Unit 1 We have grown up.
1, I'm growing up
Question 1. Looking back, is there anything you can do now because you are too young?
Now you can reach what you can't reach. When you were a child, you can ride a bike now. You used to rely on your parents to take care of your food, clothing, housing and transportation, but now you can help your parents do whatever they can.
Question 2. What changes have taken place in our bodies during their growth?
A: My body has grown taller, my weight has increased and my ability has improved.
Question 3: What will happen if we keep growing at this rate in the first year after birth?
A: The human body has two growth peaks, one is adolescence, and the other is a 50% increase in height within one year after birth. If the growth rate in the first year after birth continues, the height of a child born 50 cm will be more than 80 times as high as that at birth by the age of 12.
2. quietly changing
Question 1. What has happened to our bodies unconsciously recently?
A: Some girls have menstruation, their breasts begin to develop, their height suddenly increases, pubic hair and armpit hair begin to grow, and their hips become wider. Some boys suddenly increase in height, testicles and penis begin to grow, Adam's apple, pubic hair, armpit hair, voice change and nocturnal emission.
Question 2. What will happen to our bodies during this period?
A: The fifth page of the textbook "Table of Physical Development of Teenagers"
Question 3. How to treat these changes correctly?
A: 1, girls should pay attention to menstrual hygiene. No high heels. Use cosmetics less to prevent acne. Don't tighten your chest and waist. 2. Boys should not pull out their beards to avoid damaging hair follicles. Don't overuse your voice. 3. Don't smoke and drink. 4. Treat the communication with the opposite sex correctly.
Question 4. Do you understand that a person's growth and maturity means that she (he) will take on more responsibilities more consciously?
A: Growth and maturity mean that we are no longer children. When we grow up, we should be responsible for our words and deeds, learn to demand ourselves by adult standards, and enhance our sense of social role and social responsibility.
3. The journey of life
Question 1. What kind of animal starts to walk on four legs, then walks on two legs and finally walks on three legs?
This is the mystery of the Sphinx. The answer is people. At first, the child was so weak that he could only crawl on two hands and feet. Later, in his prime, he walked on two legs. Finally, when I was old and needed support, I leaned on crutches and became three feet.
Question 2. How to divide a person's life? Give each period you divide a name.
A: A person's life can be divided into infancy, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
It can also be divided into fetal period, infancy, school age, adolescence, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
Step 4 embark on the road to health
Question 1. What have you found by studying the following data and related statistical charts?
A: In the same age group, people of medium height account for the majority, and there are fewer tall and short people.
Question 2. What should we do in order to have a healthy body?
Answer: First, pay attention to personal hygiene: take a bath frequently, wash your hands frequently and don't pick your nose. Second, pay attention to nutrition, pay attention to food hygiene, reasonably arrange the number and time of meals every day, and don't be picky about food or partial eclipse. Third, pay attention to learning posture and keep correct reading posture with eye hygiene, keep correct writing posture, and pay attention to lighting and lighting. Fourth, strengthen physical exercise and participate in beneficial sports activities such as swimming, running and playing football. 5. Ensuring adequate sleep is conducive to improving learning efficiency. Six, not obsessed with computers. Seven, scientific use of the brain to learn to achieve a combination of static and dynamic, alternate courses, repeated reinforcement, diligent thinking, appropriate rest.
Unit 2 Inheritance and Variation
1, biological genetic phenomenon
Question 1: If you have a small vegetable field full of peas, now you want to know if peas are hereditary. What aspects will you study?
A: From the shape of roots, the shape and height of stems, the shape and growth mode of leaves, the color of flowers, the color and shape of fruits, the color and shape of seeds, etc.
Question 2. What might a kitten's father look like?
A: Of the five kittens, two are similar in color to the mother cat, two are black and the other is orange, which should be the characteristics of the father cat. It is inferred that this father cat has black and orange patterns.
2. Biological variation phenomenon
Question 1. Look carefully at the following groups of creatures. What did you find?
They are different in shape, color and size.
Question 2: Why are goldfish, carnations and corn so different?
A: This is because of the variation phenomenon caused by the change of genetic material and the different growth environment, so there will be such a big difference.
Question 3. Can you find a similar proverb or proverb?
A: A mother gives birth to nine children, even ten mothers.
The dragon gave birth to nine children, all of whom were different.
A mother has nine children, and nine children are nine kinds.
Nine dogs make up a mastiff.
There are no two identical leaves in the world.
3. Explore the secrets of heredity and variation
What are the advantages and disadvantages of biological variation?
Answer: For example, there may be cows with better meat quality or cows with more milk production. People choose this kind of cattle to breed in large quantities, and after continuous breeding, they can get new varieties with good meat quality or high milk yield.
Some wheat varieties have high yield under high water and fertilizer conditions, but because of their high plants and poor lodging resistance, they will lodging in a large area when strong winds come, which not only affects the yield, but also is not easy to harvest.
New strawberries are big and have high nutritional value, but they are not easy to preserve.
Poultry using growth hormone grows fast, but it is harmful to human health after eating.
The third unit is progressive.
1, the disappearing dinosaur
1. The dinosaurs became extinct. Where did these models, pictures and films come from?
A: The models, pictures and films of these dinosaurs were copied from the study of dinosaur fossils.
2. Do you know these dinosaurs? Can you find the corresponding fossil model?
The first one on the left is Triceratops, the second one is Tyrannosaurus Rex, the second one on the left is Baotou Dragon, the third one is Liang Long, the third one is Jaw-jawed Dragon (the smallest dinosaur), the fourth one is Stegosaurus, the fifth one is Guanlong, and the sixth one is Keelung-like.
The first fossil is stegosaurus, which obviously has a huge spiny structure on its back.
The second fossil is Triceratops, and its head obviously has three huge spines.
The third fossil is crested dragon, which obviously has a crown skeleton of the head.
Fossil 4 is a Tyrannosaurus Rex with a pair of jaws.
The fifth fossil is Liang Long, which is characterized by a long neck.
2. What do fossils tell us?
1. Look at the picture below. What fossils are they?
A: They are fossils of feathers, fish, insects in amber, shrimps, footprints, ferns, dragonflies and trilobites.
Do you know how fossils are formed?
A: Animals and plants are buried in the sand after death. As time goes on, the bodies of animals and plants will be gradually buried in the depths of the earth with the deposition of sediment. Because of the high pressure and humidity here, the deposited sediments gradually turned into a layer of rock, which is called stratum in geology. Hard parts of animals and plants-bones, shells, etc. -When sediments gradually become strata, they are as hard as rocks; Soft parts of plants and animals, such as leaves, may also leave traces in the strata.
3. What do fossils tell us?
A: Fossils are evidence of biological evolution and an important clue for us to study ancient creatures.
4. Question 1: Why did some creatures disappear from the earth forever?
A: Because for hundreds of millions of years, the appearance of living things has changed from simple to complex, from low to high, and the environment of the earth has been changing (from volcanic eruption to forest reduction to vicissitudes). Any living thing also adapts in evolution, and the fittest survives. If this species can't adapt, it will disappear from the earth forever.
5. Question 2: Why are some creatures still the same after tens of millions of years?
A: Because they have evolved to fully adapt to the surrounding environment, they don't need to evolve.
6. Question 3: Why does the same creature change with time?
A: This is because with the passage of time, the ecological environment will change accordingly, and the same creatures will continue to evolve to adapt to the changing ecological environment.
7. Question 4: Why do different organisms appear in strata of different ages? Is there a connection between them?
A: The relationship between fossils and strata is that fossils excavated in older strata represent simpler biological structures and lower taxonomic status. However, the more complex the biological structure represented by fossils excavated in recent strata, the higher the taxonomic status. From the sequence of fossils in strata, we can know the general sequence of biological evolution, from low to high, from simple to complex, from aquatic to terrestrial.
8. Question 5: Why do some animals behave in completely different ways, but their bones are so similar?
A: The similarity of their skeletal arrangement indicates that they may have evolved from a common ancestor.
3. Darwin and his "theory of evolution"
Question 1. How to understand natural selection?
Answer: Combining the following two examples, the first example is that human behavior affects the survival and development of sheep, which belongs to artificial selection. Because sheep change their coat color to adapt to the environment, the hiding effect of sheep with different coat colors in the forest leads to different survival opportunities, which belongs to natural selection.
2. What would you do if white wool sold well? What is the result of this?
A: We will improve the breed, eliminate black wool sheep and raise white wool sheep instead. This will eliminate black wool sheep and affect the survival and development of sheep.
3. What color will the sheep in the forest be soon?
Answer: In order to survive, the sheep in the forest will change their coat color into gray, dark brown and other imperceptible colors.
4. Why are the ears of the Arctic fox short and round? Why do African sand foxes have long and big ears?
A: The polar winds are very strong and the temperature is very low. The ears are short and round, which can keep warm from the wind. The temperature in African desert is very high. Long and big ears can dissipate heat well, and they are much more sensitive to sound.
Unit 4 The Home of the Same Family
1, looking for the home of living things
Question 1. What kind of environment do the following animals live in?
A: Penguins live in polar regions, lions live in grasslands, birds live in forests and turtles live in oceans.
2. What other creatures should there be in these environments? Why do they live here?
A: Whales, sharks and shark fins live in the ocean. Wild boar, snake, monkey and tiger live in the forest. Zebras, antelopes and leopards live on grasslands. Arctic foxes, rabbits, polar bears and seals live in polar regions. Because these creatures adapt to the corresponding living environment, they will live in these places.
3. How do these biological partners cooperate with each other?
Clownfish and anemones:
Clownfish lure other animals to swim to anemones, which provide a safe habitat for clownfish.
Bees and flowers:
Bees pollinate flowers when they collect honey, and flowers provide food for bees.
Woodpeckers and trees:
Woodpeckers help trees kill insects, and trees provide food for woodpeckers.
Crocodiles and crocodiles:
Crocodiles help crocodiles clean meat scraps between their teeth, and crocodiles provide food for crocodiles.
Birds and fruits:
Fruit provides food for birds, and birds can help them sow after eating.
2. Survivability
Question 1. Don't water the cactus for a month in a row and see what happens to it.
A: Cactus is a drought-resistant plant, and it is not easy to evaporate water. You can survive without watering for a month.
There are some small animals living in the shallow sea. Some are transparent, some are black and bright. Why is this?
A: The transparent "coat" of jellyfish has strong color-changing ability and can adapt to various environments. The color of the fish's back is dark from top to bottom to match the color of the seabed, and the color of the abdomen is light from bottom to top to match the color of the sky, which can greatly reduce the chance of being attacked.
3. What is the function of stripes on zebras living in grasslands?
A: The zebra's black and white stripes have their own protective function. From the grass, it is difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment, giving the enemy an illusion and protecting them from more attacks.
4. What should I pay attention to when transplanting cactus into our region? What problems should we pay attention to in raising Antarctic penguins in our area?
Answer: We should pay attention to analyzing their original living environment and creating suitable living conditions for them. When transplanting cactus, efforts should be made to create the climate of the producing area. In the desert area with high heat, dry and little rain, it is necessary to create a living environment with polar temperature, humidity and water salinity to transfer and raise Antarctic penguins.
3. Interesting food chain
Question 1. What is the connection between these different kinds of creatures?
A: It is because they are hostile and have the relationship of eating and being eaten that these different kinds of creatures are linked together.
2. What does the idiom "mantis catches cicada, yellowbird comes after" mean? Can you find other similar idioms?
A: Mantis feed on cicadas, while yellowbirds feed on mantis. Eating is related to being eaten. For example: big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp; The snipe and the clam compete, and the fisherman gains; Sheep into the tiger's mouth, etc.
3. Which of these creatures in the picture below are producers? Who are the consumers? Who is the decomposer?
A: Producers are: flowers and plants consumers are: cats, spiders, insects, eagles, birds, bears; The decomposer is: mushrooms.
4. What would happen if there were no decomposers in biology?
A: If there is no decomposer in the biological world, complex organic matter will not be decomposed into simple inorganic matter, there will be no organic matter for green plants to use and reproduce, the food chain will be destroyed, and producers and consumers will be extinct.
4. Ecological balance
Question 1. Tell me, how do fish tanks and things in fish tanks, bottles and things in bottles simulate an ecosystem?
A: There is an ecological environment in the fish tank that adapts to the survival of fish. The fish in the fish tank, together with the water, sand and weeds in the pond, form a simulated ecosystem.
The grass in the bottle has also adapted to its living environment. The grass in the bottle and the surrounding soil, moisture, air and sunlight constitute a simulated ecosystem.
2. Do you know the example of human destroying the ecological balance?
Answer: littering batteries, cutting down trees, reclaiming land from lakes, reducing greening, adding tall buildings, littering, killing animals, and industrial sewage.
3. Describe the reasons for the excessive number of white-tailed deer and the problems caused by the excessive number of white-tailed deer.
A: The reason why there are too many white-tailed deer is that the natural enemies of white-tailed deer, the puma and the wolf, have been killed artificially, which has destroyed the food chain and caused the imbalance of the ecological environment. Due to the large number of white-tailed deer, there is a serious shortage of local grass sources, which leads to land desertification. Hungry white-tailed deer moved to human settlements, destroying crops, affecting human agricultural production, destroying the living environment of birds and small animals that feed on crops, thus leading to the imbalance of other ecological environments.
If you were an ecologist, what measures would you suggest to solve the problem of destroying ecology?
A: If I were an ecologist, I would reduce the number of white-tailed deer by introducing natural enemies from white-tailed deer, establish nature reserves and establish a balanced ecological environment.
5. How should we protect the ecological balance?
A: Establish nature reserves, plant trees, build ecological projects, establish environmental awareness, start from yourself, and don't litter.
Unit 5 "Magic Energy"
1, various energies
Question 1: What is energy?
A: The ability to make an object "work" or move is called energy.
Question 2: What are the functions of various energies in our life?
Answer: Light energy can make plants grow, heat energy can make water boil, electric energy can make electric lights shine, chemical energy in food can make our bodies move, and acoustic energy can make paper vibrate. Without energy, all activities of human beings and nature will stop.
2. Energy conversion
Question 1: What is an important feature of energy? And give examples?
Energy can be converted from one form to another. For example, when the TV is turned on, electric energy is converted into light energy and sound energy; When you rub your hands, chemical energy is converted into sound energy and heat energy; Turn on the electric light, and electric energy is converted into light energy and heat energy.
3. Energy
Question 1: What are these two kinds of energy sources? How to define it?
A: Most of the energy used in life and industrial and agricultural production comes from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. They are non-renewable, so they belong to non-renewable energy. There are also some renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy and water energy, which are called renewable energy sources.
4. Saving energy and developing new energy sources
Question 1: What are the energy-wasting lifestyles in our daily life?
A: Improper air conditioning temperature setting, more motor vehicles, ever-burning lamps, tap water, etc.
Question 2: How to use solar energy in daily life?
A: Solar water heaters use solar energy to heat water, and solar calculators use solar energy to charge batteries.
Question 3: What are the promising new energy sources?
A: Use ocean tidal energy to generate electricity, use biomass energy to make biogas for farmers to cook and light, and use geothermal energy to generate electricity.
Unit 6 "Extension and Application"
1. Extension
Question 1. Use extended explanation to cover a bottle on the same growing grass. Why is the result different?
A: At the beginning, the humidity and temperature around the grass increased after the bottle was covered, which was beneficial to the growth of grass. But after a long time, the grass can't get enough carbon dioxide and can't carry out photosynthesis, so it will wither.
2. It should be used
Question 1: Give an example of scientists applying scientific principles to production in history?
A: 1. Zhang Heng invented the seismograph by using the propagation principle of seismic wave in solid.
2./kloc-In the 8th century, the British inventor Watt made a widely used steam engine by using the principle of steam power generation.
3./Kloc-In the 9th century, the British scientist Faraday discovered the principle of magnetic induction power generation and made a generator.