Dust hazard.
In the process of operation, a large amount of dust which may contain silicon, chromium, aluminum, iron, copper and hemp will be produced, which will bring serious occupational hazards to operators. Most organic solvents are toxic. Trichloroethylene poisoning can cause rash, fainting, high fever, swollen lymph nodes, and finally lead to various complications until skin ulceration, liver and kidney failure and death; Benzene poisoning mainly affects human hematopoietic function, from leukopenia to aplastic anemia, and finally leukemia. Carbon tetrachloride can cause serious damage to liver and kidney. In addition, a lot of chromium fog will be emitted when chromium plating. Chromium compounds can cause skin ulcers, anemia, nephritis, neuritis and other diseases, and have carcinogenic and gene mutation effects.
B the danger of electric shock.
Human contact with high and low voltage power supply may cause electric shock casualties. There are many electrical equipment used in electroplating production, such as polisher, roller, rectifier power supply, traveling crane, centrifugal dryer, electric heater, filter, barrel plating machine, sewage treatment equipment, etc. Their input voltage is usually very high. In addition, the electroplating workshop is wet and the equipment is easy to be corroded. Therefore, in the process of use and maintenance, if the equipment runs abnormally, the protective measures are ineffective or the operation is wrong, it is easy to cause electric shock accidents.
Other dangers.
In addition to the above main hazards, there may be noise hazards (such as ultrasonic cleaning, compressed air drying and other processes), mechanical injuries and lifting injuries in electroplating production.
Take cyanide as an example. Cyanide is one of the commonly used chemical raw materials in electroplating. It is easily absorbed by human body and can enter human body through oral cavity, respiratory tract or healthy skin. When cyanide enters the stomach, it can be immediately hydrolyzed into cyanohydrocarbon acid, which is absorbed under the dissociation of gastric acid. After this substance enters the blood circulation, FE3+ of cytochrome oxidase in blood combines with cyanide to generate ferrocyanide cytochrome oxidase, which loses the ability to transfer electrons, breaks the respiratory chain and leads to cell suffocation and death. Because cyanide is relatively soluble in lipids, the central nervous system, especially the respiratory center, is the first to suffer.
In the electroplating industry with high toxicity and pollution, most enterprises failed to detect the occupational hazards in the workplace according to the regulations, and did not provide workers with perfect personal protective equipment. During the special inspection involving occupational hazards in electroplating industry in Wuxi, the health supervision department inspected 4 enterprises/kloc-0. According to statistics, 564 people were exposed to occupational hazards, but only 108 people were monitored for occupational health, which is worrying.
To do a good job in the prevention and control of occupational diseases in electroplating work, we must start from the following aspects:
1, protection and labor protection facilities.
Main standard basis: Rules for Selection of Labor Protection Articles (GB11651-89) and Labor Protection Articles Equipment Standard (for Trial Implementation) (Guo Jing Mao An [2000] 189) are equipped according to the hazards of each post, and the main hazards of electroplating are drugs. ). Personal protection is mainly anti-virus and chemical burns. You should choose: acid-proof overalls, acid-proof aprons, gas masks (choose the corresponding models), acid-proof gloves and acid-proof shoes. It should be noted that the filter gas mask must be of a suitable model, such as anti-cyanide or anti-organic solvent, or anti-acid mist. According to the place of use; Wear an air/oxygen respirator when entering the tower or cleaning sewage/sludge. There are many cases in electroplating industry. In addition, electroplating enterprises are prone to electric shock accidents, so please consider whether acid-resistant (alkali-resistant) shoes have insulation performance when choosing.
2. Physical examination.
Enterprises should take the initiative to organize regular physical examination for electroplating technical workers. Because some chemical products and processes are involved, a relatively ordinary medical diagnosis institution may not be able to accurately check the results. Relevant enterprises should contact professional health inspection institutions to ensure that there are no occupational hazards to the health of skilled workers.
3. The broad masses of workers should pay attention to occupational diseases, and the broad masses of electroplating technicians, especially migrant workers, should enhance their awareness of self-protection, understand the occupational hazards and possible hazards in the workplace, and refuse to carry out operations without occupational disease protection measures; At the same time, we should regularly urge enterprises to carry out occupational health examination, pay attention to the preservation of evidence in the employer, and safeguard their own rights and interests.