1 calorie intake should be appropriate. In the past, some people treated hepatitis with a high-calorie diet. Results:12 patients with acute hepatitis and13 patients with chronic hepatitis developed fatty liver. Practice has proved that it is appropriate for patients with chronic hepatitis to get 2400 kilocalories from a balanced diet every day.
(2) The supply in protein should be sufficient. Patients with chronic hepatitis have higher demand for protein than normal people because of digestive absorption disorder, tissue protein decomposition and loss of more protein. Every kilogram of body weight should be given about 1.5g, and more high-quality protein containing essential amino acids should be given. Especially when there is ascites, if the albumin in the body is increased, the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma can be increased, which is beneficial to the return of tissue fluid, reducing the leakage of ascites, increasing blood volume and glomerular filtration rate, thus playing the role of diuresis and reducing ascites. Protein mainly comes from fish, shrimp, eggs, lean meat, milk and bean products.
In patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, the ability to deal with protein's metabolic end product-ammonia is low. In order to avoid ammonia poisoning, the intake of protein in the diet should be limited, and the daily weight should be controlled at 0.7 ~ 1g or less.
③ Carbohydrates should be obtained from grains. Carbohydrates should be rice and flour, and some coarse grains and refined sugar, such as sucrose and fruit sugar, should not be eaten more. Otherwise, it will not only affect appetite, hinder the intake of other nutrients, but also easily cause fat accumulation in the body and induce fatty liver. The intake of carbohydrates should be about 400 grams of grain per person per day, accounting for 65% ~ 75% of the total calories.
④ The supply of fat should be moderate. Liver disease, bile secretion is affected, hindering the digestion and absorption of fat. It is necessary to reduce the supply of fat in food. Generally, it does not exceed 50 grams of fat every day, including the fat in edible oil and various foods.
⑤ Provide adequate vitamins. When the liver is sick, the absorption and metabolism of vitamins are affected, so food should be rich in vitamins. B vitamins play an important role in promoting digestion and absorption, synthesizing glycogen and preventing fatty liver. They mainly come from coarse grains and meat. Vitamin C has the functions of promoting metabolism and detoxification, and is mainly obtained from fresh colored vegetables and fruits. Vitamin A and vitamin E have protective effects on the liver, mainly from animal food and vegetable oil.
⑥ Supply of other nutrients. The content of zinc in liver and serum of patients with liver disease decreased, so attention should be paid to zinc supplementation. Lean meat of pigs, cattle and sheep is rich in zinc, which can be eaten in combination with protein.
If patients with liver cirrhosis have ascites, they should adopt a low-salt or salt-free diet according to the amount of ascites. Low salt, that is, the daily consumption of salt is 3 ~ 5g, including the salt in other condiments.
In addition, patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to hypokalemia and hepatic coma, so they should choose foods rich in potassium and cellulose, such as lean meat, vegetables and fruits. Cellulose can keep the stool unobstructed, reduce the absorption of amines, and play a certain role in preventing hepatic coma.
Eat less or no spicy food.
⑦ Simple diet therapy. Chronic hepatitis: Peel pears, soak them in vinegar jars and eat them after 2-3 days. Regular consumption is effective; Ascites due to cirrhosis: Take 4 pig bile and 500g mung bean powder. Drying and pulverizing pig bile, adding into mung bean powder, adding water and stirring evenly to make bean balls. Take 6-9g each time, three times a day until finished.