The nutritional requirements of mutton sheep are significantly different due to age, pregnancy or not, different lactation stages, dry lactation period and other factors. When applying feeding standard, necessary amendments and supplements should be made according to the specific conditions of mutton sheep. Feeding technology of mutton sheep silage. Increase fertility rate
Modern mutton sheep pursue high-quality characteristics such as early maturity, multiple births, fast growth and good meat quality. Through the research on breeding, hormones and nutrition, the ways to improve fertility are:
First, strengthen breeding and matching.
1 Selection of breeding ram: select and cultivate ram from the offspring of ewe with high fertility. It is required that the body shape and appearance are standard and robust, the testicles are well developed and the male characteristics are obvious. Rams that do not meet the requirements can be found and eliminated through measures such as semen quality inspection and offspring identification.
2 ewe selection: select excellent individuals from the offspring of multiparous ewes and pay attention to their lactation and lactation performance, or select multiparous ewes according to their families.
Second, the use of multiple birth genes.
It is the quickest, most effective and simplest way to improve fertility by introducing multiple-birth varieties and crossing them with local varieties.
Third, control reproductive technology.
Estrus control of 1: ① Early weaning of lambs is beneficial to the implementation of the technology of two births a year. ② Hormone therapy: First wean lambs early, then treat ewes with hormones for about 10 days, and then inject pregnant horse serum and gonadotropin (RMSG) after stopping taking drugs, which can cause estrus and ovulation. (3) Biological stimulation: mainly by adjusting the light cycle and breeding season to introduce rams to tease. ④ Vaginal sponge method: Put a sponge soaked with progesterone at the cervix on 65, 438+00 ~ 65 and 438+04 days, and inject 400 ~ 500 IU of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin after stopping taking the drug, and estrus can begin after about 30 hours, once on the day of estrus and once on the next day. ⑤ Prostate hormone method: A few days after estrus, the ewe can be estrus within 2 ~ 3 days by injecting prostaglandin into uterus or intramuscular injection.
2. Superovulation: Four days before estrus, ewes were injected with 600 ~ 1 100 IU of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin, and mated immediately after estrus. On the same day, 500 ~ 750 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin was injected into the muscle or vein, and then ovulation was performed.
3 Inducing twins and multiple births: ① Supplementary feeding and aphrodisiac method: one month before mating. (2) adopting twin lambskin or twin lambskin: water agent and oil agent, and injecting 1 ml/ewe subcutaneously in the neck 5 weeks and 2 weeks before breeding; Oil products should be injected into gluteus muscle 2 weeks before breeding, 2 ml each time.
Adopt advanced insemination technology to improve pregnancy rate. Estrus identification is convenient to grasp the time of mating or artificial insemination in time, reduce mismatch and missing mating, and improve the conception rate and lambing rate. There are three main methods for estrus identification of mutton sheep.
(1) trial planting method put the trial ram into the ewe herd every morning and evening 1 time. It can be judged that the ewe is in estrus when it is found that the test ram sniffs the ewe with its nose, teases the ewe with its hoof and climbs on its back, while the ewe is still or actively approaches the ram. When the test ram is put into the ewe flock, the environment should be kept quiet, and the ewe flock can be properly driven away so that the ewes are not crowded together.
(2) External observation This is a common method to identify ewe estrus at present, mainly by observing the external performance and mental state of ewe. Estrous ewes show excitement, loss of appetite, stop ruminating, shout loudly, wag their tails, congestion, swelling and relaxation of vulva and vagina, and discharge or flow a small amount of mucus.
(3) Vaginal examination This is a more accurate method for estrus identification. By examining the changes of vaginal mucosa, secretion and cervical orifice with a cavity opener, estrus can be judged. During vaginal examination, first protect ewe, clean vulva, then clean cavity opener, disinfect and apply lubricant. The breeder holds the cavity opener horizontally with his left hand, closes the front end, slowly inserts it from the vulva, gently opens the front end, and checks the internal changes of vagina with a flashlight. When the vaginal mucosa is found to be congested, red, bright and moist, with transparent mucus oozing, cervical hyperemia, relaxation and opening, and mucus flowing out, it can be designated as estrus. After the inspection, close the hole opener and gently pull it out. Introduction is through breeding sheep, embryos or frozen semen. Mutton sheep breeding should adhere to the principle of self-propagation and self-support, and sheep and embryos should not be introduced from countries and regions with epidemics or high risks.
In the introduction work, we should pay attention to the following problems.
Firstly, determine the suitable sheep species, introduced quantity, age and season. Should be introduced from non-epidemic areas, in strict accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Management of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, sheep breeding farms must meet the conditions of livestock and poultry farms, and must have production and business licenses and animal epidemic prevention certificates. Imported breeding sheep should have quarantine certificates and pedigree files.
Secondly, the selection of breeding sheep depends on the shape, appearance and fatness of the sheep, so as to judge the purity and health of the breed. The coat color, head type, horn and body shape of breeding sheep should meet the breed standard.
Third, look at age. Know the age of imported breeding sheep through dental judgment or breeding card, preferably Boer goat of 2-3 years old.
Fourth, judge the health status of sheep. Healthy sheep are lively and active, with bright eyes, shiny hair, strong appetite, normal breathing and body temperature, and strong limbs; Sick wool is messy, rough and dull, with dull eyes, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, rising questions, and diseases on the body surface and limbs.
Fifth, imported sheep have not been in contact with other cloven-hoofed animals during shipment and transportation, and the means of transportation should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
Sixth, sheep should be kept in isolation for at least 30 days after introduction. During this period, only after observation and quarantine can they be kept in groups. 1, leave enough grass to catch winter fertilizer.
Sheep are herbivores, so they should take grass as their staple food. In order to make Dongyang not thin, it is necessary to prepare enough forage for Dongyang, which is the material basis to ensure Dongyang. All kinds of hay, grass, leaves, vegetable leaves, vegetable stalks and crop straws should be widely collected according to the number of sheep and the required number, and can be ammoniated and alkalized for storage, or made into silage and fermented feed. Among the concentrate, barley, corn, bran, cake and distiller's grains of agricultural and sideline products are all good feeds for sheep, but the feeds should be mixed and diversified.
2. live in a warm circle to prevent colds.
As the saying goes, the sheepfold must be repaired before winter, and the sheepfold should be kept warm. It makes sense for the old shepherd to say that sheep are "air-cooled". Therefore, to prevent thieves from invading, doors and windows should be sealed with plastic film and grass curtains should be hung at night. The ground should be dry and not frozen to prevent cold and humidity. Because many places in the sheephouse are ventilated too cold, the nutritional consumption of sheep will increase, and even if it is fed well, it is difficult to maintain the fat in winter. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the heat loss of sheep is to repair the greenhouse. In the cold winter, as long as the sheep live in a warm shed, it can greatly reduce the heat loss of the sheep, prevent the sheep from catching cold and ensure the sheep to survive the winter.
3, safety, prevent the lamb flow
It is cold and snowy in winter, and the roads are slippery. The pregnant ewe should pay attention to protecting the fetus. When grazing, we should pay attention to prevent fright and slip, and don't take steep slopes, ditches or dangerous roads. No wild dogs are allowed to interfere, so as not to scare the crowd and blow it up. Pregnant sheep enter and leave the pen door to prevent crowding, squeezing and jacking, ensure the safety of pregnant sheep and avoid miscarriage. Grazing pregnant sheep, don't go too far from home, to prevent fatigue or lambing, so as to deal with it in time.
4, salt appetizer, drink plenty of water
Some people say that winter sheep are difficult to raise and salt water is fat. As long as salt is added to the water, sheep will eat more grass and drink more water, and it is easy to gain weight, which makes sense. Salt can stimulate appetite, help digestion and stop fermentation. Sheep are not prone to bloating, eat well and get sick less. If you don't drink enough water, the sheep's louvers (flap stomach) and nose will dry up, and sheep don't like to eat grass, so it is easy to dry the louvers. But sheep can't drink too cold water, let alone ice water and well water, because it is cold in winter, and drinking cold water with a full stomach will cause a sudden drop in body temperature, which is easy to catch a cold and have a fever. Especially pregnant sheep can't stand it, it's easy to miscarry and lose a lot. It's best to drink warm water.
When there are no conditions, you can drink deep well water, but drink it now to prevent long-term cold, or put the water tank indoors and drink room temperature water at a temperature of about 10℃, which can reduce the harmful stimulation to the gastrointestinal tract.
5, clever grazing in winter, feeding at night
Most sheep get pregnant in winter. Although the weather is cold, they can't always lie still in the fence, which is not good for the growth and development of pregnant sheep and fetus. Proper exercise should be combined with grazing to save forage. In winter, sheep should choose to graze in low-lying and warm ditches in the lee and the sun to prevent strong winds. Sheep winter grazing should go out late and return early, go out against the wind and return to grazing with the wind. Because going out late and returning early is a warmer time of the day. Grazing against the wind can prevent hair from being blown away and help keep warm. But grazing during the day is not enough, and you need to feed it at night when you come back. Sheep are ruminants, with strong digestive ability, and can be fed night grass, concentrate and appropriate mineral feed to meet the dual needs of breeding sheep, pregnant sheep and fetus nutrition.