The factors of production that play a leading role in the development of non-public economy include labor, capital, technology and management, among which the capital constraint factor is particularly obvious, especially for small and micro enterprises in the stage of capital accumulation, financing difficulty has become the biggest obstacle to their development. Because most non-public enterprises have high debt ratio, imperfect financial system, low credit rating and lack of mortgage or guarantee, it is difficult to get the support of banks, and financing is the biggest obstacle.
(2) There is a general shortage of talents.
Due to the lack of technical talents and professional management talents, especially high-quality talents, enterprises lack the ability to predict and grasp the market, the ability of technological innovation is weak, the added value of products is low, and the labor productivity is obviously low.
(3) Backward business philosophy and management methods.
First, the enterprise's innovation consciousness and ability are poor. Most non-public enterprises have no long-term planning and development strategy, their management level is not high, and their ability to deal with emergencies in a complex economic environment is obviously insufficient. Many enterprises are family businesses, with low management level, lack of motivation for system innovation and mechanism innovation, relatively backward business philosophy and management methods, weak management foundation in product quality control, enterprise finance and safety production, and lack of scientific analysis and prediction of market conditions. Second, the construction of corporate culture lags behind. Most small and medium-sized enterprises have not realized the significance of cultural construction. Enterprises are still synonymous with factories, workshops and products, with weak cultural and humanistic awareness and poor affinity between employees and enterprises.
(4) The restrictions on enterprise land use have intensified. Due to the difficulty of specific work links such as demolition, replacement and requisition, some projects are difficult to land and the cycle is obviously extended.
Insufficient investment in science and technology. The service system of science and technology is not perfect. Optimize the scientific and technological innovation environment, improve the enterprise innovation service system, speed up the construction of scientific and technological talent system, and promote the implementation of intellectual property strategy.
Countermeasures:
(1) Further improve the policy system for promoting the development of the non-public economy.
First, following the promulgation of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Encouraging, Supporting and Guiding the Development of Non-public Economy such as Individual and Private Enterprises" in 2005 (Guo Fa [2005] No.3, hereinafter referred to as Article 36 of Non-public Economy), in 2009, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" (Guo Fa [2009] No.36, hereinafter referred to as Document No.36). The document puts forward 29 policies and measures to help small and medium-sized enterprises overcome difficulties, change the development mode and achieve sound and rapid development. According to the requirements of Document No.36 of Guofa, the relevant state departments have formulated more than 50 supporting documents in strengthening fiscal and taxation support, improving financial services, perfecting service system and enhancing innovation ability, and more than 200 supporting documents have been issued locally.
2. On 20th10, the State Council issued Several Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding the Healthy Development of Private Investment (Guo Fa [2065 438+00] 13, hereinafter referred to as Article 36 of Private Investment). The document proposes to further broaden the fields and scope of private investment and form an endogenous driving force to promote sustainable economic development. 20 12 relevant state departments have successively issued supporting measures and detailed implementation rules to guide the healthy development of private investment, and supported private capital to enter the fields of railways, municipal administration, finance, energy, telecommunications, education and medical care. All the 42 implementation rules have been promulgated, which has promoted the further development of the investment and financing system in the direction of diversification, marketization and efficiency. 3. On 20th12, the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Supporting the Healthy Development of Small and Micro Enterprises (Guo Fa [2065 438+02] 14, hereinafter referred to as document Guo Fa 14). Aiming at the problems of small and micro enterprises, such as high operating pressure, rising costs, financing difficulties and heavy taxes and fees, the document puts forward 29 policy measures in 8 aspects, such as increasing fiscal and tax support, alleviating financing difficulties, promoting innovation and development, supporting market development, improving management level, promoting agglomeration development and strengthening public services. This is the first comprehensive document specifically for small and micro enterprises in the State Council, which is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of small and micro enterprises. In addition, in 20 1 1 year, the relevant state departments jointly issued revised classification standards for small and medium-sized enterprises, which increased the standards for micro-enterprises and expanded the industry coverage. In 20 12, the revised "Measures for the Administration of Special Funds for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" was promulgated, and the types of enterprises supported were changed from the original two types of medium-sized enterprises and small-sized enterprises to three types of medium-sized, small-sized and micro-enterprises, highlighting the policy orientation of the state to support the development of small and micro enterprises.
(2) Continuously increase financial and tax support for small and medium-sized enterprises.
First, increase financial funds year by year. The scale of special funds arranged by the central government has increased year by year. For example, the scale of special funds in the budget to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises increased from the initial 1 100 million yuan to 2015438+041700 million yuan in 2002, and the use of funds gradually tilted towards small and micro enterprises and the central and western regions.
The second is to give more favorable tax conditions. Enterprise income tax shall be levied at a reduced rate of 20% and 15% respectively for qualified small-scale low-profit enterprises and high-tech enterprises; For small and meager profit enterprises with an annual taxable income of less than 60,000 yuan (including 60,000 yuan), the income tax will be reduced by 50% and included in the taxable income, and the enterprise income tax will be paid at the rate of 20%; Raise the threshold of value-added tax and business tax for small and micro enterprises and extend the implementation period of preferential income tax policies for small and micro enterprises. According to State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China's calculation, 20 1 1 year reduced taxes by 29 billion yuan for small and micro enterprises, benefiting 9.24 million individual industrial and commercial households; Continuously increase the export tax rebate rate of some labor-intensive, high-tech and high value-added commodities; The collection rate of small-scale taxpayers' value-added tax is reduced from 6% and 4% to 3%; In addition, preferential tax policies for equity investment of venture capital enterprises have been introduced; For the national technical service demonstration platform for small and medium-sized enterprises, enjoy the tax exemption policy for the import of scientific and technological development supplies.
(3) Effectively solve the financing difficulties of SMEs.
First, promote financial institutions to establish financial service franchises for SMEs, implement differentiated supervision and incentive policies for SMEs, especially small and micro enterprises, and increase financing support for SMEs. Major banks have set up credit departments for small and medium-sized enterprises, and from 2009 to 20 1 1, they have achieved the goal of "two no less than" credit growth and credit increment for small and medium-sized enterprises for three consecutive years. By the end of 20 12, the balance of RMB loans from major financial institutions, major rural financial institutions, urban credit cooperatives and foreign banks to small and micro enterprises was 1 1.58 trillion yuan, up by 16.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 8 and 1 percentage point higher than that of loans from large and medium-sized enterprises in the same period respectively. Small loan companies have developed rapidly from scratch. By the end of 20 12, there were 6080 micro-credit companies in China, with a loan balance of 59.21100 million yuan.
The second is to promote the construction of a multi-level credit guarantee system for SMEs. We will adopt a number of support policies, such as business tax reduction, pre-tax withdrawal of various reserves, capital injection, guarantee fee subsidies, and give full play to the positive role of financing guarantee business in supporting the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. The relevant state departments issued the Measures for the Administration of Financing Guarantee Institutions to regulate the development of the guarantee industry. The support of special funds from the central government for the construction of credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises has been strengthened year by year, from 50 million yuan in 2006 to 654.38+04 billion yuan in 2006. Over the past seven years, a total of 5.938 billion yuan of special funds have been allocated to support 3,327 credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises.