Sports and health knowledge activity plan 1
Teaching objectives:
1, cognitive goal: to understand the causes of sports injuries and common sense of prevention.
2. Skill goal: Understand the prevention methods of sports injury accidents, and learn some scientific exercise methods and self-protection skills.
3. Emotional goal: Understand the movement of safety science, understand that the movement should be scientific, reasonable and safe, and have a sense of self-protection.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Key points and difficulties:
1, teaching focus: understand the safety precautions of sports.
Safety precautions when participating in sports are one of the standards for students to protect their own safety in future sports, so they are the focus of teaching content.
2. Teaching difficulties: deepening the awareness of sports safety can prevent knowledge and skills from being used independently in future sports.
In sports, safety precautions can reduce sports safety accidents, which requires students to have strong self-protection and coping ability, which is difficult for students, so it is the difficulty of teaching content.
Sixth, teaching mode: guided classroom teaching mode.
1, guiding students to explore, discover, communicate and seek answers independently.
2. Guide students into the teaching situation, take students as the main body, let students participate in classroom interaction with their own physical exercise experience and activity experience, highlight the teaching focus and break through the teaching difficulties.
Seven, teaching strategies: active participation in teaching strategies.
Through examples, courseware, teacher-student interaction, etc. Guide students to actively participate in sports activities or experiences.
Eight, preparation before class
1, students' preparation for study: find and collect relevant information about sports safety knowledge of primary school students.
2. Teachers' teaching preparation: find and collect pictures, words, videos, audio and other materials, make courseware, prepare lessons carefully, arrange ideas, preset class hours and prepare teaching AIDS.
3, the design of teaching environment: teacher-student interaction, to mobilize students to actively participate in classroom interaction.
X. Teaching process:
(1) import
1, Introduction: Students, what sports injuries are there in class?
Students have their own opinions.
2. Students explore independently: the causes of sports injuries.
Students discuss and communicate, and publish separately.
1) lack of understanding
Insufficient understanding of the importance of preventing sports injuries, failure to take active and effective preventive measures, or improper measures may lead to sports injuries.
2) insufficient preparation activities
(1) Intense sports activities without warm-up activities are easy to cause sports injuries such as muscle injury, tendon sprain and ligament strain;
(2) Warm-up activities are perfunctory, and exercise before the functions of motor system and nervous system reach the corresponding level, which is easy to cause damage to organ function;
(3) Warm-up activities should not be too much or excessive, resulting in ineffective warm-up activities or decreased physical function.
3) Poor mental state
In activities, impatience, fear, shyness, inexperience or overreaching can easily lead to injury accidents.
4) Climate factors
Excessive temperature and humid weather lead to a lot of sweating and water loss; Frostbite or other injury accidents are prone to occur in cold winter.
5) Weak physical fitness and poor sports foundation make it impossible to meet the needs of sports activities for a while, which is prone to injury accidents.
6) Violation of classroom discipline, activity requirements and regulations is also the cause of physical injury accidents.
3. What safety matters should be paid attention to in physical education class and sports activities?
Students express their opinions.
4. The teacher summed up and put forward the topic: elementary school students' sports safety knowledge.
(2) Explore new knowledge
Activity 1: What should I pay attention to before exercise?
1, check your physical condition.
To participate in sports activities, we must first understand our physical condition, learn to monitor ourselves, pay attention to the changes of physical function at any time, report the situation to the teacher in time if there are bad symptoms, and take necessary health care measures. Don't hide your illness because you have heart disease or other diseases that are not suitable for participating in sports activities, and reluctantly participate in activities.
Students with the following diseases or symptoms are prohibited from participating in sports activities:
① Acute disease with elevated body temperature;
② Acute stage of various visceral diseases (heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases);
③ Any disease with bleeding tendency, such as hemoptysis of lung and bronchus, nosebleeds, bleeding risk shortly after injury, gastrointestinal bleeding soon after injury, etc.
Students suffering from heart disease, hypertension and other diseases are forbidden to take part in long-term strenuous exercise such as long-distance running.
2, check the site and equipment
It is necessary to carefully check the sports venues and sports equipment to eliminate potential safety hazards. Pay attention to unsafe factors in the site, such as whether the site is flat or not, and remove stones and clods; Check the looseness of the silo for stones and sundries; Check whether the sports facilities are firm, safe and reliable, and whether the equipment is in good condition. Don't take risks, ensure your own safety.
Step 3 get ready for exercise
Wear sportswear and sports shoes, don't wear all kinds of metal or glass ornaments, and don't carry sharp objects. Do warm-up activities.
Cooperative inquiry: why do you want to do warm-up activities?
It is to overcome the physiological inertia of internal organs and reduce the chance of sports injury.
Not paying attention to the warm-up activities before exercise, or insufficient, incorrect and unscientific warm-up activities, are important reasons for sports injuries; Insufficient warm-up activities, muscle, viscera and nervous system functions are not excited, and muscle blood supply is insufficient. In such a physical state, the activities are stiff and uncoordinated, which is easy to cause injuries. If you suddenly do strenuous exercise, you will have palpitation, chest tightness, weakness of limbs, difficulty breathing, dyskinesia and so on.
Activity 2: What are the precautions during exercise? (demonstration)
1, master the essentials of action
In physical exercise activities, understanding and mastering the essentials and methods of movements can not only give full play to technical movements and achieve the purpose of physical exercise, but also eliminate psychological fears, enhance self-confidence and avoid unnecessary injuries.
2. Use the equipment correctly.
Understand and master the performance, function and usage of the equipment. We should strictly abide by the relevant operating procedures. When using some sports equipment (such as shot put, solid ball, etc.) ), we should pay attention to choose the right venue to ensure our own safety, but also pay attention not to hurt the safety of others.
3. Exercise load should be appropriate.
To participate in sports activities, we should choose the most beneficial exercise load according to our physical condition. It can be done step by step, from easy to difficult, from small to large. The load is too small, which has little effect on the body; Excessive load will damage the body; Only proper exercise load can effectively enhance physical fitness and improve health level.
Activity 3: What are the precautions after exercise?
1, seriously do the restoration and consolidation activities.
The purpose of doing recovery activities is to make the human body better transition from a tense state of exercise to a quiet state, so that the heart can gradually restore calm and relaxation. If you stop exercising suddenly, it will cause temporary anemia, produce a series of adverse phenomena such as palpitation and fainting, and damage your physical and mental health. After strenuous exercise, you should do some gentle activities, such as walking and taking a deep breath slowly. These activities, also known as completing exercises, can gradually restore the cardiovascular system to normal.
2. Self-check exercise response
If you feel tired, sore limbs, flustered and dizzy, it means that the exercise load is too large and you need to adjust and rest well. After a reasonable rest, I feel comfortable, cheerful, full of physical strength, increased appetite and good sleep, which shows that the exercise load arrangement is reasonable.
3, properly replenish energy
Taking part in sports consumes a lot of energy, so we should eat scientifically after exercise (replenish energy properly before exercise) to ensure the needs of the body and the best exercise effect.
① Eat 1 hour after half an hour.
② Avoid drinking caffeinated drinks.
③ Drink water (salty) after 5 to 10 minutes.
(3) in-depth understanding
Activity 4: carding and induction
Formula of primary school students' sports safety (music demonstration)
1, extracurricular activities to the playground, check the venue and equipment;
2, sportswear should be put on first, watch accessories should be removed;
3. Warm up before exercise, move your limbs and twist your waist;
4, drink some water before and after exercise, strenuous exercise should be moderate;
5. Follow the rules and be civilized, and put an end to dangerous actions;
6. After the exercise, do a good job of recovery and finishing.
Then through combing and induction, students can deeply understand and learn the measures and methods taken to prevent sports injuries, improve the practical application ability of sports safety prevention methods, and enhance students' awareness of safety prevention.
(4) Expansion and extension
Common sports injuries and their treatment
1, abrasion (skin surface damage after rubbing) Treatment: A, mild abrasion: If the wound is clean, it can heal itself by applying red or purple liquid. B, severe abrasion: (first stop bleeding) cold compress method (explanation), limb lifting method, bandage pressure dressing method, finger pointing directly to pressure hemostasis method. Cold compress: it can make blood vessels contract, reduce local congestion, lower tissue temperature and inhibit nerve sensation, so it has the functions of hemostasis, analgesia and detumescence, and is often used for acute closed soft tissue injury.
2. Treatment of nosebleeds (nosebleeds due to external impact): The injured person should sit down, lean back, temporarily breathe through his mouth, plug his nostrils with gauze, and apply a cold towel on his forehead and nose bridge to stop bleeding.
3, sprain (when the range of motion of the joint exceeds the normal limit, the ligaments, tendons and muscles attached around the joint are torn) Severe sprain treatment: first of all, stop bleeding and relieve pain. You can lift the injured limb, wash the injured part with cold water or apply a cold towel to make the blood vessels contract, reduce the bleeding degree and relieve the pain. Don't rub your selfishness to prevent bleeding from increasing. Then apply cotton to the wound and bandage it under pressure. After 48 hours of injury, use hot compress to promote the absorption of congestion.
4. Contusion (subcutaneous tissue, muscles, ligaments or other tissues are injured under the direct action of blunt objects or external forces, and the injured skin is often intact or only slightly damaged. ) processing with (3).
5, concussion (the head is hit by an external force or collided with a hard object, causing excessive vibration of brain nerve cells and fibers. ) can be divided into mild, moderate and severe concussion. Treatment: For patients with mild concussion, after a quiet bed rest for a day or two, they can participate in appropriate activities one week later. For moderate and severe concussion, keep the wounded absolutely quiet, lie flat, apply cold compress to the head, keep warm, and send them to the hospital for treatment in time.
6. Dislocation (due to direct or indirect violence, the articular surface deviates from the normal anatomical position. ) treatment: the action should be light, and stretching and twisting are not allowed. You can apply cold compress first, put a bandage on it, keep the joint fixed, and then ask the doctor to correct it.
7. Treatment of fracture (the integrity of bone is destroyed): First, we should prevent shock, keep warm, stop bleeding and relieve pain, then bind up and fix it and send it to hospital for treatment.
(5)
Which sports children should not participate too early? (demonstration)
Events that cause joint deformation, muscle-bearing events, heavy-load events and energy-consuming events should not be attended too early. Such as: long-distance running, handstand, weightlifting, tug-of-war, arm wrestling and so on.
Let students know the dangers of sports events, promote students' understanding of sports safety prevention knowledge, and further consolidate sports safety prevention and self-care knowledge.
(6) class summary:
1. How much sports safety knowledge do students know through self-evaluation?
2. Students evaluate each other's grades to see who is doing well.
3. The teacher concluded:
Scientific and safe exercise can enhance physical fitness and promote our physical and mental health. On the contrary, if you can't do scientific and safe sports in sports, you won't achieve the purpose of sports, and improper sports will also cause harm to the human body. Therefore, if we know some common sense of sports safety, master some knowledge of safety precautions and develop good habits of safe sports, we will achieve the goal of physical and mental health.
XI。 blackboard-writing design
Common sense of sports safety for primary school students
1, get ready before exercise
2. Speak science when exercising.
3. Recovery after exercise
Using this inductive blackboard writing is convenient for students to learn and master systematically, and improve their safety awareness and self-protection ability.
Twelve. Job design
Take what you learned today home and communicate with your family.
According to the understanding and ability level of primary school students, combined with the characteristics of the close connection between the teaching materials of this course and real life, students can gain indirect experience through communication with their families and promote the improvement of students' awareness of sports safety.
Thirteen. Teaching design shows that physical education is an important part of school education. Due to their own characteristics (sports, equipment) or other factors, sports injury accidents (especially sports injuries) occur from time to time, which become unsafe factors in the process of school education and bring great psychological and physical harm to students. The primary school students' weak awareness of safety protection and lack of sports safety knowledge and self-care methods are the root causes of safety accidents in sports activities. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to learn to protect themselves, pay attention to safety precautions and prevent sports injuries.
1. The teaching of sports safety common sense for primary school students can train students' comprehensive application ability of knowledge by collecting data before class and carrying out thematic tasks during class.
2. The key and difficult point of teaching is to let students interact with their own sports experience, with the help of teachers' guidance and courseware demonstration, so that students can initially master the common sense of sports safety and try to use it.
3. Will. Safety first? 、? Health first? Put the guiding ideology in the first place, let the sports safety consciousness penetrate into every student's mind, and let every student have certain sports safety knowledge, prevention consciousness and self-protection ability.
Sports and health knowledge activity plan II
Pre-match preparation
1 First of all, from today until three days before the competition, eat less or no sugary food, and start eating more sugary food three days before the competition. On the day of the game, you are 80% full and easy to digest. You can drink 200ML of 40% glucose water 30-40 minutes before the competition. Besides, take three tablets of vitamin C instead of chocolate.
2 Do a good job in preparing for the exercise. Track and field sports can easily cause injuries to muscles, joints and ligaments, especially lower limbs. The only way to prevent it is to prepare before the game. The more prepared you are, the less likely you are to get hurt. On the basis of jogging, you can exercise the muscles of shoulder joint, elbow joint, back and waist, legs, knees and ankles, strengthen the strength of muscle ligaments, improve the sensitivity and coordination of the body, thus preventing injuries and improving sports performance.
Before sports or competitions, students should pay attention to maintaining good sleep and physical reserves, and should control too much diet and water before competitions, and do not drink alcohol.
After exercise or competition, you should do a good job of relaxation and restore your physical strength and muscle strength as soon as possible. Its method is to shake and pat all parts of the body and massage with each other.
Don't take off your coat before you have a fever, and put on your coat immediately after the long-distance running to prevent you from catching a cold. Long-distance running shoes and socks should be soft and feet.
Scientific drinking water method after exercise
To replenish the water lost by exercise in the body, we should pay attention to several problems:
1 drinking water quality. Drink boiled water, or mung bean soup, or 1% light salt water.
Avoid drinking too cold water. Otherwise, it will strongly stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and cause gastrointestinal dysfunction.
3 Water consumption. Should be divided into several times, each time no more than 200 ml, before and after the interval 15 minutes, the speed can not be too fast.
After exercise, three and five are not suitable.
1 I don't think I will smoke right away. Otherwise, chest tightness, dizziness and fatigue are all caused by insufficient oxygen supply.
It is not advisable to take a bath immediately. Otherwise, it will cause insufficient blood supply to the heart and brain.
It is not advisable to be greedy for cold drinks. Otherwise, it will cause gastrointestinal spasm, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
4 it is not advisable to rest. Otherwise, it will affect blood circulation and aggravate physical fatigue.
5 it is not advisable to eat immediately. Otherwise, it will increase the burden on the digestive organs.
What should I eat after exercise?
Many fitness enthusiasts and dieters know that fish is a high-protein and low-fat food, which is very beneficial to reducing fat and shaping. So many people like to eat a delicious fish meal after fitness. I think this can effectively supplement nutrition, restore physical strength and reduce fatigue. However, the opposite is true. Sports nutrition experts believe that eating fish after exercise is easier to get tired.
Master Li Xiaodong, the team doctor of the national shooting team, believes that after physical labor or strenuous exercise, the body will feel very tired, which is because the body produces a lot of lactic acid. Fish is an acidic food. Eating fish after exercise will acidify the blood, and a large amount of lactic acid produced in the body will aggravate the degree of fatigue. He suggested that you should eat some alkaline foods after exercise, such as milk, vegetables, fruits, seaweed and so on.
Five about muscle soreness
Causes of muscle soreness:
The muscle elasticity of 1 increases sharply, which will cause physical damage to muscle structural components. With the increase of aging metabolism, the toxicity of metabolic waste to tissues increases.
The neuromodulation of muscles changes, causing muscle spasm and pain.
How to prevent it?
1, the exercise schedule should be reasonable. After a period of exercise, the symptoms of muscle soreness were alleviated. And be single-minded. For example, downhill exercise can relieve muscle pain caused by downhill exercise after a period of time.
2, local warm rubbing medicine. Washing with warm water after exercise can relieve muscle soreness. Topical oil, ointment or liniment can also relieve pain.
3. Stretching muscles can relieve soreness. Stretching muscles can accelerate the relaxation of muscles, relieve antagonistic muscles and help the recovery of tense muscles. This kind of muscle stretching exercise also lays a foundation for preventing strain during exercise.
4. Make preparations and organize activities during exercise. Adequate warm-up activities and reasonable finishing exercises are helpful to prevent or relieve muscle soreness.
Six about the prevention of abdominal pain during exercise:
Abdominal pain caused by intra-abdominal or extraabdominal diseases is mainly treated by primary disease, so medical supervision should be strengthened and various physical examinations should be done regularly. Chronic diseases should be treated persistently.
Exercise should be scientific, the amount of exercise should be gradual, and meals should be arranged reasonably. You can only take part in strenuous exercise after meals 1-2 hours, and don't eat cold drinks and indigestible food.
Warm-up activities should be done fully and reasonably, starting from the general slow physical exercise, gradually increasing the amount and intensity of exercise until the body is adjusted to the degree suitable for strenuous exercise, and then conducting special exercises or competitions. Pay attention to the breathing rhythm during exercise, and pay attention to replenish water and salt in time when there is more water loss.
When you exercise actively, you must protect yourself carefully to prevent sports injuries. I wish you good results in the sports meeting. Come on! ! !
Chapter III of Sports and Health Knowledge Activity Plan
1. What is the meaning of health?
Health means that physical, psychological and social adaptability is in good condition.
Two, the role of health education in creating a healthy city is:
1, social mobilization, mobilize the masses to participate extensively, and form an atmosphere of creating a healthy city;
2. Disseminate health-related knowledge and improve citizens' health quality;
3. Change unhealthy and uncivilized behaviors of individuals and groups, and promote the healthy development of cities.
Three, the common behaviors and lifestyles harmful to health are:
Smoking, alcoholism, bad eating habits, lack of physical exercise, narrow-mindedness, etc.
Four, eight kinds of harmful behaviors are:
1, smoking; 2. Excessive drinking; 3. Improper medication; 4. Lack of regular physical exercise, or sudden excessive exercise; 5, too many calories or too salty diet, uncontrolled diet; 6. Do not accept scientific and reasonable medical treatment; 7. Adverse reaction to social pressure; 8. Lifestyle that destroys the biological rhythm of the body.
Five, the harm of smoking to human health is:
1. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, coal tar, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances, which can lead to bronchitis, lung cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Smoking pollutes the air.
3. Smoking in pregnant women affects fetal development.
Six, sprouted potatoes can't eat because:
After potatoes germinate, they can produce a toxic substance called solanine, which mainly accumulates in the buds and eyes of potatoes and can cause food poisoning after eating.
Seven, green beans can cause food poisoning is:
When green beans are not ripe, they contain a toxic substance called saponin, which will cause food poisoning if eaten. Saponin will be destroyed when it encounters high heat, so be sure to cook the green beans.
Eight, eat less smoked food because:
Smoked food contains carcinogens, which are difficult to remove by processing. Therefore, we should eat less smoked food.
Nine, how to prevent hypertension? 1, life should be regular, avoid excessive brain use, and achieve a combination of work and rest; 2. Avoid participating in or watching competitive sports; 3, low-salt diet, moderate diet, limit weight, do not smoke, do not drink; 4, under the guidance of a doctor, rational drug use, blood pressure 1-2 times a week.
X. how to prevent diabetes?
1, scientific and reasonable diet, weight control, prevent obesity; 2. Eat more fruits and vegetables and increase the intake of vitamins; 3. Eat less sugar or sweets; 4, regular exercise, regular physical examination.
XI。 How to pay attention to heart care?
① Exercise regularly to enhance myocardial contractility; ② No smoking: ③ Low-fat diet, weight control, prevention of arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease; (4) Have a good mood, get enough sleep and combine work and rest. Twelve, how to pay attention to the health care of the lungs?
① Do not smoke, smoking will cause lung cancer, bronchitis and emphysema; (2) Open the window frequently and clean it in a wet way to keep the indoor air fresh; ③ kitchen range hood; ④ Keep warm to prevent colds and lung infections; ⑤ Exercise regularly to enhance respiratory function and vital capacity. Thirteen, what are the functions of the liver?
Is the liver human? Chemical plant? : ① can secrete bile; (2) processing and utilizing nutrients absorbed from the intestine; (3) Detoxify various harmful substances in the human body, and then excrete them. Fourteen, how to protect the liver?
(1) no drinking; 2 Do not eat moldy food; ③ Do not abuse drugs; ④ Actively prevent viral hepatitis.
Fifteen, how to pay attention to the health care of the stomach?
① Eat regularly and quantitatively, and don't overeat; ② Don't smoke or drink too much; 3 eat less salty, smoked and fried food, otherwise it is easy to get gastric cancer; ④ Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, be optimistic and cheerful, and prevent festering.
Sixteen, how to protect the kidney?
① Drink plenty of boiled water properly; 2 don't urinate; ③ Prevent urinary tract infection and nephritis.
Seventeen, what is mental health?
Mental health performance is as follows: ① normal intellectual development; 2 have self-knowledge; ③ Good interpersonal relationship: ④ Always maintain a stable and optimistic mood.
Eighteen, how to maintain emotional stability and happiness?
(1) Know yourself correctly and evaluate yourself; Love life and have confidence in the future; 3 Be good at forbearance and restraint, be generous to others, and be indifferent to things; (4) Be able to calmly handle unexpected events such as joy and sadness.
Nineteen, how to correctly handle interpersonal relationships?
① Strengthen ideological and moral cultivation and maintain psychological balance; ② Cultivate a good personality of respecting others and sincerely helping others; ③ Always understand each other and put yourself in each other's shoes; (4) Dare to uphold the truth and uphold justice.
Twenty, pay attention to eye hygiene? Two yes, two no.
(1) two essentials: ① reading and writing posture should be correct and maintained? One foot, one punch, one inch? That is, the eyes are one foot away from the book, the body punches from the edge of the table, and the fingers are one inch away from the nib; (2) Take a rest after reading and writing for an hour or so, or look far away for a while.
(2) Don't: ① Don't read or write in dim light or direct sunlight; ② Don't read while lying down, walking or riding a bike.