First, common oral diseases
1, gingival swelling
Red and swollen gums are mostly caused by excessive internal heat. Although this is not a serious illness, it is still uncomfortable to feel pain. This is a typical symptom of gingivitis. Some people will be accompanied by bleeding, which will lead to tooth loosening and tooth loss in severe cases. Prevention is the best strategy. Brush your teeth and floss in the morning and evening, especially before going to bed, to reduce the accumulation of dental plaque. Clean teeth once every six months to 1 year to prevent dental plaque from turning into calculus.
2, cold sores
Eat your mouth every day. Once there is a problem in the mouth, it will affect eating, so if there is a disease in the mouth, it should be treated in time. Small blisters that grow on or around the lips are highly contagious and often occur during periods when the human body's resistance decreases, such as colds, fever and menstrual periods. Cold sores can be spread by kissing, close contact with infected people or eating tableware. Although cold sores can disappear in a few days, they smell very bad. You can dip a cotton swab in vaseline and apply it on it to avoid the wind and the sun. But if it recurs, you need to go to the hospital for examination.
3, oral ulcer
Pay attention to hygiene when eating or brushing your teeth, and try to avoid oral diseases. Any part of the oral cavity may be invaded by it, generally showing a white raised blister, which is painful. There are many reasons for oral ulcer, such as allergy, infection, fatigue or vitamin deficiency, which usually lasts for a week or two and can heal itself. However, if it lasts for a long time and recurs, you should seek medical advice in time. Usually gargling with light salt water can effectively prevent oral ulcers.
4, oral leukoplakia
When you talk and eat every day, bacteria will continue to enter your body or mouth, so brushing your teeth and gargling every day is a good habit. The most direct response of the oral cavity to external stimuli, improper dentures, frequent smoking and long-term exposure may all lead to this oral disease. Mostly in the lips, tongue, gums and tongue base. There was no discomfort in the early stage. If erosion or ulcer occurs, there will be strong pain. But if it continues to deteriorate, the plaque will suddenly increase and thicken rapidly. Be especially careful at this time, which may be a signal of precancerous lesions.
Second, how to prevent oral diseases
1, oral health survey
Oral health survey is the basis of oral health care, which aims to understand the current situation of oral health and the distribution law of common oral diseases in the population, and provide reliable basis for making prevention and treatment plans for oral diseases.
2. Prevention of common oral diseases
(1) Regular oral health examination
Regular oral health examination can achieve the goal of "treating diseases early", especially for school-age children. Generally, children aged 2~ 12 are examined once every six months; /kloc-check people over 0/2 years old once a year; Pregnant women are examined every 2 to 3 months.
(2) Correct bad habits
Some bad habits, such as unilateral occlusion, lip biting, mouth breathing, lip sucking, finger biting, cheek biting, tongue sticking out, etc. It will also affect the oral defense ability and lead to malocclusion and periodontal disease. It is necessary to analyze the reasons and correct them in time.
(3) Reasonable nutrition
Reasonable nutrition, from the perspective of oral prevention, should pay attention to three points: First, strengthen the nutrition of dental system in its growth and development process, such as the supply of calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, D, C and trace element fluorine. Second, eat more foods with proper hardness, roughness and fiber, clean the tooth surface and strengthen the defense of periodontal tissue. Third, control the intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates to reduce caries-causing factors.
(4) Oral hygiene
Oral hygiene is closely related to the occurrence of oral diseases, especially periodontal disease and dental caries. Methods to maintain oral hygiene include gargling, brushing teeth, cleaning between teeth, gum massage, eliminating food impaction and scaling calculus. Among them, brushing your teeth is the most important.
3, the role of brushing your teeth
Brushing teeth can remove oral dirt, plaque and massage gums, thus reducing pathogenic factors in the oral environment and enhancing the defense ability of periodontal tissue.
(1) brushing method
The methods of brushing teeth include: physiological brushing, vertical vibration, rotary brushing, Bis brushing, horizontal vibration and so on. Among them, the horizontal vibration method (horizontal brushing method) is easy to cause gingival recession and wedge-shaped defect in the neck of teeth, and the other methods are correct brushing methods with their own characteristics. The rotary brushing method is to point the tip of the toothbrush to the gum, make a 45-degree angle with the tooth surface, and make a circular rotation motion in the direction of the crown. This method is simple and especially suitable for children. Vertical vibration method is a brushing method advocated and popularized in China. Its basic action is divided into four steps: first, the bristles are parallel to the long axis of the teeth and close to the tooth surface, and the tips of the bristles point to the gums; Step 2, twist the toothbrush so that the bristles form a 45-degree angle with the long axis of the teeth; Thirdly, the front and rear moments vibrate in parallel; Step 4: Brush your teeth in the direction of occlusal surface or cutting edge, that is, the upper teeth are down and the lower teeth are up. Pull back and forth when brushing the occlusal surface.
(2) Requirements for brushing teeth
Divide the whole oral teeth into several areas according to the up, down, left and right, brush them in turn, brush them on cheeks, tongue and face, and brush them repeatedly. The frequency of brushing teeth generally requires brushing teeth in the morning and evening, gargling after meals, and brushing teeth for at least 3 minutes each time. It is best to brush it once after every meal. Others advocate the "three-three-three" brushing method, that is, brushing the tooth surface three times a day for 3 minutes each time.
(3) the choice of toothbrush
Types of toothbrushes: There are many kinds of toothbrushes. In order to adapt to the vertical vibration method, China decided to promote the health toothbrush in 1975. Its characteristics are: small size, flexible rotation, suitable for partition washing; The handle is straight, so that it has enough strength to wash dirt and massage gums; The bristles are equal in length, which is convenient for washing on three sides; Tie your hair in a row to prevent stabbing and scratching your gums. In addition, some new toothbrushes with special functions have been designed at home and abroad. Such as finger-set toothbrush, music toothbrush, magnetotherapy toothbrush, spray toothbrush, electric toothbrush, semiconductor toothbrush, ion toothbrush, etc.
Generally speaking, the hardness of bristles takes into account that the soft-bristle toothbrush is elastic and easy to bend, and can enter the subgingival and adjacent surfaces to remove plaque, but it cannot completely remove thicker plaque. The design of the top of the bristles is convenient for the bristles to enter the gingival sulcus for cleaning. Compared with the flat cut shape, it has less damage to the gums of teeth.
How to choose a toothbrush should be based on personal oral conditions, and the size, shape and hardness of bristles should be appropriate. Patients should be selected under the guidance of doctors.
4. Toothpaste
At present, toothpaste used in China is divided into three categories: ordinary toothpaste, fluoride toothpaste and medicinal toothpaste. The main ingredients of toothpaste are detergent, friction agent, adhesive and perfume. Fluoride-containing medicated toothpaste is based on the above, and fluoride and some drugs are added to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease.
At present, most of the toothpastes produced in the world are used for prevention and treatment. However, due to the particularity of oral environment, there are many factors affecting the action of drugs, and its actual effect is still uncertain. In addition, if drug toothpaste is abused for a long time, it will also interfere with the oral ecological balance and lead to flora imbalance.
Through the above introduction, everyone knows how to care for their oral health.