1, correctly implement diet items: patients should effectively use food exchange tables. In food selection, we should pay attention to eating more foods with low sugar, low fat, high protein and high cellulose and enough water, and eat less salt to reduce the intake of cholesterol, cannon and fatty acids.
2, master the prescribed calories: diabetic patients can eat the same food as healthy people, there is no need to limit sugar too much. But pay attention to avoid partial eclipse, and don't just eat high-nutrient food. In this regard, the basic principle of type II diabetes diet is the ideal diet content and quality necessary to maintain health, and obese patients should maintain a standard weight.
3, reasonable diet: intake of the necessary minimum calories. The balance of sugar (carbohydrate), protein, fat, vitamins and inorganic salts should be adjusted within an appropriate total calorie range. The proportion of three nutrients in the diet of diabetic patients is: protein 15%, fat 20%-25% and carbohydrate 60%-70%.
4. Calorific requirements for work and activities: children, teenagers, pregnant women, nursing mothers, the elderly, special occupations and diabetic patients with complications should adjust their calories according to specific conditions, and determine the dosage of three major nutrients that have an impact on blood sugar changes, namely, the daily weight per kilogram in protein is 1- 1.2g, the fat is 1g, and the carbohydrate is.
5. Eat more high-fiber foods: cereals such as brown rice and oats, vegetables such as cauliflower, lettuce and peas, and fruits such as apples, pears and oranges. They are all very good. In addition to supplementing a lot of vitamins, they can also reduce blood lipids, delay the absorption of glucose and help stabilize blood sugar.
6, eat more foods with hypoglycemic effect: such as bitter gourd, celery, spinach, carrots, tender melons, grapefruit, garlic, guava and so on.
The common complications of diabetes are podiatry, nephropathy, eye disease, encephalopathy, heart disease, dermatosis and sexually transmitted diseases. The pathological cause of these complications is angiosclerosis of corresponding organs, but the diseases of kidney, eyes and feet are mainly tiny blood vessels, and the diseases of brain and heart are mainly middle blood vessels, but their pathological basis is atherosclerosis. The direct cause of arteriosclerosis is not only the level of blood sugar and blood pressure, but also the amount of blood lipids, especially the amount of high density lipoprotein HDL and oxidized low density lipoprotein Ox-LDL. To prevent diabetic complications, we must effectively control blood sugar, blood pressure and blood lipid.