1. Body temperature:
The normal body temperature is 36℃ to 37℃. Above this temperature, it is fever, and below this temperature, it is called "hypothermia". The latter is common in the elderly and patients with chronic malnutrition, but also in patients with hypothyroidism and shock diseases.
2. Pulse:
Adult pulse rate is 60 ~ 100 times per minute. If it is found too fast, too slow, the intermittent strength is uncertain, and the speed is not equal, it is an unhealthy performance of the heart. The heart rate of the elderly is generally slow, but as long as it is not less than 55 beats per minute, it belongs to the normal range.
3. Breathe:
Healthy people breathe smoothly and regularly, about 15 times per minute. If the depth, frequency and rhythm of breathing are abnormal, breathing is laborious, and there is a feeling of chest tightness and suffocation, it is abnormal and should be treated by a doctor. The heart and lung function of the elderly is decreased, and palpitation and shortness of breath may occur after exercise. If they can recover soon after rest, they should not be considered as a manifestation of this disease.
4. Blood pressure:
Adult blood pressure does not exceed 140/80mmHg. The blood pressure of the elderly increases with age, but when the systolic blood pressure exceeds 160mmHg, medication should be taken regardless of symptoms.
5. Weight:
Long-term stability of weight is one of the indicators of health. Short-term emaciation can be seen in diabetes, hyperthyroidism, cancer, stomach, intestine and liver disease. Whether menopausal women are fat or not is often considered as a disease. A lot of weight gain in the short term may be related to diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes and hypothyroidism.
6. Diet:
Adults eat no more than 500 grams a day, and the elderly do not eat more than 350 grams. If you eat and drink more, you should consider the existence of diseases such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism. If you eat less than 250 grams a day and lose appetite for more than half a month, you should check for potential inflammation and cancer.
7. defecation:
Healthy people defecate once a day or every other day, forming yellow soft stool. Old people who eat less and exercise less, especially the very old, can defecate once every 2 to 3 days. As long as the defecation is smooth and the stool is not dry, it is not constipation. Abnormal stool color, character and frequency can reflect colon lesions.
8. urinate:
Adults urinate about 1 ~ 2 liters every day, once every 2 ~ 4 hours, and the interval between urination at night is uncertain. Normal urine is light yellow, transparent, with a little foam. If abnormal urine color and volume, frequent urination, dysuria or pain are abnormal manifestations, seek medical attention.
9. Sleep:
Adults sleep 6 ~ 8 hours every day, and the elderly have to take a nap. Difficulties in falling asleep, waking up at night, and drowsiness during the day are all manifestations of sleep disorders.
10. Spirit:
Healthy people are full of energy, quick in action, reasonable in mood, painless and dizzy; Otherwise, it is necessary to check whether there are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and neuromuscular system diseases.