Establish a medical and health system covering urban and rural areas. The first is the public health service system. Including disease prevention and control, health education, maternal and child health care, mental health, health emergency, blood collection and supply, health supervision and family planning and other professional public health service networks, as well as a medical and health service system that undertakes public health service functions based on grassroots medical and health service networks. The second is the medical service system. In rural areas, a three-level rural medical and health service network led by county-level hospitals and based on township hospitals and village clinics will be established, and a new urban medical and health service system with division of labor and cooperation between hospitals at all levels and community health service institutions will be established in cities. The third is the medical security system. This system is based on basic medical insurance, supplemented by other forms of supplementary medical insurance and commercial health insurance. The basic medical security system includes basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents, new rural cooperative medical care and urban and rural medical assistance, covering urban employed population, urban unemployed population, rural population and urban and rural poor population respectively. The fourth is the drug supply security system. Including the production, circulation, price management, procurement, distribution and use of drugs. The focus in the near future is to establish a national system of essential drugs.
Health financing structure has been continuously optimized. Health financing sources include general government taxes, social medical insurance, commercial health insurance and residents' own expenses. 20 1 1 year, the total health expenditure in China reached 24,345,438+0 billion yuan, and the total per capita health expenditure in the same period was 1806.95 yuan, accounting for 5. 1% of GDP (see Figure 5). Calculated at comparable prices, the average annual growth rate of total health expenditure in China is1978-2011.32%. Personal cash health expenditure decreased from 57.7% in 2002 to 34.8% of 20 1 1 (see Figure 6), and the risk protection level and redistribution function of the health financing system have been continuously improved. 20 1 1 year, the cost of hospitals and outpatient institutions is 180894 billion yuan, and the cost of public health institutions is 204.067 billion yuan, accounting for 7 1.74% and 8.09% of the total health expenditure respectively. Among the hospitalization expenses, the expenses of municipal hospitals, county hospitals, community health service centers and township hospitals accounted for 64. 13%, 2 1.28%, 5. 17% and 9.3% respectively.
Sustainable development of health resources. By the end of 20 1 1, there were 954,000 medical and health institutions in China, an increase of 654,380+048,000 compared with 2003. There are 2.466 million practicing (assistant) doctors, and the number of practicing (assistant) doctors per thousand population has increased from 65,438 0.5 in 2002 to 65,438 0.8. There are 2.244 million registered nurses, and the number of registered nurses per thousand population has increased from 1 in 2002 to 1.7. The number of beds in medical and health institutions is 510.6 million, and the number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population has increased from 2.5 in 2002 to 3.8.
The utilization rate of medical and health services has improved significantly. 20 1 1 year, the number of medical consultations in medical institutions nationwide increased from 210.50 billion in 2002 to 6.27 billion, and the number of inpatients increased from 599/kloc-0.50 billion in 2002 to/kloc-0.50 billion. China residents visit medical and health institutions 4.6 times a year, and every 100 residents are hospitalized 1 1.3 times. The utilization rate of hospital beds was 88.5%, and the average length of stay of discharged patients was 65438 00.3 days. It is more convenient and accessible for residents to see a doctor. The proportion of households who can reach medical institutions within 0/5 minutes of/kloc-increased from 80.7% in 2003 to 83.3% of 20 1 1, including 80.8% in rural areas. The medical quality management and control system has been continuously improved. Establish a voluntary blood donation system to ensure blood safety.