Research Group of "Social Situation Analysis and Prediction" of China Academy of Social Sciences
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China has entered a decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the report also painted a blueprint for the future development of China. In 20 13, China's economic and social development will enter a new stage.
(A) there are favorable conditions for changing the mode of economic growth
The three-year experience since 2009 shows that under the unstable international economic environment and many uncertain factors, the growth mode mainly relying on investment and export is unsustainable, and it is a foregone conclusion that the pulling effect of export growth of goods and services on economic growth will weaken. China is still a developing country, and maintaining steady and rapid economic growth remains the central task of economic work in the coming period. Generally speaking, at least in the next few years, GDP will increase by 7%-8% annually. From the employment point of view, with the adjustment of the age structure of the population and the decrease of the total number of newly employed people, the pressure to achieve the economic growth rate of 10% will be alleviated. This has provided favorable conditions for China to accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode and economic restructuring.
First, based on expanding domestic demand, so that economic development is rooted in domestic demand, especially residents' consumption demand, and a new pattern of coordinated consumption, investment and export to promote economic growth is formed. Of course, this change will inevitably go through a long period of pain. Second, we should optimize the input structure of factors, change the so-called "investment cost depression" effect caused by demographic dividend, low land cost, high energy cost and environmental cost in the past, and accelerate the formation of human capital, technological progress and institutionalized reform on economic growth through the spillover effect of industrial structure upgrading, and change from extensive growth to connotative growth. Third, actively adjust the energy structure, taking improving energy efficiency and vigorously developing emerging energy and clean energy as the breakthrough point to adjust the energy structure. In 20 12, the economic growth rate dropped to 7.8%, which is both a challenge and an opportunity. We should seize the opportunity, turn challenges into opportunities, turn challenges into motivation, and take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide to push China's economy to a new level and accelerate its economic transformation.
(2) The labor training system and methods have been further reformed, and employment has been further transformed into skills.
Improving the quality of labor force is not only a way to solve the current structural contradiction of labor and employment, but also a need to adapt to the transformation of economic growth mode. At present, the quality structure of China's labor force has been difficult to adapt to the requirements of the times.
To speed up the improvement of the quality of the labor force, first, we should vigorously reform the education and labor training system and its system to better face the market and the future. In particular, the existing labor training system has problems such as insufficient supply, low efficiency, unreasonable structure and imperfect management system. The direction of reform is to speed up the marketization of labor training, so that a large number of labor training at present will be transformed from government-led to market-led under the government's purchase of services. Second, we should continue to increase public investment in labor training. At present, the proportion of public employment expenditure in China is still too low, far below the level of 1% generally reached by developed countries. At the same time, the allocation of public financial resources to employment should be changed from training providers to training service recipients as soon as possible to ensure the marketization of labor training and the ability of workers to obtain training services.
Of course, at present, China's ordinary labor force still exceeds demand. In order to promote their employment, we must continue to implement an active employment policy, expand employment through multiple channels, and support enterprises to stabilize employment and expand employment opportunities; Do a good job in the employment of college graduates and vigorously support the transfer of rural labor and entrepreneurship.
(3) The pace of adjusting the income and benefit distribution structure is more solid.
In order to ensure the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the goal of "doubling the GDP and the per capita income of urban and rural residents compared with 20 10". In order to do everything possible to increase residents' income, the report also reiterated the requirement of "two synchronizations", that is, residents' income growth should be synchronized with economic development, labor remuneration should be synchronized with the improvement of labor productivity, and the fruits of development should be shared by the people to achieve social equity.
Adhere to the basic idea of giving priority to the development of enriching the people, and regard the initial distribution and redistribution as an organic whole, starting from the overall level and reasonable structure of social security and public services, and extending to the reform of the salary system of "salary, insurance and welfare" in the initial distribution; We should not only adjust the distribution relationship among government, enterprises and individuals, but also adjust the proportional relationship between capital factor income and labor factor income, and improve the distribution system according to factors. To this end, we should continue to deepen the reform plan of the wage system, overcome the resistance, and issue the "Wage Regulations" that meet the requirements of "two synchronizations" as soon as possible.
It is an important measure to fundamentally solve the urban-rural gap to continue to accelerate the urbanization process, deepen the reform of the household registration system and other related systems, promote the transfer of rural population to cities and towns, and further reduce the proportion of rural population in the total population. At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the pace of rural economic and social development, speed up the reform of land and other resource allocation systems, and ensure that farmers can get their due land value-added benefits; Intensify anti-poverty efforts in rural areas, gradually raise the minimum living standard in rural areas, and realize the equal rights of urban and rural residents to obtain public finance transfer income as soon as possible.
(4) Further improve the social security system and raise the level of security.
At present, the basic framework of China's social security system has been initially established. Expanding the coverage of social security, improving the level of social security, improving the degree of integration between social security systems adapted to different social groups, and promoting the fairness of social security acquisition are the important goals of perfecting China's social security system in the next step.
The first is to further improve the security level of the new rural cooperative medical system. At present, the new rural cooperative medical system can help farmers meet their treatment needs to some extent, but once they are seriously ill, they still feel helpless. Second, it is necessary to further expand the population coverage of the new rural endowment insurance and deal with the old-age risks brought about by the aging rural population and labor transfer. At present, the new rural endowment insurance system has achieved full coverage, but the population coverage rate is still low. The third is to further strengthen the insurance work for migrant workers. As of September, 20 12, the proportion of migrant workers participating in basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance in the total number of migrant workers in China is still only 17.8%, 19.7%, 10.4% and 28.0% respectively (calculated by the total number of migrant workers in China).
(5) Strengthen the management of environmental protection issues and promote the construction of ecological civilization.
In recent years, various environmental events have occurred in China, which not only restricted the development of national economy, but also had a great negative impact on social development and social harmony and stability. Environmental pollution has become a common concern of all walks of life, which has triggered a large number of mass incidents. It is urgent to solve the problem of environmental pollution. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the requirement of strengthening the construction of ecological civilization, which is an important part of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's career development along with economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and requires the full implementation of ecological civilization construction in all fields. Strengthening the construction of environmental protection system, speeding up the transformation of economic growth mode, speeding up the reduction of energy and resource consumption in economic growth, strengthening the concept of ecological civilization in production and life, strengthening the government's environmental supervision, and mobilizing the whole society to participate in the supervision of environmental issues are the fundamental measures to promote the construction of ecological civilization.
(6) Continue to deepen system reform and promote social fairness and justice.
According to the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, fairness and justice are the inherent requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should strengthen the system construction that plays an important role in ensuring social fairness and justice, gradually establish a social fairness guarantee system with fair rights, fair opportunities and fair rules, strive to create a fair social environment, safeguard people's rights to equal participation and equal development, and insist that people * * * enjoy the fruits of development and make * * * rich together. This is a very difficult task. We need to make great determination to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly remove obstacles, establish new ideas and strategies for economic and social development, deepen the reform of economic system, income distribution system and social system, and most importantly, ensure people's right to equal participation and equal development. Only in this way can we better promote social fairness and justice, promote social harmony and achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020.
(Author Chen Guangjin is the deputy director and researcher of the Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Give those netizens who are bad for China's economy a loud slap in the face.
20 13 under the leadership of the new government, China's economy will be better and its people will be happier. China will be even more splendid in the next 30 years. You netizens and scum who are bad-mouthing China will be finished in the next 30 years.