They are:
1, Taklimakan Desert: Located in the middle of Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, the whole desert is about 1000 km long from east to west, 400 km wide from north to south and covers an area of 330,000 square kilometers. The average annual precipitation does not exceed 100 mm, and at least it is only four or five mm; The average evaporation is as high as 2500-3400 mm.
2. Gurbantunggut Desert: Located in the middle of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, east of Manas River and south of Wulungu River, it is the second largest desert in China and the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, with an area of about 48,800 square kilometers, an altitude of 300-600 meters and abundant water resources.
3. Badain Jaran Desert: Badain Jaran Desert is located in the north of Alxa Right Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, west of Laishan Mountain in Ya Bu, north of Beida Mountain, east of Weak Water and south of Guaizi Lake. Located at 39 30' ~ 42 north latitude and 98 30' ~104 east longitude, it covers an area of 44,300 square kilometers and is the third largest desert in China, with more than 10000 square kilometers in the northwest without human footprints.
4. Tengger Desert: Tengger Desert is one of the four major deserts in China. It spans the Great Wall in the south, Helan Mountain in the east and Laishan Mountain in Ya Bu in the west, covering an area of about 30,000 square kilometers. The altitude of the desert is about 1200 ~ 1400 meters. Tengger Mongolian means heaven, which means boundless quicksand is like boundless sky, hence the name.
5. Qaidam Desert: Qaidam Desert is the fifth largest desert in China with an area of 34,900 square kilometers. Qaidam Desert is located in the hinterland of Qaidam Basin, a giant inland basin in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. At an altitude of 2,500-3,000 meters, it is the highest desert distribution area in China. The degree of drought increases from east to west. The annual precipitation in the east is 50 ~ 170 mm, and the dryness is 2. 1 ~ 9.0. The annual precipitation in the west is only 10 ~ 25mm, and the dryness is 9.0 ~ 20.0. The basin presents a landscape of alternating distribution of wind erosion land, sand dunes, Gobi, salt lakes and saline soil plains.
6. Kumtag Desert: covers an area of 22,800 square kilometers. In eastern Xinjiang, western Gansu, south of Lop Nur and north of Altun Mountain. "Kumtag" is a Uyghur language, "Kumtag" is a desert, and "Targhetta" is a mountain. "Kumtag" is the sand mountain. Multi-flowing sand dunes, moving rapidly to the southwest, tend to meet the Taklimakan desert.
7. Kubuqi Desert: It is the nearest desert to Beijing. It is located in the northern part of the ridge line of Ordos Plateau, and in some areas of Hanggin Banner, Dalat Banner and Zhungeer Banner in Yikezhaomeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The total area is about 1.45 million hectares, and mobile sand dunes account for about 6 1%. They are 400 kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide, and the sand dunes are 10-60 meters high. They lie like a yellow dragon in the northern part of Ordos Plateau, spanning the three banners in Inner Mongolia.
8. Ulan Buh Desert: Ulan Buh Desert covers an area of 9,900 square kilometers. In the northeast of Alashan Plateau, "Wulanbuhe" in Mongolian is red bull, which means that the desert is extremely destructive. Mainly mobile sand dunes, with a height of 10 ~ 30m and a maximum of 50 ~ 100m.
9. Mu Us Desert: Also known as Ordos Sandy Land. Maowusu, which means "bad water" in Mongolian, originated in Maowusu Village, Haizetan Township, Jingbian County, northern Shaanxi Province. The continuous sand belt from Mengjiashawo with self-defined boundary to Gao Jiagou Township in Jingbian is called the Mu Us Sand Belt, which is a preliminary understanding of the Mu Us Mountains. Because the sandy land along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi and the sandy land in the south of Ordos (Yikezhaomeng) in Inner Mongolia are continuously distributed together, the sandy land in the southeast of Ordos Plateau and along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi are collectively called "Mu Us Sandy Land".
10, Hunshandake Sandy Land: Hunshandake Sandy Land is located at the southern end of Xilin Gol Grassland in central Inner Mongolia, with a linear distance of 180 km from Beijing, which is the nearest sand source to Beijing. Hunshandake sandy land is about 450 kilometers long from east to west, covering an area of about 52,000 square kilometers, with an average elevation of 1 100 meters. It is one of the four sandy lands in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.
1 1, Horqin Sandy Land: Located in the triangle between Daxing 'anling and northern Hebei. The terrain is high in the north and south and low in the middle; It is high in the west and low in the east. The Xiliaohe River system runs through it. The most striking feature of the landform is that the sand layer is widely covered and the flat land between hills is wide, forming a topographic combination of Tuodian, which is called "Tuodian Land" by the locals.
12, Hulunbeier Sandy Land: Located in Hulunbeier Plateau in northeast Inner Mongolia. The eastern part is covered by the western foothills of Daxing 'anling Mountains, bordering Dalai Lake and Krulun River in the west, Mongolia in the south and Hailaer River in the north. The terrain gradually decreases from east to west, high in the south and low in the north. The area is 270km long from east to west and 170km wide from north to south. Hulunbeier sandy land covers an area of nearly 65438+100000 square kilometers. Due to overgrazing, the grassland in Chenbaerhu Banner of Hulunbeier began to degenerate, thus forming the fourth largest sandy land in China.
Extended data
Desert (shā mò) refers to the barren land where the ground is completely covered with sand, plants are very scarce, rain is scarce and the air is dry. Desert is also a "sand curtain", an area with drought and water shortage and scarce plants. China desert has a total area of about 700,000 square kilometers. If more than 500,000 square kilometers of Gobi are included, the total area is 6.5438+0.28 million square kilometers, accounting for 654.38+03% of the total land area of China. Northwest arid area is the most concentrated desert area in China, accounting for about 80% of the total desert area in China. The eight most famous deserts in China are Taklimakan Desert and Taklimakan Desert. Gurbantonggut Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Wulanbuhe Desert, Kubuqi Desert, Qaidam Basin Desert and Kumutage Desert.
References:
China Desert Baidu Encyclopedia