1, Women's Health Examination Project
1, Mammography: The American Association of Breast Surgeons has just updated its guidelines for breast examination. It is recommended that women with low risk of breast cancer and over 50 years old have their breasts examined every two years. However, if you have a high risk, such as a family history of breast cancer, you need to have an annual check-up from the age of 40.
2, skin self-examination: In recent years, the incidence of skin cancer is on the rise, the best preventive method is to check yourself once a month, look for suspicious boils and moles, and consult a doctor.
3, blood lipids and blood sugar: The American Heart Association reminds that cholesterol levels are detected at the age of 20 and checked every five years as a benchmark. After the age of 40, check cholesterol and blood sugar every year, because the risk of heart disease and diabetes will increase with age.
4. Vision examination: Because women are prone to dry eye or autoimmune diseases that affect eye health, there is a greater chance of vision problems. If you wear glasses or contact lenses, do a vision screening once a year; People with good eyesight can have it once every two years.
5. Pure tone audiometry: This test reflects the listening level of the smallest sound of each frequency that the subjects can hear in a quiet environment. Women's hearing generally begins to decline after the age of 50, and it is best to have it tested once a year.
6. Depression Scale: If you feel depressed, lose your hobbies, sleep and other problems, you should find a specialist to check the depression scale.
7. Periodontal examination: Women should examine periodontal tissue once a year to judge the health of gums. Gingival inflammation may be related to chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
8. Thyroid stimulating hormone screening: About 10% of women will feel cold and tired due to thyroid hormone deficiency, accompanied by constipation, weight gain and other symptoms. From the age of 50, women should check the level of thyroid stimulating hormone in routine physical examination.
9. Pap smear: The American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women should have a Pap smear every three years to screen for cervical cancer after 2 1 year old, regardless of sexual history. This guide is suitable for women with good health and low cancer risk.
10, colonoscopy: After 50 years old, do fecal occult blood test once a year, and then do colonoscopy every 3-5 years to find precancerous lesions such as colon polyps as soon as possible.
2. Women should pay attention to five taboos in physical examination.
Avoid taking blood too late: the best time to take blood is from 7: 30 to 9: 00 in the morning. Because people's metabolism will constantly change during the day's activities, the accuracy of blood test results will decrease due to the influence of physiological endocrine hormones in the body, and the test should be carried out on an empty stomach that day, remember not to exceed 9: 00.
Second, avoid taking medicine before physical examination: blood collection needs an empty stomach, but patients with chronic diseases should be treated differently. For example, it is necessary for hypertensive patients to take antihypertensive drugs every morning to keep their blood pressure stable. Hastily stopping taking medicine or delaying taking medicine will lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure and become dangerous. Blood pressure is measured after routine medication, and the physical examination doctor can also evaluate the current antihypertensive scheme. Taking a small amount of antihypertensive drugs has a slight effect on the test and can be ignored. Therefore, patients with hypertension should come back for physical examination after taking antihypertensive drugs. Patients with diabetes or other chronic diseases should also take medicine in time after blood collection, and routine treatment should not be interfered by physical examination.
Third, don't abandon the inspection items at will: The inspection items set in the physical examination form include not only the basic items reflecting the health status, but also some special inspection items for malignant diseases and common diseases. Some tests are of special significance for the early detection of diseases. Such as anal digital examination, is particularly important for the discovery of rectal tumors in patients over 40 years old. Some subjects give up exams automatically because they are afraid of trouble or shyness. If the subject really has a lesion, it will naturally lose the best opportunity for treatment, and the consequences are self-evident.
Four taboos ignore the important medical history: medical history, especially the medical history of important diseases, is an important reference for medical examiners to judge the health status of patients, and accordingly formulating intervention measures has an extremely important impact on the outcome of diseases. Some disciplines hold the psychology of "assessing" the level of physical examination doctors, and think that diseases can only be found out and cannot be said. Not knowing the result of doing so is often counterproductive. For example, before giving treatment guidance to patients with hypertension, we must understand the onset time, treatment process, medication situation and other key issues of hypertension, so as to put forward further treatment suggestions, including adding and subtracting dosage and adjusting medication varieties, so as to achieve the best treatment effect. If the examinee can't remember the name of the medicine he took, he can bring a medicine box to identify it. The medical history statement should be objective and accurate, and important diseases should not be omitted.
Five taboos despise the conclusion of physical examination: the conclusion of physical examination is a generalization and summary of the health status of the subjects, and it is a health prescription prescribed by doctors based on the comprehensive analysis of the physical examination results of various subjects, which is of great guiding significance for correcting bad living habits and preventing diseases. Some subjects pay more attention to the process of physical examination, but ignore the conclusion of physical examination, and do not read and implement it carefully, which makes physical examination meaningless.
Conclusion: A healthy body is very important to everyone, especially the weak female friends. Regular health is necessary. I hope the above content can help you.
3. What should I pay attention to before physical examination?
1. Try not to stay up late the day before the physical examination, go to bed before ten o'clock, and avoid drinking strong tea, coffee and other stimulating drinks, so as not to affect sleep.
2. Avoid overeating, especially don't drink alcohol, eat foods that are too salty, too greasy and difficult to digest, so as not to affect the test results the next day. Fasting is generally needed after 8 pm, because the results of some test items may be affected by food factors. In addition, try not to take drugs.
3. Pay attention to rest the day before physical examination to avoid strenuous exercise and mood swings.
4. Women's physical examination should avoid menstrual period, and clean vulva with clear water within 24 hours before examination, but don't clean women's private parts, even if the secretion of women's private parts has an odor, because water can easily wash away pathogenic bacteria and affect the doctor's diagnosis.
5. Don't stop taking medicine before physical examination. Although fasting is required for blood drawing, patients with chronic diseases should be treated differently. For example, patients with hypertension should take antihypertensive drugs every morning, so keep their blood pressure stable. Hastily stopping taking medicine or delaying taking medicine will lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure, which is dangerous.
6. If you need a blood test, don't eat breakfast on the morning of the physical examination, and the physical examination time is best from 7 am to 9: 30 am.