Secondly, the development of urban agriculture can also make more effective use of China's precious land resources. As we all know, China's per capita arable land resources are scarce, but at the same time, urban land resources can not be effectively utilized, and the waste phenomenon is also very serious. Especially in small and medium-sized cities, due to the lack of development funds, the phenomenon that urban land is occupied by enclosure, idle and abandoned is widespread. Urban land has a superior geographical position, and it is basically fertile farmland. Due to the difference of land ownership between urban and rural areas in China, these have become state-owned land, and it is necessary to find a new way to return farmland to agriculture. It should be a good idea to develop urban agriculture. Japan, the Netherlands and other developed countries have long emphasized urban agricultural production, which has alleviated the shortage of cultivated land to some extent and improved the land utilization rate, which is worth learning.
Third, the development of urban agriculture can better meet the growing needs of urban residents. With the improvement of people's living standards in China, the demand of urban residents for agricultural products is becoming more and more diversified and refined. In many cities, especially small and medium-sized cities, citizens need to transport fine agricultural products such as fresh vegetables, fruits and edible fungi for a long distance, which not only increases the transportation cost, but also affects the quality. At the same time, agricultural products are related to the spiritual needs of urban residents and the beautification of urban environment, such as flowers, gardening, pets and ornamental birds. ; Silkworm mulberry, Chinese herbal medicine, scented tea, edible birds (pigeons, quails), mosquito-killing herbs, mint, geranium and other economic agricultural products related to the improvement of living standards of urban residents will bring huge demand space to urban agriculture.
It is also possible to develop urban agriculture in China at present. First, the city has a large number of labor resources and urgently needs to find employment opportunities. These surplus labors are in great need and suitable for urban agricultural production. At present, China's labor resources that can participate in urban agricultural production mainly include laid-off workers, unemployed people, poor retirees with working ability, especially those who retired early in the process of enterprise restructuring and institutional reform, those who moved from rural areas to cities, especially small and medium-sized cities and towns in the process of urbanization, and disabled people with working ability such as deaf-mutes, mild physical disabilities and mild mental disabilities. The characteristics of these human resources are: they are in a weak position under the urban market economy model, and it is difficult to achieve fair competition with the powerful groups. With a low level of education, it is difficult to master modern professional technology. They are the direct beneficiaries of urban agriculture. The five categories of people listed above are actually the main components of the urban poor. Developing urban agriculture can increase their income and improve the poverty situation. For retirees, taking part in agricultural labor can also cultivate self-cultivation and prolong life. As for the floating population in rural areas, most of them have no fixed jobs for a long time and are highly mobile because they have lost their land and have no professional skills. According to some surveys, they are people with high crime rate, and the development of urban agriculture can make these people live a relatively stable urban life. They are the best human resources for developing urban agriculture. From the analysis of the current situation in China, some of these people have educated youth experience and some have rural life background. Their common characteristics are: although they live in cities, they are familiar with land and agriculture, and some people have certain agricultural production skills. Second, there are a lot of land resources that can be developed and utilized in cities. At present, there are mainly the following types of land that can be used to develop urban agriculture in China: vacant urban land in the process of industrial restructuring. Urban land that cannot be effectively used for the time being in the process of urbanization. There are still many space resources to be developed in the city, such as underground space, roof space and three-dimensional wall space. The characteristics of these lands are: small unit area, mostly small plots of land; Scattered and incoherent; There are many forms, such as in front of the house, behind the house, balcony, underground, roadside, roof, wall, small water surface and so on. These small and diverse land forms, which are different from the traditional concept of agricultural land, are just suitable for the development of urban agriculture characterized by fineness.
Urban agriculture has a good development prospect, but it should have a reasonable position in different countries, cities and different historical periods, and should be combined with solving major social problems. The author thinks that from the development goal, the research and development of urban agriculture in China should be reasonably positioned as: solving the poverty and re-employment problems in small and medium-sized cities. In connection with this orientation, the focus should be on social benefits rather than simple economic benefits, with the aim of solving the living needs of laid-off poor people and reducing the financial burden of the government. It should not be encouraged to become bigger for the time being, so as to avoid trampling and a gust of wind. From the content point of view, the development of urbanization agriculture in China at this stage should have a high starting point and high standards in technology, and its reasonable positioning should be: high-quality, high-tech, knowledge-intensive precision agriculture, which should not only be different from rural agriculture planted in large areas, but also form complementary and environmentally friendly agriculture. Should be combined with urban environmental protection, pay attention to the development of plants that can use urban garbage as fertilizer, decompose toxic substances and absorb automobile exhaust. In order to meet the living needs of residents, the varieties are constantly updated. Adapt to market changes and be able to transform quickly. Combining urban greening can beautify the city.
The good development prospect of urban agriculture has attracted the attention of political and academic circles in China. Scholars have discussed it theoretically. In my opinion, in addition to theoretical research, we should do the following specific work: 1, and do a good job in the investigation and integration of related resources. Urban land management departments, planning departments and civil affairs departments should coordinate with each other, investigate and register the land resources and labor resources suitable for the development of urban agriculture in urban areas (especially in some small and medium-sized cities), and formulate a step-by-step urban agricultural development plan on this basis. 2, formulate relevant laws and regulations, strengthen the management of existing urban agricultural production. At the same time, how to straighten out the ownership relationship of urban land, how to obtain the legal use right of urban agricultural land and its difference from rural land contract system, and how to limit and punish illegal land use need to be formulated. 3. Improve technical support measures. It is necessary to promote the research and popularization of urban agricultural science and technology projects by means of market economy, and establish institutions and networks for technical training and technical support. Conditional cities can also set up related majors in vocational and technical colleges to reserve talents for the further development of urban agriculture. 4. Improve financial support measures. For example, formulate policies to attract investment, provide small loans to poor producers, and advocate fund-raising operations.
What are the tricks for agricultural development besides planting? China Urban Construction Group, a central enterprise, put forward the concept of "urban agriculture" and proposed to give full play to Haikou's natural advantages and build a playable, arable and small-scale agricultural manor. Yesterday, I learned from China Urban Construction Group Hainan Co., Ltd. that before the project started, the construction of roads and fences within the park land was completed, and landscape trees were cultivated; The master plan of the project is undergoing the third round of revision. This year, it is planned to invest 500 million yuan to build five demonstration manors.
"Personal tailor" serves the high end.
Haikou Dongshan International Farm Garden Project is located 4.7 kilometers northeast of Dongshan Town, xiuying district, Haikou City, covering an area of about 225.9 hectares. It is about 25 kilometers away from Haikou City, 7.7 kilometers away from Hainan East Expressway in the east, 3.7 kilometers away from G224 National Road in the west, and about 25 minutes' drive from Meilan International Airport.
Cao, deputy general manager of China Urban Construction Group Hainan Co., Ltd., introduced that the project is positioned as the first service-oriented and employment-oriented agricultural project in China, realizing the goal of urban capital supplementing rural areas and entering rural areas. Build a modern international eco-agricultural demonstration base, build a natural landscape development zone of world tourism and sightseeing agriculture, be an elegant pure land in line with Hainan's tourism and cultural characteristics, and be a modern, low-carbon and environmentally friendly and livable city business card zone.
According to reports, the project serves high-end consumers in the "Northern Shanghai" and the eastern coastal areas, and adapts to the needs of private agricultural production, leisure and entertainment, agricultural tourism and sightseeing in Hainan International Tourism Island. Relying on the natural environment, the project will create an innovative high-end ecological farm with organic, ecological and high technology to meet the leisure needs of high-end people in China.
The first phase investment is 654.38+0.6 billion yuan.
From the scene, woodland and water account for most of the current land use. The total land area is about 225.9 hectares, including redwood about 10.7 hectares, fruit trees about 5.9 hectares, ornamental trees about 10.7 hectares, and water area about 39.2 hectares. The project (Phase I) has a construction scale of * * * 3,000 mu, with a construction period of 5 years and a total investment of 65.438+0.6 billion yuan.
Cao introduced that Haikou Dongshan International Farm Project is a project invested and constructed by China Urban Construction Group Hainan Co., Ltd., and has invested 1 100 million yuan in the preparatory work in the past year. Our goal is to turn this project into a high-end, high-quality urban agricultural manor project in Hainan Island. Haikou Dongshan International Farm Project is not only a livelihood project, but also a new product combining city and agriculture. We put forward the concept of "urban agriculture" The characteristic of this project is to meet the consumption demand of high-end people and solve the long-term employment problem of a group of farmers, which is also the future of rural development in China.
Yu Lian, president of China Urban Construction Group, said during the inspection of the project that he strongly supported the construction of this project in Haikou, and the headquarters should guarantee the funds.
Seven contents of experiencing farm life
The main contents of the project are: (1) international farm culture exhibition, and each small manor is a self-contained holiday park; China Agricultural Culture Exhibition Park focuses on the development of traditional agricultural culture in different periods in China, which allows people to participate in farming experience and can be used as an agricultural education base for teenagers. Tropical Rare Botanical Garden is a comprehensive tropical botanical garden integrating scientific research, popular science, sightseeing and plant resource protection. Traditional agricultural products processing workshops process agricultural products in a traditional way, including brewing workshops, tofu workshops, essential oil workshops, Hainan specialty snack workshops, bamboo weaving handicraft workshops, ceramic workshops, etc. The whole processing workshop is open and has the guidance of professional teachers. The main function of manor small market is to exchange internally and sell externally, and reproduce the original commodity trading market; The eco-food village forms a quadrangle-style village with Hainan characteristics. Each family manages different Hainan specialties, and the environmental quality helps to improve the quality of catering, with the theme of healthy original ecology; Country hotels and country manor clubs plan to build 200 sets of country guest houses, including 2-3 sets of professional conference, entertainment and leisure facilities, which are mainly used to receive small meetings.