The principle of operation is to remove the rectum and its surrounding lymph nodes early in order to achieve the goal of radical cure; Yeah.-Nothing.
Palliative surgery is aimed at advanced patients cured by radical surgery, such as severe local infiltration or extensive metastasis of cancer.
However, if it cannot be cured radically, in order to relieve the obstruction, the intestinal segment of the cancer can be limited resection and the distal end can be sealed.
In the rectal segment, sigmoidostomy is performed at the proximal end. When local resection is still difficult, only sigmoid colon is performed.
Enterostomy can also use local freezing or electrocautery of tumor to make tumor tissue necrotic and fall off.
And relieve intestinal obstruction.
It is generally believed that people who receive radiotherapy and chemotherapy are in the advanced stage of cancer. In fact, patients with early cancer also need radiotherapy and chemotherapy, because it is to control the spread of cancer cells, so it is not early or late.
1, diet should choose high protein, high calorie, low fat, digestible food, and according to the characteristics, frequency and amount of stool.
2, maintain a happy mood, psychological balance, especially patients who have done artificial anus should be brave enough to accept the facts, and master the management of the new drainage route, keep the skin around the artificial anus clean and dry, and then smear the skin with talcum powder and zinc oxide ointment to prevent skin erosion.
3, develop the habit of regular defecation, insist on expanding the artificial anus with your fingers to prevent stenosis.
Review once every 4.2 ~ 3 months, once every second half year, and once every year in the third year until life.
5. Insist on completing the consolidation treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy for each course of treatment to prevent recurrence (see education related to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for details).
6, found abnormal artificial anus, should come to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
1. Chemotherapy indications
(1) is not suitable for patients at different stages of surgery or radiotherapy.
(2) In patients with advanced and extensive metastasis, the functions of bone marrow, liver, heart, kidney and lung are basically normal. Thank you? What's the problem? What's the problem? Hey? Beer? Br & gt(3) Patients with consolidation therapy after surgery or radiotherapy, or patients with recurrent rolling after surgery and radiotherapy.
2. Contraindications to chemotherapy
(1) Intestinal perforation, bleeding or serious infection.
(2) Patients with heart, liver, kidney and other important organ diseases.
(3) The elderly, the infirm or those with poor liquid quality.
(4) Patients with low bone marrow function, white blood cells below 3.0× 109/L, platelets below 50× 109/L, severe anemia or bleeding tendency.
Life tips:
Reading books and newspapers in the toilet is easy to induce diseases.
Summer is the season with frequent anorectal diseases, and the meteorological department predicts that the continuous high temperature in Beijing in the next four days will keep the incidence of anorectal diseases high. Relevant experts suggest that people concerned should eat coarse grains, beans, vegetables, fruits and other foods with high cellulose content, increase intestinal peristalsis, eliminate harmful substances and carcinogens in the intestine, and develop good living habits, including defecation habits, prevent constipation and prevent anorectal diseases. Data show that anorectal diseases are common and frequently-occurring diseases in clinic, and the prevalence rate can reach 50%-60%.
Han Guoxin, member of the Laser Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Association and deputy chief physician, told reporters that eating food stalls has become the main inducement for patients in the near future. According to Dr. Han, many people like to eat food stalls, drink and chat in the street in summer. First of all, the food hygiene situation of food stalls is questionable; Secondly, food stalls supply more spicy food; Once again, eating food stalls kills time at night, and it is easy to drink too much. These are the main causes of anorectal diseases.
Han Guoxin further analyzed that in addition to genetic factors, there are also bad living habits and occupational factors that cause anorectal diseases:
1. Reading books and newspapers when going to the toilet will cause squatting or defecation for a long time, which will lead to anorectal congestion and induce diseases.
2. Diarrhea and constipation are important pathogenic factors of anorectal diseases. Constipation is the biggest curse. Long-term retention of toxic substances in rectum will not only induce rectal cancer, but also cause fecal accumulation and affect blood circulation. Forcibly dissolving the dry feces will inevitably cause greater pressure on the anus, resulting in a series of lesions such as congestion, swelling and cracks. Diarrhea is often the clinical manifestation of colon diseases. Diarrhea will also increase the chance of local anal infection, leading to anal sinusitis, inflammatory external hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and other diseases.
3. Spicy substances can stimulate digestive mucosa. People who drink for a long time or like spicy food are likely to cause vasodilation, colon dysfunction, and the incidence of anorectal diseases will increase significantly.
4. Standing for a long time or sedentary. Because of standing upright or sitting posture, the anus and rectum live in the lower part of the human body, and the venous return of hemorrhoids is not smooth.
Dr. Han also reminded the public to eat regularly and quantitatively, avoid overeating, partial eclipse, spicy products and unclean things, eat more vegetables, eat more fruits and vegetables rich in cellulose, coarse grains, honey, black sesame seeds and peanuts, and drink more water. Once the illness is found, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
[health education]
1, give patients dietary guidance, and eat only after intestinal peristalsis has recovered. Give priority to digestible foods, and avoid foods that are too thin or have too much crude fiber. Eat more soy products, eggs, fish, etc. Make the stool dry and easy to clean.
2. Teach patients to properly master the intensity of activity to avoid excessive activity to increase abdominal pressure and cause prolapse of artificial anal mucosa.
3. Let patients master the use of artificial anal bag. Before using the anal bag, rinse the surrounding skin with clear water and clean the anal bag at any time to avoid infection and reduce odor.
4, guide patients to master the nursing of artificial anus, regularly refers to the expansion, if found narrow or difficult defecation, timely to the hospital for review.