Di Xin (? -about 65438 BC+0046 BC), whose real name was De, was later called, the last monarch of Shang Dynasty, all in Mo, and changed Mo Town to (now Qixian County). In the later period of Di Xin's rule, he was proud of his work, spent huge sums of money to build deer platform and wine pool, and lived a luxurious life.
2. Xia Jie
According to the chronicle of bamboo books, he "built a palace, decorated a Yao platform, made a room for Joan and set up a Yumen". He also collected all the beautiful women in the world, hid in the harem, and drank and had fun with the immortals and ladies-in-waiting day and night. [ 1]
3.henry viii
Many archaeologists later suspected that he died of syphilis, which brought a country to the brink of bankruptcy.
4. Zhou Youwang
(795-77 1 years ago) surnamed Ji, the son of the 12th king of the Western Zhou Dynasty, reigned 782-77 1 years ago and * *1years ago. Volume 43 of Fayuan Zhu Lin quotes Su Ji Shen as saying, "In the thirty-third year of Zhou Xuanwang (795 BC), Wang Sheng was born in seclusion".
Which kings, ancient and modern, at home and abroad, apologized to their ministers? Liu Bang apologized to Shi Li. Pei Gong went to the Temple of Levin to call Li Sheng. When Li Sheng arrived, he entered the temple. Pei Gongfang asked two women to wash their feet and saw Li Sheng. Li Shengshi bowed down and said, "Do you want to help Qin attack the princes? Want to lead the ministers to break Qin again? " Pei Gong cursed, "Maintain Confucianism! The husband is suffering all over the world, and the ministers attacked Qin at the same rate. What does it mean to help Qin attack the princes? " Li Sheng said, "We must gather our disciples and unite with just soldiers to punish those who have no morals. It is not suitable for making claims. " So Pei Gong dropped out of school to wash, picked up his clothes, took Li Sheng to sit down and thanked him.
What aesthetic masters are there in ancient and modern China and abroad? I can only think of Wang Guowei, and I love his "Words on Earth" most.
What health recipes are there in ancient and modern China and abroad? Rice, noodles, sandwiches and bread are all good things for health! Such a simple question, really convinced and answered a lot seriously!
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "the spleen governs the midsummer" and "the summer heat must be wet". People with spleen deficiency should adhere to the principles of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and nourishing the stomach, clearing away heat and eliminating dampness, adopt scientific dietary methods, and choose sweet, delicious, digestible and non-greasy food. Lotus seed soup, lotus leaf porridge, mung bean porridge, watercress porridge and corn paste in summer. Food supplement for the elderly. These foods have the functions of quenching thirst, promoting fluid production, clearing away heat and relieving summer heat. For the elderly with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, jellyfish and water chestnut can also be used in the same amount. After washing, add appropriate amount of rock sugar and cook it into "snow soup drink", three times a day. If accompanied by indigestion and chronic diarrhea, you can use fresh white lentils100g, 50g of rice, and add a proper amount of water to make porridge to eat, which will also get the effect of dietotherapy. The above is what I saw in the four seasons health preservation, but now it is autumn, so we should pay attention to "less spicy and more sour" in our diet. In addition, I think some chapters in Huangdi Neijing and China traditional culture health preservation may be helpful to you ~ ~ I wish you good health and good spirit.
What educational works are there at home and abroad? China: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Xue Ji, University, etc.
Abroad: Plato's Republic, Comenius' Theory of Great Teaching, Rousseau's Emile, Kant's Theory of Education, Pestalozzi's Lianhard and Goddard, Herbart's General Pedagogy, Dewey's Humanism and Education, Soviet Sukhomlinski's One Hundred Suggestions for Teachers and Pavlis.
Reading educational classics should go back to the original point. China can read The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and foreign countries can read The Republic and Emile. Suhomlinski's One Hundred Suggestions for Teachers and Give My Whole Heart to Children are highly recommended.
Remember two classic reading quotations:
1, read classics, because it can stand the test and is the essence of excellent human thought and culture.
2. Go back to the original point. Go back to the original point and re-examine yourself and yourself.
You can also read some articles by modern educational scholars, such as Liu Tiefang, Xiao Chuan and Ye Lan. Liu Tiefang is highly recommended. Reading his article is not only beautiful, but also a baptism of thought.
Who are the outstanding figures at home and abroad: Lei Feng, Zhang Haidi, Madame Curie, Fang Zhimin, Cao Cao, Sun Yat-sen, * * *, Li Dazhao, Ba Jin, Bacon, Einstein, Lu Xun, Gorky, Rousseau, Russell, Pu Songling, Goethe, Marx, Edison, ostrovsky, Roman Roland, Zhu, Napoleon, Xian Xinghai, Hugo, etc. Balzac, Liu Yuxi, Cao Xueqin, Bai Juyi, Li Bai, Liu Bei, Tagore, Wang Changling, Mencius, Confucius, Feng Menglong, Lenin, Wu Zetian, Hugo, Zhu De, Wen Yiduo, Shakespeare, Beethoven, Aristotle, Hua, Byron, Jiao, Chen Yi, * *, Tolstoy and Guo Moruo. Off-topic: Your question is too general, and you didn't say that. I hope my answer can help you.
Make sentences at will 1. Democratic centralism and national rejuvenation; Arbitrary and self-destructive; The party style is positive and the world style is positive; Diligence and love for the people make the country rich and strong.
He always does things arbitrarily and never listens to other people's opinions.
3. When making investment decisions, it is necessary to brainstorm and act arbitrarily.
He never takes other people's advice, and always acts arbitrarily, so it is inevitable that he will be defeated.
In the ocean of life, the happiest thing is to sail alone, and the most tragic thing is to turn back and have no shore.
6. Chiang Kai-shek is the supreme ruler of Kuomintang reactionaries.
His arbitrariness will damage his prestige.
He pretends to be an international producer, arrogant and overbearing, trying to seize the highest leadership of the central government.
No matter what he does, he is arbitrary.
10. In order to prevent excitement, all arbitrary remarks and tit-for-tat arguments were later banned.
1 1. He is no longer arrogant, domineering, arbitrary and self-assertive.
12. Speak politely and act arbitrarily.
Kou Zhun and Liu are incorruptible figures in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, and they are called honest officials in feudal society. In the official historical records of laws and regulations, good officials are generally not called honest officials, but called "honest officials", "good officials" and "honest officials". China is the first country in the world to establish bureaucracy. Since Sima Qian's Historical Records, there has been a typological evaluation of bureaucrats. What is the standard of a good official? Different periods have different emphases. Sima Qian's standards are: teaching and educating people, being honest and honest, and obeying the law. In the Warring States, the Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, which advocated legalist politics, obeying the law was the most important criterion for a good official. In the period of "respecting Confucianism alone", it is the standard to become a good official by enlightenment. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of education. Since the year before the Three Kingdoms, according to Sima Yi's thought, honesty, prudence and diligence have become the official norms, and honest officials have gradually become synonymous with good officials. ? In fact, the upright officials in feudal society are all representatives of the ruling class, and they all serve the maintenance of feudal rule. But compared with corrupt officials, they are beneficial to the people, have done some good things for the people, played a certain role in social history, and are more praised by the people; Their honesty and justice in law enforcement are still of great significance to today's rule of law and clean government construction. Therefore, we selected ten most representative upright officials in ancient China for a brief introduction. Ximenbao wei ren in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. At that time, Yedi was an important gateway and strategic location of Weidu, but natural and man-made disasters continued, and the people were in dire straits. Wang Wei appointed Ximen Bao as the magistrate of Ye County to manage Ye Di. When Ximen Bao arrived in the wilderness, he made a private visit anonymously to inquire about the sufferings of the people. He used the "Hebo Marrying a Daughter-in-law" incident to punish the three elders, courtiers and witches wisely, educate the people with facts, and get rid of superstitions. At the same time, 12 canals of Zhanghe River were built to control the flood in Zhanghe River and develop agricultural production, so that the people of Yedi gradually became rich. Ximen Bao was an official all his life, honest and clean, and benefited the people. After his death, Yedi people specially built an ancestral temple for him by the Zhangshui River to worship the four seasons. ? Zhao Guanghan, a little chef of Hippo, was born in Wuli County, Zhuo Jun in the Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Yingchuan county, such as Shou Jing and Jing Jing. Zhao Guanghan's reign as satrap in Yingchuan County was the best stage in his early days. He is not afraid of power, smart and capable. In his first few months in office, he did two major things: one was to crack down on the powerful family forces and ease social contradictions; The second is to strengthen local management and change local bad atmosphere. His reputation spread from this, and it is his nature to be good at handling government affairs in this Hanshu. When Zhao Guanghan served as Zhao Yin in Beijing, he showed a high sense of responsibility and often stayed up late to handle various official duties. And good at thinking, pay attention to efficiency. During its governance, the politics of Jingzhao area was clear and clear, which was praised by both officials and people. However, Jing's duty is to manage the capital, because under the emperor's feet, it is easy to offend royalty and dignitaries in daily handling of government affairs. Therefore, although Zhao Guanghan was a leader among city managers, he was finally beheaded. During his tenure in Beijing, Zhao Guanghan was honest and won the praise of the people. ? Ba Huang Ba Huang (? -5 1 BC), male, born in Yangxia, Huaiyang, Western Han Dynasty (now Taikang, Henan Province). Historian Ban Gu commented: "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the number of officials governing the people has been the first." When Ba Huang was still young, he made up his mind to be a good official. Because there was no imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty, in order to alleviate financial difficulties, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued imperial edicts, and all those who contributed property to the country were given to officials. Ba Huang traded food for a history of death. After entering politics, abide by the law and honesty; Observing people's feelings, it is important to persuade farmers to mulberry. In particular, Ba Huang ruled the case, advocated benevolent governance and opposed torture; Insist on handling suspicious cases lightly; It advocates leniency from the outside, education first, and prevention before it happens. Therefore, Ba Huang is an official who is supported by the people, satisfied by the court and convinced by his subordinates. As a result, Ba Huang rose from a small history of paying 200 stones a year to the prime minister of the imperial court. One of the most outstanding achievements was serving as a satrap in Yingchuan County, a big county at that time. Previously, Yingchuan County was a place where powerful landlords unified one side and the people were displaced. After he took office, he took drastic measures, bite the hand that feeds him, resettle refugees, attach importance to farming and mulberry, and educate them. After several years of careful management, Yingchuan has a peaceful scene of peace and stability, clear management and production development. Therefore, the emperor wrote a letter praising Ba Huang as a good official. ? Xu Yougong Xu Yougong (? -702), whose real name is Xu, was born in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official in the Tang Dynasty who specialized in handling cases. In ancient times, most official positions were mixed with administration and justice, and only the imperial court had special judges, but their position in the bureaucratic system was extremely low, so it was difficult to make a difference. Although Xu Yougong served as a full-time trial judge for a long time, he went down in history because he dared to strictly abide by the law and hit his face, rehabilitated hundreds of unjust cases and saved more than 10,000 lives. Xu Yougong has served as a judicial officer in Zhou Pu, a criminal officer in the Ministry of Justice (Dali Temple), a foreign minister in Qiu Guan (Ministry of Justice) and a chief criminal doctor in Shao Qing. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, there was an insurrection by marquis Wu and a trap set by cruel officials, so it was not easy to enforce the law correctly. Because Xu Yougong handled six or seven hundred major cases before and after, he saved tens of thousands of lives, inevitably offended cruel officials and treacherous court officials, and was frequently impeached and tried. However, in the end, he was charged with the death penalty three times, pardoned three times, dismissed twice and returned twice. In spite of this, he remained firm, did not flatter, and devoted himself to law enforcement. Because of this, Xu became a rare full-time "judge" in history and was praised as "a good official since ancient times" by people at that time. ? DE Renjie-DE Renjie (607-700 AD), whose real name was Huai Ying, was born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan) in the Tang Dynasty, and took the Ming Classic (a branch of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty), thus entering the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. At first, he was appointed as the Governor of Zhou Kun, Facao, and then transferred to Cheng Dali, where he was appointed as a consultant. Successively Ningzhou, Yuzhou secretariat, local official assistant minister. Di is an official, as Lao Tzu said, "saints are fickle in their hearts, and people are fickle in their hearts." In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the class, worried about the country and people, and was called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty" by later generations. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. After any one year, he handled more than 65,438+07,000 cases left by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Trial Legend of Renjie in Datang Empire". ? Chen Xiliang-Zi Gongbi was born in Qingshen (now Sichuan) in Meizhou and Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has been an official for more than 30 years, starting with a scholar. He has served as a magistrate, magistrate, magistrate, transshipment history and other local officials. He also served in the imperial court of Kaifeng and the capital. No matter whether he is an official in the local or the capital, Chen Xiliang hates evil and doesn't consider personal fate. He praised the common people and frightened the princes and nobles. Later, he died of overwork at the age of 64. Su Shi, a famous writer, claimed that he never erected a tombstone for others, but he admired Chen Xiliang and worried that Chen Xiliang's deeds would be handed down to future generations, so he made an exception and wrote Biography of Chen Gongbi. Bao Zheng-Bao Zheng (AD 999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), was the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to make contributions to the country, "doing his best to die." The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career was the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transfer ambassador and other local governors. He has served as a minister of supervision, such as censor, a senior official in charge of state finance, and a military official, such as deploying the capital; As a diplomatic envoy in Liao country; The most famous thing is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao, Bao and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office building to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean life and never paid attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even when he became a high official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was dressed in cloth. I hate corruption. In my play Begging for Bribery, I said to Renzong, "Those who are incorruptible are the appearance of the people; Greedy people are thieves of the people. " He has been strict with himself all his life. Ren Duanzhou, the magistrate, rectified the bureaucracy and cracked down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When leaving office, he politely refused, "I won't return until I send the inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. It is strongly advocated that all illegal acts of the royal family and eunuchs be brought to justice. It is the main content that Bao Zheng was highly praised and praised by the people before and after his death. Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although the image of Bao Zheng in historical materials is very different from that in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme ruler, but also be supported and loved by the lower class in dire straits. As an honest official, it is really typical. ? Kuang Zhong-Kuang Zhong (A.D. 1383- 1442) was born in Longgang, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong's most outstanding achievement in his life was becoming the magistrate of Suzhou. He directly reduced the official grain, lightened the burden on the people, and stabilized and developed the economy. At the same time, rectify the bureaucracy, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to cleaning up unjust prisons and avenge the people. He arranged the schedule and asked about the case of a county every day, round and round, without interruption. In the first eight months, more than 1500 cases were cleared. The cases he has tried, big or small, can basically ensure that the people are not wronged, and local tyrants dare not do evil again. Now, as long as it is mentioned, people will immediately think of the honest official who dares to take risks, uphold justice and eliminate pests for the people in the Fifteen Customs. In addition, he also did good things that benefited one side, such as building water conservancy projects, running schools and recommending talents. During his thirteen years in office, Kuang Zhong left office three times and stayed in office three times. He did a lot of practical things for the people of Suzhou, and finally he broke down from overwork and died in Suzhou. In memory of Kuang Zhong, ancestral temples were built in Suzhou and seven counties after his death. ? Hai Rui-Hai Rui (A.D. 15 14- 1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province. His time was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. When the surface is flat, there is danger at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When Emperor Jiajing worked in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, out of concern for the national financial resources, in order to persuade fans to teach Taoism, he devoted himself to seeking immortality and built temples and temples in various places. As a junior official with six grades, he is determined to die. This time, he put forward the famous "Frankly speaking, the best in the world", which was later called "Public Security". After the speech, Harry was immediately thrown into prison. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned under the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated and gradually promoted to the governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishment measures such as "80-year-old greed" to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He is selfless and shows no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who has always been kind to him. He returned the 400,000 mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and demanded that Xu Jie's two sons and more than 20 family members who bullied the good people should be held accountable according to law. Look at Hai Rui as an official. After Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he strictly enforced the law, eliminated violence, led an honest and clean life, sympathized with the people, appealed for exile, paid attention to developing production, built water conservancy projects, restricted the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reformed backward customs and habits. His action has been widely supported by the people. ? Tang Bin —— Tang Bin (A.D. 1627- 1687), whose real name was Kong Bo, alias Jingxian, and later Qian An, was originally from Suizhou, Baonan (now Suixian). The main achievements were in the Kangxi dynasty, from officials to cabinet bachelors, governors of Jiangning, ministers of rites and so on. Tang Bin has been an official all his life. In addition to writing books and developing Neo-Confucianism, he devoted almost all his energy to river affairs and the management of water transport, focusing on reducing the burden on the people, helping them to save their lives and benefiting them. Therefore, he has been committed to practicing the Confucian "people-oriented" thought of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world" and educating people for the "prosperous age"