Three Great Immigrants in the History of Guilin
In the past, Guilin people always liked to ask such a sentence when they met: "Where is your hometown?" And the answer is that there are very few people whose hometown is local, and most of them are from Jiangxi, Hunan. Indeed, Guilin is an immigrant city. There have been many immigrants in Guilin's history, mainly three times. Among them, the first and third migrations were "government actions" and the second was "folk ways".
The first time was during the construction of Lingqu in 22 1 BC.
The construction of Lingqu began in the 28th year of Qin Shihuang, that is, 2 19 BC, and ended in the 33rd year of Qin Shihuang, that is, 2 14 BC. It took four or five years, involving millions of troops and migrant workers.
The soldiers who participated in the construction of Qin Cheng Lingqu in those days were called "Steep Army" by the local people, which means the army that built Qin Cheng, Lingqu and Steep Gate. Most of the people in the "steep army" stationed troops in Wuguan, stayed in the local area, married and had children, and the population flourished.
By the way, in the navigation history of Lingqu for more than 2000 years, the role of steep gate can not be underestimated. Experts believe that Doumen is the earliest ship lock in history and the originator of modern electric gates. It is the earliest ship lock prototype in the history of the world ship lock, and is called "the father of the world ship lock".
The steep gate of Lingqu is very flexible to open and close, saving manpower and convenient to maintain. At that time, it was a very advanced mode of water storage and transportation. In Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda praised the steep gate of Lingqu in his Gui Zhiheng.
This canal surrounds Xing 'an, not a few feet deep but more than ten feet wide. There are thirty-six Doumen sixty miles away, but the natives call them Doumen. A boat into the bucket, locked, water gradually accumulated, can build a ridge along the cliff, a thousand boats are also feasible. Clever water control, there is no so-called canal.
In foreign countries, the earliest ship locks appeared in Holland in Europe in 1375, when China was already in the Ming Dynasty. This technology of navigation by ship lock was invented by the working people in ancient China, and it has been used to modern times. All the rivers, lakes and seas in the world, the Panama Canal opened at the end of 19 and completed at the beginning of the 20th century, including the Gezhou Dam of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Dam in China today, all use this "bucket gate" method to solve the water level difference and make the ships navigable. Steep gate is the ancestor of ship lock, which is ancient and advanced, traditional and modern, practical and artistic. Doumen's invention is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people in China, which has written a brilliant page in the history of shipping and architecture in the world and China.
The second time was in Guilin Anti-Japanese Cultural City.
At that time, due to geographical location, politics, military and other reasons, Guilin's population expanded to nearly 700,000, cultural celebrities gathered, and the anti-Japanese cultural movement was unprecedentedly high, known as the "cultural city". There are as many as thirty or forty progressive cultural groups in Guilin. All kinds of anti-Japanese cultural activities carried out by these groups are large in scale and have a wide influence. Third, the number of newspapers and periodicals has surged and the publishing industry has flourished. According to incomplete statistics, there were 79 bookstores and publishing houses and/or printing houses 109. At that time, influential cultural supply agencies, life bookstores, Xinzhi bookstores and reading life publishing houses were widely welcomed by the society. According to statistics, there were more than 65,438+0,000 intellectuals in Guilin at that time, of which nearly 200 were well-known in China. As the backbone of Guilin Cultural City, these intellectuals formed a strong team and actively carried out the cultural movement of the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, Guilin was the most important and active position of the anti-Japanese war culture in the southwest rear area.
Today's Guilin people, there are many people with the blood of these cultural people.
The third time was in 1950s, when factories in Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin, Shenyang and other big cities moved to Guilin. They poured like a waterfall into Guilin, a beautiful land in the west, and the Lijiang River accepted their love with an open green mind. Their participation has promoted the development of Guilin's economy, further improved the composition of Guilin people and enriched the content of Guilin's history and culture. They wrote the development history of Guilin with the blood of youth, and their creation is an indispensable part of Lijiang civilization. Today, Guilin has a "Shanghai Road" which runs directly from the South Railway Station to the Lijiang River, just to commemorate that period of history. It can be said that their frontier guards at that time were pioneers of the western development, and Guilin will not forget them.
Some people think that there was another large-scale immigration in Guilin, that is, the period of "Huguang filling Sichuan" in the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to years of war and Zhang's murderous behavior, Sichuan was sparsely populated. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the government gave some preferential treatment, so that people from central and southern areas such as Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong moved to Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in the west, and some people stayed in Guilin on the way. It also proves that in the language of many old Guilin people today, there are many pronunciations of words from Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places in their phonetic system. Obviously, "eating" is the so-called "qí rice". ZH, CH, SH pronounce J, Q, X, PIG pronounce Ju, which is consistent with Huguang pronunciation. The author searched carefully and found no excellent information about immigration to Guilin. There is only one statement. )