Yujing once recalled the prosperity of the past, the home of Emperor Wanli. Qiongshuyutang, the harp is loud, and the harp is in line at dusk. Huacheng people go here to be bleak, and the spring dream is around the lake and sand. Where is Jiashan? Endure listening to the pipe blowing plum blossoms! -This is a poem written by Song Huizong (Evonne).
Like Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty, this conquered emperor made great achievements in art. He made outstanding contributions to the construction and development of the Song Dynasty Painting Academy, the promotion and creation of calligraphy and painting, and the collation and preservation of ancient art. He can be called the emperor who loves painters instead of mountains and rivers. He collected a large number of folk cultural relics, especially epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, and ordered civil servants to edit Xuanhe Pu Shu and Xuanhe Painting Spectrum.
In his early years, he studied under Xue Ji and Huang Tingjian, and participated in various schools of Chu Suiliang. He was quite slim, beautiful and comprehensive, and changed his second Xue (Xue Ji and Huang Tingjian) to form his own style, which was called "Thin Gold Body". It is characterized by being thin and straight, with a horizontal pen with a hook, a vertical pen with a point, throwing it like a dagger, holding it like a knife, and a slender vertical hook; Some couplets are like hairspring, close to calligraphy. His pen originated from Chu and Xue, and it was written in detail. The closing gesture was written in Huang Tingjian's big script, which was very imposing.
On Song Huizong's "A Thousand Characters in Cursive Script" and others.
one
Qian Wen Zi is the most popular calligraphy work of China since the Six Dynasties. It is used to teach primary school students, and it is the first reading material for reading and literacy. Before money became popular, there were similar calligraphy books long ago. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Shi Shuo Pian came out and was popular in Qin State. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, and Li Si's Cang Xie, Zhao Gao's Curie and Hu Wujing's erudition spread all over the country. During the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru's Fan Jiang Pian, Yang Xiong's Xun Debate Pian and You's Ji Jiu Pian were circulated one after another, which played a certain enlightening role in helping school children read and promoting cultural development in various periods.
In the end, there are only two kinds of calligraphy books circulating in the past dynasties, namely "Nine Essays on the History of the Western Han Dynasty" and "Thousand Characters" written by Zhou Xingsi in the Six Dynasties. Among them, Zhou's Qian Zi Wen has the most far-reaching influence and has been circulated for more than 1000 years. As the product of ideology in feudal society, the content reflected by thousands of words must have ethical concepts of loyalty to the monarch, filial piety and righteousness. However, when it comes to natural science, human history and daily utensils, although we only talk about some phenomena, we do have a certain understanding of simple historical materialism, and finally, gold panning in the sand has certain merits. There is also a version of the so-called ancient thousand-character script. Although there is no printed copy, there is indeed ink that has been circulated to this day, that is, the so-called book "Thousands of Words of Wei Taiwei's Right Army General Wang Xizhi" by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the title is said to be compiled by Cao Wei of the Three Kingdoms. If it is true, the thousands of words written by Zhou Liangxing in the Southern Dynasties must have been copied. However, after repeated deliberation and various investigations, the copyright should belong to Zhou. But the name Zhong You was imposed on him by later generations. Who are the descendants? It is inconvenient to jump to conclusions. The time should be after the Zhou Dynasty, but not later than the end of the Tang Dynasty. As far as calligraphy is concerned, it has always been the style of the Five Dynasties, which is far from the style of Xu Lanting and the Holy Order. It is hard to understand that people like Long Dayuan included it in the book Xuan He, perhaps because it was signed by Song Huizong Zhao Shu according to the original title. This volume of "Thousand-character Works" was circulated by the Inner Government during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and then spread to the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao, Ming Dynasty and Xiang Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Liang Qingbiao was handed over to the Modern Tao Zhuang Pavilion and recorded. Strangely, it didn't recommend it. The reason why I specially textual research on "On more than a thousand questions", which has been handed down from generation to generation, is for reference, but I don't need to say anything.
Qian was written in the Northern Song Dynasty, and calligraphy belongs to the category of Weeds. From the perspective of a generation of emperors, the author can't be compared with his ancestor Zhao Guangyi. It is still of practical significance to evaluate this cursive script and analyze its artistic achievements and its role in the history of calligraphy. Therefore, from the perspective of calligraphy art, Evonne's cursive "Thousand Characters" is worth recommending to readers. It represents an author's artistic achievements and the style of the times, so it is very necessary to study the development of Crazy Grass calligraphy before and after China and peep at the signs of its evolution.
two
Evonne is good at calligraphy and painting, and his style is unique, which has a considerable influence on later generations. In the practice of calligraphy art, he studied the calligraphy of his contemporaries Huang Tingjian in his early years, and then changed to Xue Ji and Xue Yao in the Tang Dynasty. After learning the calligraphy of the Xue brothers, I continued to pursue it. By the time he was 20 years old, real books had taken on a "new" look. Later generations ignored it, thinking that it was created by Evonne himself, and it was called "slimming" or "slimming", while your book came from Xue Yao's Summer Poems. Because it is broken, it has been circulating for four or five years. The running script retains Xue Ji's previous rules, with fine frame and vigorous brushwork. The black label of Yihe handed down from generation to generation has this character. As for Evonne's cursive script, it is rare in the world. Based on the 14-character cursive fan with the title "Four sentences in the day and seven sentences in the morning" collected in the Shanghai Museum, and the investigation in this volume, the method should come from the wild grass school in Zhang Xu and Huai Su, which makes it bold and unrestrained, not divorced from the rules and regulations, and closer to Huai Su. In addition, I have never seen his cursive script handed down from generation to generation, which can be said to be unique.
Like all calligraphers, Zhao Ji likes to write thousands of words. I don't know how many volumes he wrote in his life, only two volumes remain. One is the book of thin muscles, which is now in Shanghai Museum. Written in the third year of Chongning (A.D. 1 104), he was 22 years old. After the volume, the inscription "To Tong Guan" was written by Tong Guan, who was worshipping Jin Ming Bureau at that time. The scroll is a cinnabar column, plain notebook, the words are big and long, and each line is cross-shaped, with hundreds of lines before and after. Calligraphy has been basically stereotyped, but this fashion is too thin and stiff, which is not as fat, smooth and tough as my old age. This volume of cursive script is strange, large and small, and some are like "Teng apes cross trees and escape from water"; Some are "or even absolutely, flying like flowers"; Some "if the pine tree lies on a high ridge, it will narrow the gap like a boulder"; Some "like birds rushing out of the forest and frightened snakes getting into the grass" ... are endless. This book was written in the fourth year of Xuanhe (A.D. 1 122), when the author had just turned 40, and was approaching his old age in his short life, which was the time when his calligraphy was successful. There are more than 1,000 essays in these two volumes written by him in Letters and Wild Grass. Except for a few taboos, they are all based on Zhou Xingsi's version, and there is no difference. Zhong Wei's so-called thousands of essays have disappeared.
Because cursive writing is greatly restricted, except Wang Xizhi's father and son, Zhang Xu and Huai Su, few calligraphers in past dynasties have made achievements in cursive writing. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, cursive script has broken through the previous rules. Although there are many famous writers, they all learn from the tradition of "either king or Zhang". As for Cao Zhang's words, they are all written in Nine Chapters, which is an image of an emperor. There is no original opinion, but there is a mockery of painting a tiger. Therefore, our evaluation of cursive script should be based on the observation of the author's wrist, pen and momentum. The so-called "the grass runs straight, the wrist turns to the eyebrow, the hanging pipe gathers the front ... ups and downs, and it sucks and sucks", "or it is unstoppable, or it is easy to escape and deep, and it is not against the meaning of pushing your luck." The words "unfettered" and "unfettered" are extremely important to cursive script, and they are our criteria for judging it. Because cursive script and regular script are written differently, "stippling is the real form." The grass is so lovely that it can't be expressed in words. Drawing pictures and remembering words is really a loss. "So it is difficult to write in cursive, especially difficult to hire workers. The crux lies in the point of "turning".
This volume of cursive script Gan Wenzi is valuable because the author has mastered the basic law of crazy grass, and "making it turn" does not violate the intention of using a pen, and basically achieves the artistic effect of "unrestrained mind", that is, the so-called "write first, then roam freely". Some people think this cursive script is so exquisite that they suspect that it is not Evonne's own work, but may be the basis for writing Huai Su. According to their view, this method of planting grass comes from a monk in Huai Su, and Huai Su's thousand-character script has four axes in the inner government, which is fully qualified for reproduction. We believe that this suspicion is not groundless, but it may not be completely in line with the actual situation. To be sure, Evonne's cursive script originated in Huai Su. At ordinary times, he not only copied Huai Su's cursive script Qian Zi Wen, but also visited other related cursive scripts. As far as the style of the times is concerned, cursive scripts in the Song Dynasty were mostly imitated by Zhang Xu and Huai Su, not only by famous artists Huang Tingjian and Evonne, but also by Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. No matter what the foundation of temporary writing is, no matter how sophisticated and superb its skills are, once you look deeply, you will reveal some traces of introverted and stagnant brushstrokes. Besides, cursive script is difficult to copy, especially wild grass. This roll of cursive script flies in the sky, with a total length of dozens of feet, and it is done in one go, and there are few failures to be found. It is worth noting that there are several cursive characters between the lines in the volume, such as "Yin" and "Yuan".
"Yong" calligraphy. The influence of Snow Ji has been exposed, which is quite different from the appearance of Huai Su, but it is the original feature of Evonne. When Sun Chengze wrote this volume in the late Ming Dynasty, he pointed out that "Huizong has a thousand words, and calligraphy is Huai Su". The word "calligraphy" used here has obvious meaning, and it is copying rather than copying, which is not well understood as "copying". This will certainly not cause any misunderstanding among readers.
three
This rolling pen "Thousand Characters" is written on the full map of Un-yong Kim which is more than three feet long. Today, it seems that a piece of handmade linen paper more than 30 feet long is not so novel. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty 800 years ago, we had to be surprised that such a long-scale exquisite paper had been produced. From the paper quality inspection, the main raw material is hemp, the surface is smooth and there is no cord, and the ink absorption effect is very good. Paper-making technology originated in the Western Han Dynasty in China, that is, more than 2,000 years ago. Cai Lun's papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty is not well documented. Archaeologists in China excavated the paper used in the Western Han Dynasty in Baqiao, a suburb of Xi, Shaanxi Province, indicating that China's papermaking technology has a long history, and with the passage of time, the selection of materials used and various processing according to the nature of use are constantly improving. Papermaking in the Northern Song Dynasty was quite developed, and this kind of roll paper is of course a special kind. According to experts' calculations, it is possible to line up the boats along the river and then pour the pulp to make it even.
Cursive script
Wan Fan, a cursive script written by Evonne, is a very precious calligraphy work of Tuan Fan collected by Shanghai Museum. The lines of this work are thin and powerful, which comes down in one continuous line with its "fine gold" regular script, but it is fresher and freer than its pen, and its brushwork is round and smooth, which breaks the symmetrical and neat arrangement and combination of characters in regular script, so it is more dynamic. Interpretation: "Skimming the water in Yanling, tying yourself cold, becomes heavier with mud flowers."
Evonne review
Look at a description in Xuanhe Legacy: "It is said that this official is brilliant, good at writing Mo Zhu Jun, and can write Xue Jishu;" Pass the book of three religions and know the canon of nine streams; Happy dusk, vaguely like Jiange Wang Mengshu; Love color and drink, just like Chen Houzhu in Jinling. " If you put a charming son among the people, I don't know how many women you want to charm, and you will still have the reputation of a romantic gentleman. Unfortunately, this set of poetry and calligraphy is useless in governing the country, otherwise Jingkang is shameless. It's a pity to look at Evonne's later poems. However, despite his political fatuity, he was a first-rate figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poems and essays were exquisite, which was the same in Xie Yuan in the later Tang Dynasty. Speaking of his founding a painting and calligraphy institute, setting up a doctor of painting and calligraphy, and compiling a calligraphy and painting spectrum, it is worthy of being a masterpiece in the history of art. There have been arty emperors in all dynasties, but there are only a handful of people like him who have truly achieved outstanding achievements without losing their talents.
It is difficult for the Tang Dynasty to have a complete statute and then practice innovation. Although this is a clear evidence of the brilliant achievements of the Tang Dynasty, it is also the sorrow of later artists. Evonne doesn't have talents like Zhao Ziang, so he can't compete with the former Ou Chu Liu Yan alone. But as the king of a country, he has this elegance, but he can only keep pace with his predecessors. Isn't it embarrassing? Unwilling, Zhao Ji came up with a way to take the path. Since you can't really become a master, learn a few of everyone's essences, mix them together, and make a physical makeover. So he carefully studied the formal brushwork of the two brothers, Xue Ji, and injected it into Huang Tingjian's radioactive structure (tracing back to the source, you can also see the shadow of Chu Suiliang and Ji between the lines). Although the new style of "thin gold book" can only occupy the position of a teacher in the world of books, it has not been carried forward, and it has become a "Zhao Ti" (Zhao Ti's task can only be handed over to his younger generation).
1. Thin gold book is a beautiful regular script font.
2. The name of the thin gold book is also very beautiful, which is a bit of the elegance of the emperor. Of course, it would be more practical to change it to a "thin book".
Look at Xue Ji's "Xinyi Zen Master Monument" and you will know that if you lose weight, you will lose weight. However, in the early Tang Dynasty, he could not escape the limitations of the times. A lingering sense of clumsiness can always be seen in delicate brushstrokes. Although the shelf has been set up, the specific structure is not yet mature. Evonne inherited this unique "thin strength" and borrowed from Liu Yan's highly mature structural consciousness in the middle Tang Dynasty, and finally got rid of clumsiness and imprecision. In this way, it is still difficult to form a unique personal style. At present, Huang Tingjian is chic and elegant, and his fonts radiate outward, which is very appetizing to the emperor. Let's take Xi as an example. When the two are added together, the basic characteristics of the thin gold book are settled: light falling and heavy harvesting, turning bones and muscles, and strengthening the lifting and pressing action when writing with hard elasticity, the sense of rhythm and speed will be both; Sharp and clean, like a sharp knife, a sharp knife. It completely abandoned the gentle and lovely hidden front that was common in the old society, and the disadvantages of procrastination and ambiguity were swept away, but it was not quite right with the habit of being gentle and polite (I am the emperor, and I still need to stick to Confucius' golden mean? ); Structurally, the palace is tight and open all around, with an inexhaustible sense of comfort and divergence. This not only takes into account the compactness of the word heart, but also meets the spirit of flying talents when creating. Chen Zhenlian's evaluation is "light escape and falling, clouds fade and lose", which is deep in my heart.
Although the thousands of words he wrote in his early days have the meaning of a thin book, they are not yet mature and diligent in the study of predecessors. He rarely crosses the line (he was only 23 when he wrote this work, and even the emperor didn't know it). At this time, the strokes are slender, and the turning point of lifting pressure is not so smooth, especially the re-writing that later matured into a "signature dish", and there is no momentum at all, and the strength is not much different from that of ordinary pens.
However, by the time of writing the square poem, the thin gold book should have been fully formed, and with the big characters, the characteristics of the thin gold book will be fully displayed. Strictly speaking, no matter which stroke is not as delicate as before, it is just that the middle stroke is slightly convergent, and the thick strokes bring out a sharp ending, which makes it more and more arbitrary and unavoidable in this radial font structure. According to the saying that "the word is like a man", no one would have thought that Evonne, whose calligraphy creation is so crisp and hearty, would be so stupid and cowardly politically. Look at his mature works such as Summer Poems, which are all the same, but the font is smaller and slightly convergent when writing.
In fact, Evonne's achievements in cursive script were outstanding, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty when cursive script was weak. Look at the 1000-word cursive script he wrote on a horse's three-foot sketch of Un-yong Kim. In one go, the brushwork is volley and unpredictable. Just like the Yangtze River, it rushes thousands of miles, writes quickly and smoothly, and has a unique knot. And thanks to his solid foundation in thin gold calligraphy, he is complacent in any case, sharp and calm at the beginning and end of his pen, and there is no common sense of fatigue. Grass is longer than momentum, but it is difficult to elaborate.
Having said so much about the advantages of Song Huizong, we have to habitually talk about our shortcomings. Although he is ingenious and diligent in fonts, he is not a very clever style after all, but it is easy to make people shine; Secondly, my talent is not particularly outstanding, and I am poor in my later years, so my grades can't be above Su Huang's camouflage after all (I'm afraid I can't beat them if I don't say better). There are two things that are very regrettable.
1. overemphasizes the turning point, plus he is a master of meticulous flower and bird painting, and his painting accomplishment is extremely high. As we all know, calligraphy creation is the most taboo of this disease, which is why few people read the thin golden book, but under close examination, it is boring. There is too little change.
I don't know why, Evonne's brushwork always makes me feel weak. Although he has tried his best to show his sharpness when sketching, he still can't concentrate when writing vertically, so he lacks the feeling of backbone, and his font is even worse and he can't stand up. Look at some long vertical lines in his cursive script, and it is even more exhausting and unsustainable when writing. Why can't Evonne go up a storey still higher? At least this influence can't be ignored.
Zhao Jisu said that calligraphy and painting can be used, and it is not a lie. Although his calligraphy still has many disadvantages, it is undeniable that the creativity and rhythm are beyond the reach of ordinary people. And his meticulous flower-and-bird painting is much higher than his calligraphy. In this respect, Evonne is definitely a genius who can stand on the highest peak and stand out from the crowd. Later generations who learn meticulous flower-and-bird painting rarely fail to look at the painting method of Evonne's works, but I don't quite understand it, so I won't be wordy.
Yujing once recalled the past prosperity, Wan Li Imperial House, Joan Yu Lin Palace, morning orchestral and evening pipa.
Huacheng people go to today's bleak, spring dreams around the lake and sand, where is the home mountain, listening to the Qiang flute playing plum blossoms.
What a romantic son of heaven and a lonely royal family!
1 100, Song Huizong's younger brother Song Zhezong died of illness. Before Song Zhezong died, there was no arrangement for succession to the throne. Only the emperor's mother, the official palace of Queen Song Shenzong, can summon the Empress Dowager to discuss the important issue of choosing a new monarch.
This is the great-granddaughter of Xiang Minzhong, a famous woman in Song Zhenzong. After she married Song Shenzong, they got on very well. 1085, Song Shenzong fell in Funing Hall. Xiang and his mother stood together, that is. Later, Ren Xuan ordered the restoration of Qingshou Palace for the empress dowager to live in. Resolutely reject the queen mother. The reason is that Qingshou Palace is in the east of Queen Ren Xuan's residence. According to the custom of the empire, the east is the top. The Queen Mother refused to confuse the difference between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.
After Zhezong ascended the throne, he chose a queen and married his brother. Warn the queen mother not to let the women of Xiang family be attracted by wealth and not to participate in it. Anyone in the family who asks to be an official will be turned away and refused to bend the rules. Therefore, this upright and virtuous queen mother has great prestige among the ruling and opposition subjects. Because Zhezong died childless, he decided to intercede with the Queen Mother, saying that Duan Wang Bi was filial and lived a long life, so he insisted on letting Evonne succeed to the throne.
Who knows, the idea of the Queen Mother was resisted by Prime Minister Zhang Dun. The prime minister later had a bad reputation and was considered a traitor. He thought Zhao was too frivolous to be emperor. Just then, Ceng Bu, the opposition Prime Minister who knew the Privy Council, sharply accused the Prime Minister on the spot: "What you said is shocking. I don't know what your intention is? " The implication is that he is arrogant, has ulterior motives, and has ulterior motives to shut up the Prime Minister.
In this way, it was later proved that Evonne was not just "frivolous", but became Song Huizong. Unfortunately, Zhang Dun-Evonne, the prime minister regarded as a traitor, was not only unfit to be emperor. Those who thought they had ulterior motives, including the respected Empress Xiang at that time, and those who were also included in the ranks of traitors in the Song Dynasty, all chose disaster and death for the empire. The so-called frivolous greetings obviously underestimated the emperor's ability to bring disaster to the country and the people.
Song Huizong Evonne was born in 1082. It is said that before he was born, his father, Song Shenzong, came to the Secretary Province and watched a collection of portraits of the late ruler Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty. He was very fond of the style of the king who perished, so he gave birth to Song Huizong. Moreover, historical records show that when he was born, his father Song Shenzong dreamed that Li Yu came to see him. This made it widely believed that Song Huizong Evonne was the reincarnation of Li Yu.
Today, people familiar with China's literary history will find that Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, is strikingly similar to Evonne, Song Huizong:
They also have high artistic talent, brilliant talent and romantic literary talent; The difference is that in terms of poetry and music, Zhao is still a bit literary; In painting and calligraphy, Li Yu is a little less coquettish.
In governing the country, they are equally retarded, equally fatuous, equally indifferent to the life and death of others, only concerned about their own happiness, which is extremely hateful; The only difference is the degree and scope of harm to people.
They are also kings of national subjugation. Li Yu's Southern Tang Dynasty fell into the hands of her ancestors, while her Northern Song Empire fell into the hands of the Jurchen of the State of Jin.
Finally, their fate is equally tragic. After Li Yu became a prisoner, she watched her beloved wife being called by Zhao many times to pour wine, hold a banquet and sleep. When Song Huizong was swept to the edge of the frozen Heilongjiang by jurchen cavalry, almost all his wives and daughters were carved up by jurchen, and they became concubines, except the old and the faded ones. After falling out of favor, she became a handmaiden.
As the "Xuanhe Legacy" said: "This official is brilliant, good at writing Mo Zhu Jun, and can write the book of Xue Ji; Pass the book of three religions and know the canon of nine streams; Happy dusk, vaguely like Jiange Wang Mengshu; Love color and drink, just like Chen Houzhu in Jinling. " If it is really Li Yu's afterlife, he did avenge Li Yu's national subjugation-let the Northern Song Dynasty initiated by Zhao Kuangyin be destroyed by his descendants, which is the reincarnation retribution that China people especially relish.
Hard-working and promising
Judging from the available information, Song Huizong Evonne is not a dude, which can be seen from his diligence, versatility and many artistic achievements. Before he became emperor, he was a studious, enterprising and quite likable young man, and he had a good reputation both inside and outside the imperial court and inside and outside the court. It is said that he has been acting strangely since childhood. At that time, most of the children of the royal family liked to chase after debauchery and dogs, while Song Huizong was immersed in writing, painting, painting history and taking royal pictures every day, which was obviously some quite decent and healthy hobbies. So, by the time he was 16 or 17, he was "famous all over the world and enjoyed a good reputation", that is to say, his popularity was not low, but also high.
He is not fatuous. Judging from the situation at the beginning of his administration, it was indeed an extraordinary move. At that time, we drastically rectified the Chaogang, rehabilitated unjust imprisonment, demoted traitors and promoted sages. For a time, it was a new atmosphere. He once issued an imperial edict, very humbly hoping that people all over the world could freely comment on state affairs. His sincerity, peace and self-confidence are very rare in imperial edicts of past dynasties. From this imperial edict, we can clearly see the honesty and idealistic romantic desire of a young son of heaven, which is very touching to read.
When Song Zhezong was in office, he also issued an imperial edict to let the whole world write words, with thousands of contributors. As a result, when Zhang Dun became prime minister, he took these letters out of context and fined them a few words, which made people complain. In order to dispel people's worries, Song Huizong ordered the cancellation of the office dedicated to Luo Zhi crimes, which is obviously a very enlightened and welcome move.
In the early years of Hui Zong, Zhang Dun, who served as prime minister for six years in Zhezong and nine months in Huizong, suffered a heavy blow.
This Zhang Dun is an old friend of Su Dongpo. When he was young, he was famous for his talent and generosity. The two of them once went out on a long trip together. On their way to the depths of the forest in Lu Guan, when they were about to reach the Blackwater Valley, they met an abyss where the rapids roared below and there was only a wooden bridge above. Zhang Dun suggested that the two men go to the cliff opposite to write an inscription as a souvenir. Su Dongpo refused. Zhang Dun casually walked across the wooden bridge on the abyss, then tucked his robe around his waist, grabbed an old vine and swung to the other side of the rapids. On the cliff, he wrote "Su Shi and Zhang Dun swam here" in six characters, and then returned to the shore here calmly. Su Dongpo patted each other on the shoulder and responded, "You guys will kill people in the future without blinking an eye." Zhang Dun asked, "Where are you from?" Su Dongpo replied: "People who don't care about their own lives will definitely not take other people's lives seriously."
Taking Wang Anshi's political reform as an opportunity, Zhang Dun gradually became the main war faction of the political reform school, while Su Dongpo immediately joined the camp against the political reform, and became one of the main opposites that made the political reform school particularly uncomfortable with his young literary name and official voice. Zhang Dun has been prime minister for six years, and sure enough, he left no room for retreat for anyone, including himself, which proved that Su Dongpo's judgment was good. In Zhang Dun, people finally understand what is political persecution and what is political murder.
Therefore, the prime minister, who is famous for his unbridled attacks on the opposition, naturally became the first liquidation object of Hui Zong's early administration. Finally exiled to Leizhou Island. The former prime minister never returned to Beijing and died quietly in the relegated land.
At the same time, Cai Jing brothers, deeply appreciated and promoted by the Prime Minister, became the target of public criticism and were expelled from Beijing. Cai Jing was removed from his post and let him live in Hangzhou.