Male and female identification of turtles
Generally speaking, it is difficult to identify the sex of young turtles (each weighing less than 250 grams) because of their immature sex. Some JS are selling young Brazilian tortoises, saying that sex can be judged according to the pattern of the abdominal armor, which has no scientific basis. For turtles of the same age, females are always older than males. The average Brazilian tortoise weighs 300 grams in males and 500 grams in females. Other turtles have different standards because of different species.
Generally speaking, for common turtles, whether they are water turtles or tortoises, their gender can usually be identified by the following gender characteristics:
Female turtle: the carapace is short and wide, the carapace is flat, there is no depression in the center, the tail is thin and short, the tail base is thin, the cloaca is close to the rear edge of the carapace, and the notches formed by the two anal shields of the carapace are shallow and the notch angle is large.
Male turtle: The carapace is long and narrow, the center of carapace is slightly concave inward, the tail is thick and long, the tail base is thick, the cloaca is far away from the rear edge of carapace, and the notch formed by the anal shield of carapace is deep and the notch angle is small.
Brazilian tortoise is also called red-eared tortoise, Brazilian tortoise and nail turtle.
Latin scientific name: Trachemys scripta
English name: red-eared turtle
Classification of families and genera: reptiles, turtles, tortoises.
The longest nail is 27 cm, which is widely distributed. It is divided into 16 subspecies. Mississippi red-eared turtle, commonly known as Brazilian turtle, is also one of the subspecies of this species.
A taxonomic list of Sparus.
Name:
Negri Wichner, Ste
STH Negri maloney
Trachemys scripta yaquia
Tabas brothers red-eared turtle
Trosti str
Trachemys scripta taylori
Turtle turtle
Delphinium moire
Trachemys scripta hiltoni
Trachemys scripta grayi
Trachemys scripta gaigeae
Mississippi (Brazil) red-eared turtle
Neck-nosed snapper
Trachemys scripta chichiriviviche
Cartas pira turtle
Trachemys terrapen Jamaican colored turtle
Antilles colored turtle
Yellow-bellied red-eared turtle
Turtle of Duchenne
Cross bamboo pod fish
Decorative wart-nosed turtle
Morphological characteristics:
The head is small, the kiss is blunt, the head and neck are inlaid with yellow and green vertical stripes, and there are 1 red patches behind the eyes. The shell is flat, and each shield has a round green pattern, and the rear edge is not serrated. The bellybutton is light yellow, with black ring patterns, like copper coins, and the patterns of each turtle are different. The trailing edge is not serrated. There are plenty of webbed toes and fingers. There are big black spots on the belly of the flower turtle, which is fierce, flexible and aggressive. Moreover, the skin is smooth, the body is thin and the skirt is wide, and the fat is golden yellow. In terms of taste, nutrition, safety and other indicators, it has surpassed the wild turtle.
Overview:
It is named after two pairs of thick red stripes on both sides of the back of the head. Red-eared turtles are more often called Brazilian turtles in the market. Most species come from Brazil, and a few species come from the Mississippi River in the United States. The Brazilian tortoise was first introduced. Its shape is the same as that of a red-eared turtle, except that it has no red ears. Now it has been replaced by a red-eared turtle, and people call it a Brazilian turtle. There are typical red stripes on both sides of the glans penis, and sometimes there are red spots on the top of the head. Red stripes sometimes break into two or three spots with different shades, ranging from orange to crimson. Some red-eared turtles don't have these red stripes! A typical newly hatched red-eared turtle has a charming green shell and skin. The carapace is covered with a perfect pattern composed of yellow-green to dark green stripes. As the tortoise grows up, the color of its shell will change. The green background of young adults will be replaced by yellow, and finally become a deeper brown olive color. The pattern on the shell is composed of black lines, stripes and smoke spots, sometimes mixed with white, yellow or even red spots. In elderly individuals, their crustaceans look more consistent because the differences between the patterns and colors of the crustaceans are reduced.
Food:
Red-eared turtle is an omnivorous turtle. Be careful of your Brazil. He can eat very much. Try to provide them with normal and regular food. Three times a week for adult turtles and once a day for young turtles are recommended. Besides meat, fish, shrimp and insects, it can also accept green plants and aquatic plants well. Commodity turtle food and cat and dog food on the market are more balanced in nutrition. This turtle has a keen sense of sight and smell, so it is good at grabbing food. Under artificial feeding conditions, they like to eat animal food, such as fish, pork, animal offal, mussels, snails, blood worms (chironomid larvae), filariasis (water worms), Tenebrio molitor (breadworms), fly maggots and so on. They also eat vegetables, rice, fruits and other plants. The feeding time of red-eared turtle is not selective, and it is eaten day and night. In the state of hunger, there is food grabbing behavior, and there is a phenomenon of eating.
Feeding environment:
Red-eared turtles live in water most of the time and like to live in clear water. So water quality is very important. Change water every 10 ~ 15 days in summer 1 time. If the water color is brownish green or blue-green, it means that the water quality is too "fat" and all water should be changed in time. From June to September, due to the high temperature, changing water should be carried out 3 to 4 hours after feeding. In winter, turtles can change water less or not during hibernation. Turtles always grow when they are young. When you buy them, you will feel that they can be kept in a small low-priced box, but it is not uncommon to grow to a considerable size-30 cm. At this scale, they need spacious space, good filtration system and time spent on it. If you bought them because they were cheap, they weren't worth it. Because if you want to keep it well, you have to spend 100 times more money to maintain it, including boxes, heaters, filters, lights, food and your hard work. This is not an exaggeration. How much food does it take from larva to adult? This does not include their illness and the cost of running these devices. For amateurs, don't just provide equipment because it's cheap, but raise it seriously.
1, purchase method
Healthy turtles have hard and complete carapace, thick body, bright and light green carapace, bright and wide eyes, clean nostrils, flexible head, back and limbs, and some climb onto other carapace to rest. In short, choose a lively and energetic turtle.
2. Structure of turtle box
All turtles like to stay in the water or eat, and they also like to rest or bask in the sun on land. Turtles have no gills and breathe with their lungs, so they can't stay in the water for a long time. Therefore, after staying in the water for a period of time, they must float to expose their nostrils to breathe and breathe. So no matter how you design the turtle box, in principle, there must be water and land, and it is best to have a ladder between the land and the water to let the turtle climb on the land. The slope is about 20 degrees, which is convenient for turtles to get up and down.
3. Feeding and feeding turtles
(1) Brazilian turtles have the habit of sunbathing, but they can't bask for a long time. Outdoor turtle boxes cannot be placed in long-term direct sunlight, and shading facilities must be provided. If you raise turtles indoors, you can install an ultraviolet lamp 30 cm away from the turtle box and irradiate 15 to 20 minutes every day. Pay attention to the escape of turtles in the box, and it is best to add a net cover. In winter, the water temperature drops and makes it hibernate. If possible in summer, you can take the turtle out to bask in the sun during the day and bring it back at night.
(2) Farming should not be too intensive, and it should be graded according to size, and turtles will also eat the jungle. For example, a large number of soft-shelled turtles should be raised separately, generally 30 to 40, which is convenient for management and can promote growth.
(3) Turtles are omnivores, and most of the wild turtles in nature are carnivores. Raise small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches, etc. Feed raw materials should be put into water, but pebbles should not be put, so as to avoid feed rotting in the cracks of stones and affecting water quality.
(4) Keep the water clean and change the water frequently. In addition, the sand at the bottom is often cleaned. Avoid breeding of bacteria and pests.
Brazilian tortoise lives in water most of the time and likes to live in clear water. So the quality of water is very important. Pond culture should maintain the transparency of water, the water color should be light green, and the transparency should be 20 ~ 30 cm. The water level is moderate in spring and autumn, and deepened in summer and winter, which plays the role of cooling or heat preservation. In spring and autumn, a part of water is pumped every month, furazolidone and quicklime are sprinkled alternately at regular intervals, and then clear water is added. Change water every 10 ~ 15 days in summer: times. If the water color is brownish green or blue-green, it means that the water quality is too "fat" and all water should be changed in time. When raised in a cement pond, the water quality is easy to change, so it is necessary to change the water regularly, usually once a week 1 ~ 2 times from April to May, especially the tableware should be disinfected. From June to September, due to the high temperature, changing water should be carried out 3 to 4 hours after feeding. When hibernating in winter, you can change water less or not.