Quantum nephogram optometrist Xu
Correct optometry is the first step of amblyopia treatment, and on this basis, auxiliary treatment-amblyopia training is needed.
Amblyopia training can be divided into the following categories according to different training purposes.
The first category is the training to improve the vision of amblyopic eyes.
This kind of training needs to cooperate with covering, such as eye mask or eye mask, compulsory use of amblyopia eyes, and fine training to improve the vision of amblyopia eyes. Also known as fine vision training.
Common training includes beading, threading, threading, embroidery, marking and so on. There are many training methods, which should be selected according to the age, vision and intelligence of amblyopia patients, and the training methods can also be changed frequently.
For example, it is easier to improve the general vision to 0.5. It belongs to coarse vision before 0.5 and fine vision after 0.6, which requires more detailed training. Therefore, before the child's vision reaches 0.5, you can choose the pearl tablet. After the vision reaches 0.5 or 0.6, you can change the needle.
The second category is the training of eye adjustment and assembly ability.
Adjustment and assembly, that is, the ability of eyes to see near and far, are the basis for eyes to produce clear vision. If the adjustment and aggregation functions are insufficient or abnormal, it is easy to produce visual fatigue, diplopia, blurred vision and even strabismus. The purpose of training children's eye adjustment and assembly ability is to make them see closer and farther, and to see more comfortably and easily.
Children with amblyopia have poor eye adjustment and assembly functions, which are manifested as not liking reading books or being tired when reading homework. You can choose this kind of training. Common are monocular backhand training, lens reading training, letter practice and so on.
The third category, binocular visual function training.
Binocular vision, also known as binocular monocular vision, refers to the process that the human eye transmits the images entering the left eye and the right eye to the brain and processes them in the visual center of the brain to synthesize a complete and three-dimensional scene.
The treatment of amblyopia is not only the improvement of vision, but also the establishment of binocular visual function. Patients who have not established binocular vision function are prone to decline after amblyopia is improved. The binocular vision of amblyopia patients is very different, so it is generally difficult to form normal binocular vision function. After amblyopia eyes simply improve their vision, the binocular visual function will not automatically form.
When the visual difference between amblyopic eyes and healthy eyes is not much (not more than three lines), binocular visual function training should be carried out immediately, which not only helps to establish binocular visual function, but also effectively prevents amblyopia from recurring. Common training products of binocular vision function include convergent-divergent ball, slit ruler and so on.
The fourth category, gaze training.
Normal people's eyes are central fixation (that is, fundus macula fixation), but some amblyopic patients' fixation position is not in the center of macula, but on the retina around macula. This phenomenon is called paracentral fixation, which is more common in children with high hyperopia and strabismus.
After-image therapy, light brush or grating training and red flashing stimulation training can be used to train the fixation nature, so that the paracentric fixation can be changed into the central fixation.
The fifth category is monocular fine training in binocular vision.
Monocular fine training in binocular vision, that is, monocular fixation in binocular vision, is called MFBF training for short. Different from traditional covering training, traditional covering training completely covers healthy eyes, forces children to use amblyopic eyes, and carries out fine training such as beading or spotting. Although the vision of amblyopic eyes has improved, it will destroy the balance of the eyes, and the improvement of vision is unstable, and it is possible to retreat after the improvement of vision.
In recent years, different training methods have been adopted in MFBF training abroad. Using two eyes at the same time can improve binocular vision function, and at the same time, amblyopia eyes can be forced to improve vision. In addition, with the improvement of binocular visual function, the vision of amblyopic eyes is further consolidated and improved.
The common training methods of monocular fine training in binocular vision are mainly divided into two categories: one is to use red-green/red-blue glasses or polarizers to fine train amblyopia eyes while binocular vision is divided, such as red-green playing cards and red-green three-dimensional vector diagrams. The other is depression therapy, which uses depression film or atropine to reduce the central vision of healthy eyes, preserve peripheral vision and carry out amblyopia training.