1, Li Qian permafrost. Amdo County, Xizang Autonomous Region is an important geographical demarcation point, 550 kilometers to the north, and it is a continuous permafrost zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs 550 kilometers through the frozen soil area, and the real deep frozen soil area is nearly 400 kilometers.
In order to solve the frozen soil problem, Chinese scientists have taken measures such as replacing roads with bridges, rubble ventilation subgrade, ventilation subgrade with ventilation pipes (active cooling), gravel rubble slope protection, hot rods, insulation boards and comprehensive waterproof and drainage systems. It has solved the problems caused by thousands of years of frozen soil.
2, altitude sickness, in order to overcome the harsh environment of cold and lack of oxygen and ensure the life and health of railway builders. The Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly issued the following documents for the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, specifically making detailed provisions on medical and health security, and invested nearly 200 million yuan to establish medical and health security points across the line. Three-level medical security institutions have been established and improved.
Medical institutions along the railway 1 15, with more than 600 medical staff, can get effective treatment within half an hour. Conduct regular physical examinations for employees and arrange employees to work in low altitude areas in turn. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also set many new records in paying attention to the life and health of builders. Since the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, more than 453,000 patients have been treated, 427 cases of brain edema and 84 cases of pulmonary edema. None of them died, creating a miracle in the history of plateau medicine.
3. Ecological environment protection. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through China National Nature Reserve, such as Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang. Because it is located on the roof of the world, its ecological environment is sensitive and fragile.
In this regard, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has always adhered to the concept of "environmental protection first" from design, construction to operation and maintenance. For example, in order to protect the living environment of wild animals such as Tibetan antelope, 33 special passages for wild animals have been established across the railway; In order to protect wetlands, the world's first man-made wetland was built in high mountains.
In order to protect the landscape along the line and realize "zero pollution" on the ground and trains; In order to improve the ecological environment along the line and create a "green corridor" thousands of miles away. These unique environmental protection design, construction and operation concepts also make the Qinghai-Tibet Railway the first "environmental protection railway" in China.
Extended data:
Political significance:
Tibet is located in the southwest border of China, bordering India, Pakistan, Nepal and other countries, and its geographical position is very important. The completion and operation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has shortened the land transportation time of trade between China and major cities in Nepal from 12 to 18 days to less than one week, promoted the economic development of the backward northern mountainous areas in Nepal, and helped Nepal to independently appear on the world political stage.
At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has strengthened the ties between other vast areas of China and Tibet, promoted cultural exchanges between Tibetans and other ethnic groups, and strengthened the need for national unity.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Qinghai-Tibet railway