Early symptoms and preventive measures of avian influenza Recently, avian influenza has struck again. How should we prevent bird flu? What are its early symptoms?
Early symptoms of avian influenza
The incubation period of avian influenza is usually 65,438+0 weeks, mostly 65,438+0 ~ 3 days. People can get sick at any age, and there is no gender difference. Often acute onset, early symptoms are similar to ordinary flu. The main manifestation is fever, and the body temperature is generally above 39℃ 1~7 days, mostly 2~4 days.
Patients may have systemic poisoning symptoms such as headache, fatigue and muscle aches, respiratory symptoms such as runny nose, stuffy nose, cough and sore throat, and some patients may have digestive tract symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea and watery stool.
Once you have symptoms of acute respiratory infection such as fever and cough, especially those with high fever and dyspnea, you should seek medical advice in time. Keeping personal hygiene habits such as washing hands frequently and covering your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing can effectively prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza.
Preventive measures:
1, strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to supplement nutrition, ensure adequate sleep and rest to enhance resistance.
2. Minimize unnecessary contact with poultry, especially dead poultry. Wash your hands frequently, stay away from the secretions of birds, and pay attention to thoroughly washing your hands with disinfectant and water when touching birds or bird droppings.
3, should try to buy quarantine poultry products in the regular bird flu epidemic sales places.
4. Develop good personal hygiene habits, strengthen indoor air circulation, and open the window for half an hour 1 ~ 2 times a day. When eating poultry meat, it should be cooked thoroughly. When eating eggs, the eggshells should be washed with running water, cooked and fully heated. Don't eat raw or undercooked eggs. Have enough sleep and rest, eat a balanced diet, and pay attention to eating foods rich in vitamin C and other immune-enhancing foods. Exercise regularly to increase the body's resistance to viruses.
5. Schools and kindergartens should take measures to educate children not to feed wild pigeons or other birds, and wash their hands thoroughly immediately after touching birds or bird droppings. When traveling, try to avoid contact with birds, such as not going to birdwatching gardens, farms, markets or parks; Do not feed pigeons or wild birds.
6. Don't underestimate a bad cold. The symptoms of avian influenza are similar to other influenza, such as fever, headache, cough and sore throat. In some cases, it can cause complications and lead to the death of patients. Therefore, if you have respiratory symptoms such as fever, headache, stuffy nose, cough and general malaise, you should wear a mask and go to the hospital as soon as possible, and be sure to tell the doctor whether you have been to the bird flu epidemic area before the onset, whether you have been in contact with sick birds, and treat and use drugs under the guidance of a doctor.
Prevention and control of avian influenza/avian influenza
To control infectious diseases, we should start with three links: the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible population.
source of infection
To prevent avian influenza, we must first start from the source of infection. Relevant reports pointed out that extreme poultry breeding environment is an important factor to promote the variation of avian influenza virus, so improving poultry breeding environment and reducing the breeding density of farms are the fundamental means to prevent the variation of avian influenza virus and the outbreak of epidemic diseases for a long time. In addition, keeping different kinds of poultry separately can also help to control the spread of epidemic diseases: keeping ducks, geese and chickens separately can prevent chickens from being infected with ducks and geese and dying in large numbers.
In addition, vaccination for poultry has been proved to be the fastest and most effective way to control avian influenza. However, some experts in Hong Kong said that the method of vaccinating all birds in China mainland farms has certain risks, that is, all birds are vaccinated, so that all birds have disease resistance. In this way, once bird flu breaks out again, because all birds have disease resistance, farmers can't find it early and send an early warning to the relevant departments. The practice in Hong Kong is to require all farms to raise a small number of unvaccinated poultry. In this way, once the bird flu comes again, these unvaccinated birds can play an early warning role and remind other farms to pay attention to the virus coming again. In addition, according to the work report of the United Nations Environment Programme, vaccine abuse is also an important factor inducing the variation of influenza virus, so over-injection of vaccine is not worth advocating.
Transmission routing
Migratory birds are important spreaders of avian influenza virus, but it is impossible to slaughter all infected migratory birds. The culling of migratory birds will disperse the originally gathered birds, making the spread of the virus more difficult to control. Therefore, isolating poultry from migratory birds and avoiding cross-infection are effective means to control the spread of avian influenza. In China, many farms hang giant nets in poultry farms to prevent virus-carrying migratory birds from infecting poultry. In addition, some European countries require farms to move birds indoors in order to cut off the contact between poultry and wild birds from the transmission route. Although moving poultry indoors will reduce their activity space, thus affecting the texture of poultry meat, it is also less than the loss caused by the need to eliminate all birds because of bird diseases.
In addition to bird migration, the worldwide bird trade is also an important way for the spread of avian influenza virus. Legal bird fairs carry out strict animal epidemic prevention inspection in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and the probability of spreading diseases is relatively small. The illegal bird trade, especially the activities of wild birds, has not been monitored by animal epidemic prevention. Capturing, selling, selling, eating and releasing wild birds will not only cause the virus to spread across regions, but also cause the virus to spread between birds and wild birds due to the close contact between operators and wild birds. Therefore, strict monitoring of legal and illegal bird trade is also an important link to prevent and control the spread of avian influenza.
vaccine
The University of Hong Kong successfully developed H5 avian influenza vaccine by using the registered smallpox vaccine. Based on the vaccinia virus of smallpox vaccine, the researchers added H5 virus to the vaccine and tested it on mice. The results showed that the vaccine had 65,438+0,000% protection against virus infection. The vaccine can reduce the replication of H5 virus in mice and stimulate more immune antibodies in vivo. The advantage of the new vaccine is that it is suitable for people with low immunity, and pharmaceutical companies can produce it in a short time.