What is a health belief model?

All the behaviors of normal people are controlled by psychological consciousness, and the behaviors that are not controlled by psychological consciousness are only instinctive behaviors (such as sucking), psychotic behaviors (such as self-injury and wounding) and neurotic behaviors (forced hand washing) of infants. The most direct psychological activity that determines people to take certain actions is people's perception, attitude and belief. Perception can also be understood as consciousness, for example, can a person realize that salty eating habits can lead to high blood pressure? Can you realize that high blood pressure will seriously endanger people's health? Do you realize that you have the ability to change your salty eating habits? Attitude can be understood as a person's attitude and psychological tendency towards a thing or a person, such as whether it is worth doing to change salty eating habits. Is it important to prevent hypertension? Belief is the strengthening of attitude and a stable psychological tendency. For example, hypertension can cause serious harm to people's health, and changing salty eating habits is very important to prevent hypertension. Health belief model (HBM) is a kind of health education model which can change people's behavior by intervening people's psychological activities such as perception, attitude and belief. It was founded in 1950s (65438-2009) by Hochbaum, a social psychologist who served in American public health institutions at that time. After continuous enrichment and development, it has become an important working mode for people to carry out health behavior intervention projects and activities. The theoretical assumption of HBM is that a person's behavior will change if he:-feels that a disease or disability can be prevented or avoided; -realize that it can be avoided as long as the recommended measures (behaviors) are taken; Be confident that you can successfully change this behavior; Since its establishment, HBM has been widely used in the planning, design and implementation of many health education and health promotion projects and activities, such as tobacco control, nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, hypertension screening, seat belt use, breast self-examination and exercise. The basic idea of HBM model can be represented by figure 1 The HBM model also has some shortcomings, including: 1. So far, most health education and health promotion projects have only used some of them; 2. As a psychological behavior change model, it does not consider the influence of other factors on human behavior, such as environmental factors and economic factors. The model does not consider the influence of social norms and peer pressure on people's behavior.