauty of the scenery near Hangzhou.
Because not only Hangzhou itself, the West Lake, but also within 10 to 15 kilometers from Hangzhou, Su Dongpo often appears. Visitors can start from the West Lake in Hangzhou, walk in all directions, or go along the north shore to the famous Lingyin Temple and Tianzhu Top, or from the south bank to Geling, taste the tea brewed by the famous Tiger Run Spring, and then return along a winding mountain stream.
There are 360 monasteries in the West Lake and its suburbs, most of which are at the top of the mountain. Chatting with monks in this place can kill an afternoon. It often takes a whole day to visit these temples. When I get home, it's already dusk and brightly lit. After passing through the brightly lit and crowded night market, Tao Ran came home drunk and had forgotten the poem in his mind.
Sleepy eyes suddenly stunned, and the lights made the pond noisy. The world clapped its hands and laughed, looking like a lost forest. When you first realized Shan Ye's attitude, it was difficult for you to stand on your own feet in different interests. Life is a pleasure, but my strategy is not good.
Hangzhou is colorful and the West Lake is charming. People go out to play in the weather in Jiangnan all year round. In spring and autumn, all Hangzhou people play by the lake. Even on snowy days in winter, there are pleasure seekers who take boats to the lake to see the snow scene.
Especially on important days, such as the third day of March, the fifth day of May, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double Ninth Festival, and the birthday of the local shrine on February 1 1, the lake is full of tourists, so you must rent a yacht one day in advance. There are boatmen fishing, selling fish and releasing them to save lives and accumulate virtue. According to Buddhism, this is to preserve treasures in the sky. The same fish was caught three times and released three times. Maybe this fish can save three lives from death.
Su Dongpo fully participates in the life on the West Lake. There are two kinds of amusement on the lake: one is family fun, and the other is taking prostitutes to swim around the lake. Su Dongpo sometimes swims in the lake with his wife and children, and sometimes swims with colleagues who drink. He is versatile and has a wide range of hobbies. He writes freely with a pen, and his poems are ingenious and colorful, which are admired by local literati. His poems are elegant and natural, which makes people unforgettable at first sight.
He sang the following poem with his family:
The bow is thin and the stern is fragrant.
Together with his colleagues, he wrote a fresh and cheerful sentence:
You Weng has put on Wu Bangwen's makeup, and the new dance shirt has been tried for the first time.
As soon as they arrived at the lake, the boatmen gathered around to compete for tourists. They always choose a small boat, which is enough for four or five people. Sometimes many people need a table, and then order the boatwoman to prepare vegetable rice. The boatswain on this ship is usually good at cooking. These boathouses are beautifully carved and have mouths at the bow. There are boats and tourists selling food on the lake. The boatmen sell chestnuts, melon seeds, stuffed lotus roots, candy, roast chicken and seafood. Some boatmen specialize in selling tea, and some ships carry artists, and according to the custom, they approach tourists' boats and perform songs and dances, stunts, throwing and shooting games.
Around the boat, the lake is as blue as dye, about ten miles away. Looking at the white clouds in the distance, I snuggled up to the top of the mountain, making the mountain half hidden and half visible, and the mountain capacity changed accordingly. The mountains provide the white clouds with their hometown, which makes them tired of swimming and return to rest.
Sometimes it snows on cloudy days and the smog is low, so the mound is hidden and difficult to see. After the fog, visitors can see the tower flashing, the east scales and the west claws, and the outline of the distant mountain is vaguely in sight. On a sunny day, the water is clear and there are countless fish swimming. Su Dongpo described the boatman's yellow turban with two lines of seven-character poems, which set off the green mountain light and gave a very vivid impression. His poem is:
Guo Mao, Huangshan,
Smoke-filled sparrow tail furnace.
Go up the hill after landing, and you can hear birds singing in the silent and uninhabited Woods. Su Dongpo likes traveling by nature. At that time, he often swam and wrote poems alone in the mountains, at the top of the mountain and on the inaccessible water rocks.
He often went to some temples, so he became a close friend of the monks in the temple. After Su Dongpo died, an old monk told a story about Su Dongpo. He said that he was a monk in Shouxingyuan when he was young. Seeing Su Dongpo going barefoot up the mountain in summer, he borrowed a recliner from a monk and moved to a nearby bamboo forest. He chose a good place, took off his robe and coat, and slept in a chair with his back bare in the afternoon.
The young monk dared not approach. He peeked at the great scholar from a distance and saw that the great poet had seven moles on his back, arranged like the Big Dipper. The old monk also said that this is enough to prove that Su Dongpo is the lower bound of the stars in the sky and is only a temporary guest on earth.
Judging from literary anecdotes, Su Dongpo can be related to religion and women, as well as to monks and prostitutes in Hangzhou.
In Su Dongpo's view, the life of the senses and the life of the spirit are one and two, the two are integrated, and poetry and the philosophy of life go hand in hand.
Because he loves poetry and life, he can't become a monk. And because he loves philosophy, his wisdom is too high to be addicted and unable to extricate himself. He can't forget women's poems, pork and wine just as he can't forget mountains and rivers. At the same time, his profound knowledge has prevented him from forming the habit of being shallow, sharp and playboy.
In Su Dongpo's life, going out with geisha between feasting and official business is still a part of official life.
Su Dongpo happily attended the banquet of geisha all his life and never avoided it. When a geisha asks for a poem, he will not hesitate to write it on a shawl or a fan. Here is an example:
Stop to listen to the pipa, twist it gently, make your face drunk in the spring, and shine sideways on Jiang Tianyi with a touch of red.
Su Dongpo wrote lyric poems about women, but it was different from the colorful poems written by his friend Huang Tingjian. Geisha in Song Dynasty made a form of poetry popular, which is Ci. Su Dongpo is not only proficient in this way, but also turns the words previously dedicated to love into literary forms to express his feelings.
Su Dongpo's personality is too complicated and there are too many aspects to fully understand. I can't be a Taoist because I am proficient in philosophy, and I can't be an alcoholic because I study Confucianism. He knows life too well and cherishes it too much, so naturally he doesn't want to spend his whole life among women who drink.
He is a poet who loves nature and has a healthy and mysterious outlook on life, which is always inseparable from a profound and accurate understanding of nature. I believe that no one will get along with nature, spring, summer, autumn and winter, mountains and valleys, accept the power of health care and treatment given by nature, and still hold a distorted and biased view of nature.
Chapter 22 riot poems
Even in paradise-like Hangzhou, lotus flowers and peonies are not everywhere. Su Dongpo laughed and couldn't sing. He has been performing a one-man clown show and boating on the lake at night, because there are still 17000 prisoners unable to pay their debts and awaiting trial for selling smuggled salt. There are locust plagues to be eliminated, salt canals to be dredged and famines to be investigated.
In Su Dongpo's life, it is difficult to find out what is the main artistic conception in hundreds of poems he wrote. He writes banter and satire poems, thought-provoking landscape poems and thrilling love poems. Some poems are relaxed and happy, which makes people laugh, while others are bitter and bitter, which makes people cry. But under the surface of laughter and banter at the banquet, there is an atmosphere of anxiety, disappointment, sadness and even fear.
No one else reflects people's mood more fully, and Su Dongpo expressed this mood with wonderful poems. The poems he sent to his friends showed contempt for the momentum of officialdom, roars and sighs, groans in prisons, groans of rural women outside waterwheels, celebrations of small buildings by the lake, and desperate grievances of sparse ashes.
But Su Dongpo's style of writing is like running water. He always does what he does and can't stop. His style belongs to a category that nature can't control, and it is the most disgusting thing in the court. His style is sure to get him into trouble.
Later, all his poems were collected and carefully studied by the authorities. The content does not incite rebellion, openly criticize or openly oppose the authorities. However, these poems are as stinging and disturbing as mosquitoes and insects. If this tingling is too much, it will make people sleepless all night. At that time, Su Dongpo was a household name, and his poems should be read when collected by literati. Su Dongpo's voice can no longer be ignored.
1074 In September, Su Dongpo's term in Hangzhou expired. He requested to be transferred to Shandong, this time as the magistrate of Mizhou. He only stayed in Michigan for two years, and then he was transferred to Xuzhou as a magistrate. At that time, Wang Anshi had left his post, only Lv Huiqing was in power, and he innovated the new income tax law. Duty-free goods are distributed far beyond the people in the county.
During this period, a poem written by Dongpo said, "Walking around the city, children died by the roadside, buried in the ground, and tears filled their eyes." This is the saddest and most frustrating time for Su Dongpo. Strange to say, this great poet wrote his best poems on the saddest day. According to China's standards, only in this period did his poetry reach full maturity. At this time, there will be no more anger and cruel anger, leaving a peaceful and peaceful mind that knows how to live.
Even his enjoyment of the beauty of nature and the joy of life is more free and easy than before. Only when the poet achieves this harmony with nature can he write the following "Yin Shi Pavilion":
It is strange that Mr. Wang does nothing every day. Last night, the breeze slept in the north, and the western hills were cool in the morning.
From this mysterious point of view, he gained spiritual liberation, just like white clouds floating unintentionally on a mountain peak. His poem "Looking at the Cloud Tower" is as follows:
Rain or shine, after several changes, I have already given my life to vanity.
It's good to have no intention to go home. White clouds are like clouds.
It is interesting to say that Su Dongpo can write the best poems, often for his younger brother. When he was in Michigan, he thought of his brother who could not meet him. He wrote the best Mid-Autumn Festival words. Critics say that after this word is written, other words written for the Mid-Autumn Festival can be abandoned. This is for the mink head:
When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world.
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
The above water tune song was written in the ninth year of Xining, when he was in Mizhou from 65438 to 0076.