The construction of ecological civilization needs to be promoted at three levels: green technology, structural transformation and green system, as well as the overall layout of field, region and science and technology:
Layout of ecological civilization construction field 1. Field layout of ecological response
Effective protection and rational utilization of natural resources. Establish a natural resources assessment system and regularly assess the national natural resources situation. Establish a hierarchical protection system for natural resources and implement strict supervision over national strategic resources. Continue to promote the construction of nature reserves and national parks, and improve the coverage rate and coverage categories of nature reserves. Strengthen the protection of biodiversity, important species and typical ecosystems, and strengthen supervision over the rational utilization of fresh water, energy, minerals and marine resources.
Natural environment: reasonable protection and environmental management. Continue to promote the comprehensive management of land degradation, reduce the proportion of soil erosion, desertification, desertification and salinization, and transform low-and medium-yield fields and sloping fields; Comprehensively control environmental pollution, complete environmental control in areas and river basins where polluting enterprises are concentrated, and strengthen the management of mine environment and marine environment.
Ecosystem: restoration and reconstruction. Continue to promote natural forest protection, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and artificial afforestation, and improve forest coverage; The forest coverage rate will reach about 35% in 2050 and 40% in 2 100. We will continue to promote the comprehensive management of ecologically fragile areas, protect and build natural grasslands, grass hills and slopes and artificial grasslands, and basically eliminate the phenomenon of "three modernizations" of grasslands. Continue to protect typical ecosystems such as river sources, lakes and wetlands, and restore and improve ecosystem service functions.
Second, the layout of ecological economy
Ecological agriculture: It is characterized by applying the principles of ecology and economics to improve the productivity of agricultural resources, increase the proportion of land rotation, waste recycling and organic fertilizer use, reduce agricultural water consumption, material consumption and energy consumption, reduce the density of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, reduce the intensity of land use, and reduce agricultural environmental pollution and land degradation.
Eco-industry: It is characterized by using the principle of industrial ecology to improve the productivity of industrial resources, reduce the consumption of industrial resources, energy and water, reduce the discharge of industrial three wastes and improve the recycling rate of wastes.
Green service: Green service is an environmental protection service with high efficiency, low consumption, low emission, low density, non-toxic and harmless, and waste recycling.
Environmental protection industry: Environmental protection industry is an industry directly related to environmental protection.
Green economy: Green economy is an economy with high efficiency, low consumption, harmlessness and recycling of waste, and it is an ecological economy in a narrow sense.
Third, the layout of ecological and social fields.
Eco-city: characterized by improving urban living environment, improving urban environmental quality, reducing urban environmental pollution, reducing urban population density and per capita ecological footprint, adopting green energy and green transportation, advocating natural, green and ecological urban planning and advocating lightweight, green and ecological urban life.
Ecological countryside: The traditional countryside is natural, but the sanitary conditions are relatively poor, and the drinking water quality in some areas is poor. Modern countryside has modern environmental pollution. Ecological rural construction needs to maintain natural characteristics, eliminate environmental pollution and improve the quality of life.
Green energy and green transportation. Green society: A green society is a society that is healthy and long-lived, non-toxic and harmless, and recycling waste.
Geographical layout and spatial structure of ecological civilization construction; Second, the ecological regionalization and ecosystem evaluation of China; Third, the western ecological modernization strategy.
The scientific and technological layout of ecological civilization construction: first, increase the proportion of environmental science and technology investment; Second, strengthen the research on key technologies of environmental protection; Third, promote international cooperation in environmental science and technology.