A) hazard identification;
B) risk assessment;
C) risk control.
2. Importance of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
A) embodies the idea of risk management. Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control of occupational safety and health management system come from the idea of risk management. Risk management is a new management discipline that studies the law of risk occurrence and risk control technology. On the basis of hazard identification and risk assessment, we should optimize and combine various risk management technologies, effectively control risks, properly handle the consequences of losses caused by risks, and achieve the maximum safety goal at the lowest cost. That is, the essence of risk management is to eliminate all kinds of disaster consequences caused by risks in the most economical and reasonable way, which includes a set of systematic and scientific management methods, such as hazard identification, risk evaluation and risk control, that is, to study the relationship between risk and environment by using the viewpoint and method of system theory, to identify hazard sources and evaluate risks by using the theory and analysis method of safety system engineering, and then to make objective and scientific decisions on the risks existing in employers according to cost-benefit analysis, so as to determine the best scheme to deal with risks.
Risk management is a necessary link in the management process, involving many factors. Its basic process includes hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and the whole process is a cyclic process.
B) It is the foundation, input and motivation of the occupational safety and health management system. The main line of the operation of the occupational safety and health management system is the risk control process, and the basis is hazard identification, risk evaluation and risk control planning. In order to control risks, it is necessary to identify the hazards existing in all the operation activities of the employer, then evaluate the risk level of each hazard event, determine unbearable risks according to the requirements and policies of occupational safety and health laws and regulations applicable to the employer, and then control unbearable risks: formulate objectives and management plans; Implement operation control; Prepare for emergency; Strengthen training and raise awareness of occupational safety and health; Find problems and correct them through monitoring mechanism.
The results of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control planning are the main inputs of the system, that is, almost all other elements of the system are based on the results of hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control planning or need to be considered.
Hazard identification and risk assessment are the driving forces of system operation. The employer shall regularly or timely review and update the information about hazard identification, risk assessment and control measures.
3. Problems and solutions
If hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control are regarded as mandatory requirements of official institutions, it will be difficult to achieve the expected risk control effect and the risk level will not change if imperfect hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control plans are implemented. Moreover, the employer may become a mere formality on this issue and fail to achieve the real purpose. Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should provide the basis for formulating and implementing control measures.
Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control personnel may overestimate their ability to resist and control risks. Ignore the risks existing in your work scope and think that the risks that have not caused harm are acceptable risks. Therefore, the purpose of this appendix is to enable employers and their employees to use advanced management concepts for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
Employers and personnel involved in hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should have practical work experience and relevant work ability. If conditions permit, external personnel can be invited to participate in hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. Whenever possible, it is a good method to train some groups to carry out hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. When conducting hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, the employing unit shall mobilize all employees to participate, encourage employees to actively provide information needed for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and express opinions on the applicability of specific risk control measures. In large-scale employers, people with relevant abilities are needed to cooperate and guide hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, and external experts can be sought if possible.