Systemic poisoning caused by contact with gasoline vapor or liquid. Acute poisoning is mainly neurological or mental symptoms, and inhalation pneumonia can be caused by accidental inhalation of gasoline into the respiratory tract; Chronic poisoning is mainly manifested as neurasthenia syndrome, autonomic dysfunction and toxic peripheral neuropathy.
Normative citation document
GBZ76 -2002 Diagnostic Criteria for Nervous System Diseases Caused by Occupational Acute Chemicals
GBZ27-2002 Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Solvent Gasoline Poisoning
Diagnostic principle
According to the occupational history of short-term inhalation of high-concentration gasoline vapor or long-term inhalation of gasoline vapor and skin contact with gasoline, the clinical manifestations are mainly central nervous system or peripheral nerve damage. Only by combining the field hygiene investigation with the determination of gasoline concentration in the air and excluding similar diseases caused by other reasons can we make a diagnosis.
Observation object
Patients with neurasthenia syndrome and autonomic nerve dysfunction with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, memory loss, insomnia, fatigue, palpitation and hyperhidrosis can be listed as observation objects.
Question 2: What are the main sources of occupational hazards in gas stations, such as gasoline, diesel oil, explosion-proof agents (originally containing lead compounds) and some noise?
Question 3: What occupational diseases do gas station workers have? 1. Occupational hazards in gas stations.
Gasoline, benzene series, noise, carbon monoxide, tetraethyl lead, etc
1, the harm of gasoline
Strong volatility, easily soluble in fat. Mainly in the form of steam inhaled into the human body through the respiratory tract, and reached the human brain through blood circulation, causing anesthesia. It has toxic effects on central nervous system and peripheral nerves, and also has adverse effects on hematopoietic function of bone marrow.
Invasion route:
Respiratory tract, skin.
Clinical poisoning manifestations:
① Acute poisoning: anesthesia symptoms, mental paralysis, unsteady gait, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, conjunctival congestion, cough, etc. In severe cases, coma, convulsion, muscle spasm, dilated pupils, dull light reflex or disappearance occur after inhaling high-concentration gasoline.
② Chronic poisoning: neurasthenia syndrome and autonomic nerve dysfunction, manifested as dizziness, forgetfulness, insomnia, dreaminess, loss of appetite, mood swings, etc. Further development can lead to multiple peripheral neuropathy, which is characterized by numbness of distal limbs, abnormal sensation, glove and sock-like pain distribution, decreased tactile sensation, weakened tendon reflex and disappearance. In severe cases, limb paralysis may occur, and neuroelectromyography shows neurogenic damage.
③ Skin contact with gasoline can dry and chapped, resulting in keratinized dermatitis; Women are very sensitive to gasoline. In addition to the above symptoms of nervous system, abnormal menstruation and cycle disorder can also occur.
Occupational exposure limits: PC-TWA300mg/m3.
2. The harm of tetraethyl lead
A certain amount of tetraethyl lead is added to the gasoline used in the transportation industry, which is a highly toxic substance. When burning, lead is released and discharged into the atmosphere with exhaust gas. If inhaled too much, it will make people's brains shrink.
Clinical poisoning manifestations:
Clinically there are comprehensive symptoms of nervous system, digestive system and blood system. The main manifestations of nervous system are neurasthenia, polyneuropathy and encephalopathy. Mild digestive symptoms are common digestive symptoms, and severe symptoms are abdominal cramps. In the blood system, lead mainly interferes with the synthesis of hemoglobin and causes the changes of its metabolites. The damage of lead to kidney is more common in acute, subacute lead poisoning or severe chronic cases, with amino acid proteinuria, red blood cells, white blood cells, casts and decreased renal function, suggesting toxic nephropathy with hypertension.
Clinical indicators of lead poisoning:
Urine lead exceeds 0.08mg/l and blood lead exceeds 50 μ g/t. Occupational history and clinical symptoms are the basis for diagnosis.
Occupational exposure limits: PC-TWA0.02mg/m3.
3, the harm of toluene
Toxic to skin and mucosa, and anesthetic to central nervous system. Inhalation of high concentration of this product in a short time can cause obvious eye and upper respiratory symptoms, conjunctival and pharyngeal congestion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, limb weakness, gait stumbling and confusion. In severe cases, restlessness, convulsions and coma may occur.
Second, possible occupational diseases
Gasoline poisoning, occupational lead poisoning, benzene poisoning.
Third, protective measures:
1. Know enough about the toxicity of oil, and don't be careless. Work must strictly abide by the relevant operating procedures.
2. The state stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration of gasoline vapor is 350mg/m3, so the concentration of gasoline in production, storage and use places should be lower than this hygienic standard to ensure safe production.
3. Pay special attention to prevent gasoline from leaking and pay attention to the ventilation in the workplace.
4. It is forbidden to suck oil with your mouth, especially leaded gasoline. It is forbidden to add leaded gasoline to lighters. It is forbidden to clean automobile parts and clothes with leaded gasoline.
5. Work clothes and protective gloves should be worn when contacting gasoline. Wash your hands and face with soap and water after work, and take a bath if possible. Don't eat food and smoke immediately after contact with gasoline.
6. Oil depot staff are not allowed to enter the oil tank at will to clean the bottom oil. If it is necessary to clean the oil tank, natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation should be adopted first to reduce the concentration of oil vapor in the oil tank. Personnel entering the tank must wear work clothes, rubber shoes and rubber gloves, and if necessary, wear filter gas masks, safety belts and signal ropes. In addition, the outside of the fuel tank should be guarded by special personnel, and contact at any time, which is also convenient for rotation operation. The continuous working hours of each person shall not exceed 15 minutes.
7. When you find symptoms of gasoline poisoning such as dizziness, headache and vomiting at work, you should immediately stop working and rest in a place with fresh air. Serious cases should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
8. Personnel who come into contact with gasoline should undergo health examination before taking up their posts. Anyone suffering from nervous system diseases, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases, tuberculosis, liver diseases, etc. Should not be engaged in this kind of work. In the regular health examination, all patients diagnosed with the above diseases should be transferred from their jobs exposed to gasoline ... >>
Question 4: How do gas station employees identify hazard factors? The occupational hazards of gas stations mainly include noise, gasoline, diesel and natural gas vehicle exhaust (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.). ) and the occupational hazards of staff in the labor process: for example, the oiler (bad * * *) standing for a long time will lead to varicose veins.
Preventive measures for occupational hazards:
1. Each subordinate unit shall create a working environment and conditions that meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements for its employees, and take measures to ensure that workers are protected by occupational health.
2. When signing a labor notification contract (including the employment contract, the same below) with the employed or employed employees, the human resources department of the employing unit shall truthfully inform the employees of the possible occupational hazards and their consequences, occupational disease protection measures and treatment in the course of work, and specify them in the labor contract. If a labor notification contract (including employment contract, the same below) has not been signed with the on-the-job employees, a supplementary contract shall be signed with the employees in accordance with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations on occupational disease prevention and control.
3. During the conclusion of the labor contract, when an employee engages in an operation with occupational hazards that is not informed in the labor contract due to changes in his/her post or job content, the Human Resources Department and the Environmental Protection Department of the company shall truthfully inform the employee of the occupational hazards caused by his/her current post and job content, and sign a supplementary contract to inform him/her of the occupational hazards caused by labor changes.
4. The employing unit that produces occupational hazards shall set up a bulletin board in a prominent position to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational hazards and the detection results of occupational hazards in the workplace. Warning signs and Chinese warning instructions should be set up in eye-catching positions for jobs that cause serious occupational hazards to inform workers. Warning instructions shall specify the types, consequences, prevention and emergency treatment measures of occupational hazards.
5. The environmental protection and safety department of the employing unit shall regularly or irregularly supervise, inspect and guide the implementation of the notification system of occupational hazards in each secondary unit to ensure the implementation of the notification system.
Question 5: What are the occupational hazards of gas stations? The main occupational hazards of gas stations are gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as noise and bad meteorological conditions.
Question 6: What are the occupational hazards of gas stations? What are the occupational hazards of gas stations? Answer your questions about the occupational hazards of filling stations;
Gasoline, benzene series, noise, carbon monoxide, tetraethyl lead, etc
1, the harm of gasoline
Strong volatility, easily soluble in fat. Mainly in the form of steam inhaled into the human body through the respiratory tract, and reached the human brain through blood circulation, causing anesthesia. It has toxic effects on central nervous system and peripheral nerves, and also has adverse effects on hematopoietic function of bone marrow.
Invasion route:
Respiratory tract, skin.
Clinical poisoning manifestations:
① Acute poisoning: anesthesia symptoms, mental paralysis, unsteady gait, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, conjunctival congestion, cough, etc. In severe cases, coma, convulsion, muscle spasm, dilated pupils, dull light reflex or disappearance occur after inhaling high-concentration gasoline.
② Chronic poisoning: neurasthenia syndrome and autonomic nerve dysfunction, manifested as dizziness, forgetfulness, insomnia, dreaminess, loss of appetite, mood swings, etc. Further development can lead to multiple peripheral neuropathy, which is characterized by numbness of distal limbs, abnormal sensation, glove and sock-like pain distribution, decreased tactile sensation, weakened tendon reflex and disappearance. In severe cases, limb paralysis may occur, and neuroelectromyography shows neurogenic damage.
③ Skin contact with gasoline can dry and chapped, resulting in keratinized dermatitis; Women are very sensitive to gasoline. In addition to the above symptoms of nervous system, abnormal menstruation and cycle disorder can also occur.
Occupational exposure limits: PC-TWA300mg/m3.
2. The harm of tetraethyl lead
A certain amount of tetraethyl lead is added to the gasoline used in the transportation industry, which is a highly toxic substance. When burning, lead is released and discharged into the atmosphere with exhaust gas. If inhaled too much, it will make people's brains shrink.
Clinical poisoning manifestations:
Clinically, there are symptoms of nervous system, digestive system and blood system. The main manifestations of nervous system are neurasthenia, polyneuropathy and encephalopathy. Mild digestive symptoms are common digestive symptoms, and severe symptoms are abdominal cramps. In the blood system, lead mainly interferes with the synthesis of hemoglobin and causes the changes of its metabolites. The damage of lead to kidney is more common in acute, subacute lead poisoning or severe chronic cases, with amino acid proteinuria, red blood cells, white blood cells, casts and decreased renal function, suggesting toxic nephropathy with hypertension.
Clinical indicators of lead poisoning:
Urine lead exceeds 0.08mg/l and blood lead exceeds 50 μ g/t. Occupational history and clinical symptoms are the basis for diagnosis.
Occupational exposure limits: PC-TWA0.02mg/m3.
3, the harm of toluene
Toxic to skin and mucosa, and anesthetic to central nervous system. Inhalation of high concentration of this product in a short time can cause obvious eye and upper respiratory symptoms, conjunctival and pharyngeal congestion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, limb weakness, gait stumbling and confusion. In severe cases, restlessness, convulsions and coma may occur.
Second, possible occupational diseases
Gasoline poisoning, occupational lead poisoning, benzene poisoning.
Third, protective measures:
1. Know enough about the toxicity of oil, and don't be careless. Work must strictly abide by the relevant operating procedures.
2. The state stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration of gasoline vapor is 350mg/m3, so the concentration of gasoline in production, storage and use places should be lower than this hygienic standard to ensure safe production.
3. Pay special attention to prevent gasoline from leaking and pay attention to the ventilation in the workplace.
4. It is forbidden to suck oil with your mouth, especially leaded gasoline. It is forbidden to add leaded gasoline to lighters. It is forbidden to clean automobile parts and clothes with leaded gasoline.
5. Work clothes and protective gloves should be worn when contacting gasoline. Wash your hands and face with soap and water after work, and take a bath if possible. Don't eat food and smoke immediately after contact with gasoline.
6. Oil depot staff are not allowed to enter the oil tank at will to clean the bottom oil. If it is necessary to clean the oil tank, natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation should be adopted first to reduce the concentration of oil vapor in the oil tank. Personnel entering the tank must wear work clothes, rubber shoes and rubber gloves, and if necessary, wear filter gas masks, safety belts and signal ropes. In addition, the outside of the fuel tank should be guarded by special personnel, and contact at any time, which is also convenient for rotation operation. The continuous working hours of each person shall not exceed 15 minutes.
7. When you find symptoms of gasoline poisoning such as dizziness, headache and vomiting at work, you should immediately stop working and rest in a place with fresh air. Serious cases should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
8. Personnel who come into contact with gasoline should undergo health examination before taking up their posts. Anyone suffering from nervous system diseases, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases, tuberculosis, liver diseases, etc. Should not be engaged in this kind of work. In the regular health examination, all patients diagnosed with the above diseases should be released from contact ... >>
Question 7: What are the occupational hazards of gas stations? The main occupational hazards of gas stations are gasoline, aromatic hydrocarbons, noise and carbon monoxide. There is low temperature operation in winter. There is high temperature operation in summer.
Question 8: Occupational hazard assessment of gas station (gasoline). Which gas station is used for occupational hazard assessment? The main occupational hazards are gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene series), so it is suggested to identify carbon monoxide.
Question 9: Occupational hazard assessment of gas stations is conducted once every few years. Enterprises with serious occupational hazards should evaluate the current situation every three years. An enterprise that has an occupational hazard accident shall immediately evaluate the current situation. To apply for a new or renewed occupational health license, it is necessary to evaluate the current situation.
Question 10: What are the occupational hazards of oil storage and transportation enterprises? The particularity of petrochemical production determines that occupational safety and health management in this industry is extremely important. Most petrochemical enterprises have a special production environment, and front-line workers have more opportunities to contact with toxic and harmful substances such as ketones, noise, dust and formaldehyde, so it is very important to prevent and treat chronic occupational diseases. At present, large enterprises implement the responsibility system of top leaders, and the occupational safety and health management system is relatively perfect. All petroleum and petrochemical enterprises have professional institutions for occupational disease prevention and control, and have established perfect health management regulations for petroleum and petrochemical enterprises, which has improved the scientific nature of occupational health management. On-site safety management and occupational health management overlap and repeat, and emergencies are often prevented and controlled by safety supervision, mistakenly thinking that occupational health management is not a problem as long as on-site safety supervision is done well. As a result, the long-term chronic health damage of many front-line employees is often not paid enough attention, and it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees in the labor process. In order to prevent and reduce occupational hazards, improve the working environment and protect the life and health rights of workers, the author believes that the occupational safety and health supervision mechanism should be gradually established and improved. First, improve institutions, straighten out regulatory responsibilities, effectively strengthen the construction of occupational safety and health regulatory agencies, and give guidance and support to the construction of local and grassroots occupational safety and health regulatory agencies. The second is to strengthen communication and cooperation with health, human resources and social security, trade unions and other departments and organizations to form a joint force of supervision. For key industries, key enterprises and key groups with outstanding occupational hazards such as petroleum and chemical industry, we should focus on supervision and inspection, carry out regular inspections and spot checks, and give serious treatment to problems found; Establish an accident investigation responsibility system for the investigation and handling of occupational hazard accidents; Carry out regular training and establish a post system for occupational health supervisors.