Attaching importance to, strengthening and developing early education is the necessity of social development, the demand of children's own growth and the result of education's own construction and development.
(A) the development of early education is inevitable for social development.
The development of society, the improvement of high-tech level and the lack of talents are the social prerequisites for the development of early education. China is a big country with a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, and there are about 70 million babies aged 0-3 years, which is undoubtedly the most populous country in the world. We have enough manpower. How to turn the country with the largest population into the country with the largest human resources is a huge project and a profound revolution. There is no shortcut. We must optimize education, improve the quality of the population and mobilize all social forces to participate in this project. It is the main task of the whole society and the whole nation to bring the improvement of population quality into the category of national population and family planning work, establish a perfect system, integrate the strength of nutrition, health, medical care, psychology, education and other disciplines, and form an interdisciplinary professional team. Even if it goes deep into every family and is carried out on the shoulders of every parent, this project can be implemented with the support and help of many policies and team organizations provided by the state, such as policy argumentation, scientific research, education and training. To achieve this great transformation.
The fierce competition for talents in the world, the rapid development of China and the serious shortage of talents have put forward extremely severe tasks for education, and accelerated the cultivation of creative talents with high quality, high ability and high level, which exceeds the world's high-tech level. Education is duty-bound, which is the responsibility entrusted to us by society. Only by cultivating talents with high speed, high quality, speed and good quality can we meet the needs of the country.
(2) Early education is the need of children's growth and development.
1. Early education is the most effective way to develop children's potential.
Science has proved that children are born with great potential. It should be said that every child is born a genius. This is determined by genes. It has been found that human genes, once combined with sperm and eggs, determine the structure of children's brains, accounting for 30%-60%, and the proportion varies from person to person, among which physiological inheritance is the most obvious. It tells us that children's potential exists objectively and the space for development is huge. This not only provides an infinitely broad material premise and development possibility for children's development, but also restricts their future development direction.
Japanese scholar Kimura Kuiyi once put forward the law of decreasing children's possible abilities. He said: A child born with 100 degree possibility may become an adult with 100 degree possibility if he receives an ideal education from birth. If you start education at the age of five, even the best education can only reach adults with 60-degree ability. By the age of fifteen, there are still forty degrees left in education. Explain the great influence of the beginning of education on the development of potential.
The possibility, prospect and time of development all point to the necessity of early education development.
2. Early education is the need of children's physical and mental development.
(1) Early education is an effective means to develop intelligence.
Benjamin Bloom, a famous psychologist at the University of Chicago in the United States, synthesized the research results of some psychologists on intelligence tests and drew a graph of individual intelligence development from the correlation between IQ of different ages and IQ of mature ages. If the intelligence of children aged 65,438+07 develops to 65,438+000%, it will develop to 50% at the age of 4 and 80% at the age of 8, although 65,438+02 is development. 13 years old, with a development rate of 92%. From this curve, children's intellectual development is unbalanced, with rapid development in the first four years, slow development in the last four years and slow development in the last four years. Explain that the younger the child's intellectual development age, the faster it develops. An important condition for developing intelligence is to take knowledge as the carrier and develop children's ability while imparting knowledge. Early education has become the content and effective means to develop intelligence.
(2) Early education is a necessary condition for the development of brain cells and the formation of brain networks.
From the study of brain cells, it is proved that childhood is the fastest and most likely period for children's brain development. Once the fertilized egg is formed, it will divide into three groups of cells after implantation, which will become the basis for the future development of brain, spinal cord, neural tube and cardiovascular system. Embryonic brain primordia were formed on the 20th day of pregnancy. The contour of the sulcus gyrus of two-month-old fetus is obvious; The development of fetal brain cells reached its first peak at three months. At the age of six months, the sulcus gyrus appeared on the surface of the fetus's brain, and the level and structure of the cerebral cortex were basically finalized. Brain cells: 65.438+0.4 billion brain cells, with a life span. The brain structure of a seven-month-old fetus is almost similar to that of an adult. The fetal cerebral cortex is more developed at eight months, and the surface sulcus has been formed. Pregnant in October, with parents' genes and individual development potential, completed the development of physiological people. Asserting that children are an individual with certain potential and positive development. It needs to be developed urgently.
After birth, the newborn's brain weighs 360-390g, which is 25% of the adult's brain. The brain of a six-month-old newborn weighs 660-700 grams, nearly half of that of an adult; 1 year-old brain weighs 900g. The weight of a three-year-old brain is101g, which is three quarters of that of an adult. At the age of seven, the brain weighs1280g, which is close to that of adults. Thirteen-year-old brain weight1350g; The average weight of adult brain is 1400g.
People's intelligence lies not in the number of brain cells, but in the role of brain cells. How many brain cells are there? Professor C F.stevens of Yale University in the United States pointed out: "The human brain is considered to be composed of 10 neurons, which is roughly the same as the number of stars in our Milky Way." Neurons, that is, nerve cells, are a special type of cells, which are composed of cell bodies, axons and dendrites, and have the functions of receiving stimuli, transmitting and integrating information. Nerve cells are connected by synapses, which are the key parts to control information transmission and determine the direction, scope and function of information transmission. According to the research results, most synapses are distributed in dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, especially dendrites. It is estimated that each neuron in the human cerebral cortex has an average of 30,000 synapses, which constitutes an extremely complex network system. The connections between neurons are complicated. In the final analysis, it is necessary to rely on rich external environment to stimulate and educate children, create opportunities for nerve connection, establish orderly conditioned reflex, master systematic scientific knowledge, effectively develop the network system of the brain, and promote the healthy development of brain function.
It can be seen that early education is the need of brain development and promotes brain development.
(3) Early education is the need of brain development.
The development of cranial nerves has several special developmental laws, which become the natural driving force for children's growth, development and maturity.
The first "critical period". The critical period means that children are most likely to learn some knowledge, skills or form some psychological characteristics in a certain period. As long as we miss this period, the obstacles to development will be difficult to make up. This concept was introduced from the "imprinting phenomenon" discovered by the famous Austrian zoologist Lorenz in the process of studying the development of small animals. "imprinting phenomenon" refers to an instinctive reaction that small animals are prone to produce in a short time after birth. For example, following the object, favoring the object, and moaning when the object disappears. Imprints only react within a short period of time when small animals are born. Lorenz called this period "critical period", which was very limited and different. For example, the critical period of chicken imprint is 10- 16 hours after birth; The critical period of puppies is 3-7 weeks after birth; The critical period of voles is 10 days after they can open their eyes and hear. If the kitten lives with the mouse for a short time after opening its eyes, it will not eat the mouse even if it is hungry when it grows up. Lambs will be kept within ten days after birth and will never fit in.
The "critical period" refers to the development of children's language and perception, just like the classic case: 1920, after killing a big wolf in a mountain village near Kolkata, India, two wolf children were found in the wolf's den. The eldest is kamala and the youngest is Amara. They are sent to an orphanage to be raised by singers. In the second year, Amara died, and kamala lived to be sixteen, and his intelligence was only three or four years old. 1929, in the book Wolf Child and Savage, Singh recorded the process of their being civilized. When they first discovered it, they lived like wolves; After seven years of education, kamala has mastered 45 words and can barely speak a few words. Why did the enlightenment process fail? German old Karl. Witt once said, "The power of education is far stronger than ordinary people think. If children are properly educated from birth (zero years old), then they can be trained into children with excellent intelligence and talent. " When children have the material conditions for development, environment and education are important conditions for their development. What kind of environment and education will play a decisive role in children. The first few years of a person's life are the basic stage, and what foundation he lays will affect his life. It also proves that the sensitive period of children's language development has been missed, and even the best educational conditions have little effect. If we change people's instinct in a critical period.
After the Wolf Child, people also found Xiong Haizi, leopard children, monkey children and sheep-fed children. Have the same result as a wolf child. Wolf children were discovered in 1970s, and people are studying them further. Looking forward to uncovering the secret. Facts have proved that timely and early intervention in early education is an indispensable external condition for children's normal and healthy growth and development.
The second is "sensitive period" and "optimal period". Sensitive period refers to the period when children are easy to learn some knowledge and behavior, and a certain aspect of their psychology develops fastest. If they miss the sensitive period or the best period, it will be more difficult for them to learn and develop slowly. Montessori, a world-famous educator, believes that children have two intrinsic motives in the process of growing up, which lead them to strive for maturity. This is a driving force for children to mature, and children can use this inherent sensitivity to develop their own reaction ability and adaptability to complex environments. His explanation for the sensitive period is that in the child's growth stage, children will only concentrate on a certain feature of the environment within a certain time range, so children at this stage have a special interest and enthusiasm for active exploration, and this interest and enthusiasm will disappear until their internal needs are met. Children have a strong interest in a certain behavior without any reason, and repeated learning is fast and effective. In the whole psychological development of life, we find that there are many sensitive periods between 0 and 6 years old, such as: the sensitive period of senses; (0-6 years old) Among them, two months is the best period for sensory training such as vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch, and six months is the best period for tasting and learning to chew various foods; Three to four months is the best period for the development of rollover ability; Seven to eight months is the best period of crawling ability; Eleven to twelve months is the best period for the development of independent walking ability; The first year of life is a sensitive period when hands and tongue are eager to explore the environment; Eight months to eight years old is a sensitive period of language; Two to three years old is the key period of oral learning; The sensitive period of walking is from birth to two years old; One-and-a-half to four-year-old is a sensitive period for the development of tiny fine movements; A sensitive period of possessiveness of about two years old; Two to four years old is a sensitive period of order; Two to five years old is a sensitive period for the development of self-awareness; Two to six years old is the sensitive period of spatial perception; Two and a half to six years old is a sensitive period of social norms; Three and a half years old to four and a half years old is the sensitive period of writing; Four and a half years old to five and a half years old is the sensitive period of reading; Six to nine years old is a period of cultural sensitivity;
The speed of brain development, the establishment of brain neural network and the sensitive period of children's development urgently call for timely, correct, scientific and rich education to meet the normal needs of children's growth and development. Therefore, developing early education is the need of children's physical and mental development. It is an indispensable external condition for children's physical and mental development.
(4) The practical experience of early education proves that it is true to let children win at the starting line.
Karl witte's wisdom, william james's wisdom and so on, the super-long children from all over the world attract worldwide attention. Today, the United States is the earliest and fastest developing country in the world in zero-age education, which has been discussed in theory and observed in practice by national research institutions. There is also widespread concern and active implementation throughout the country, and the results are very remarkable.
The international community is very concerned about talent training, and the International Super Long Children's Fund has been doing this work, sponsoring children with different and ordinary abilities from all over the world to enter world-famous universities for further study, so that they can enjoy the best education, give full play to their potential and make greater contributions to the world.
Chen Mou, from Beijing, China, went to school early at the age of five, entered the Olympic Mathematics School in Dongcheng District, Beijing in the third grade, and was admitted with the score of 100. In the fifth grade, he was admitted to the Olympiad class of Jingshan School. 10 years old, in the Beijing No.8 Middle School exam, 30 people ranked first. 10 entered school for four years and completed junior high school courses. 1997 was admitted to the department of biology of Peking University, majoring in genetic engineering. His ideal is to go abroad for further study.
Lv Chao, a native of Taiyuan, read widely at the age of four, and was admitted to the juvenile class of the University of Science and Technology of China at the age of 14. After graduation, he went to the Royal Academy in Stockholm, Sweden, and completed his doctorate. Now I work in a multinational company in the Netherlands with an annual salary of 640 thousand.
Zhao Lijing stayed in school at the age of 19 and became a university teacher.
Liu Junjie, who went to school at the age of four, went to senior one at the age of nine, went to East China University of Science and Technology at the age of 12, and went to Tsinghua for graduate study at the age of 15.
Chongqing Zhu Derui loved calligraphy since childhood, wrote The Analects of Confucius, and won the title of honorary citizen of Chongqing.
For example, Duoduo shows that early education has theoretical basis and practical testimony, and children have full possibilities, as long as we educate and influence in a timely, moderate, scientific, accurate, balanced and comprehensive manner. Will be exchanged for a wonderful life for children. From this perspective, the cry of society, the desire of children to grow up and the deepening of the educational revolution undoubtedly prove the importance of early education, and it is very important. It is indispensable to life, necessary for children's growth and development, and lays the foundation of life. Its value is unparalleled, so White, a professor at Harvard University, once said: "In the past few thousand years, the experience of educators has mainly been placed on children aged 6 to 8 ... In today's world, when talking about zero-age education in Japan, Tokuhui, a professor at Chiba University and a special director of the Japan Kindergarten Development Association, said:" This is also a unique and epoch-making initiative in the world. "
References:
Hold up the first draft of Tomorrow's Sun, written by Yan.