Gene is a functional fragment of DNA molecule, the basic unit of genetic information and the most basic factor that determines all biological species. Genetic testing is a technique to detect DNA through blood, other body fluids or cells. Genetic testing can be used to diagnose diseases and predict the risk of diseases. Next, let's learn about genetic testing.
What is the significance of genetic testing? The cost of genetic testing? Genetic testing institutions choose non-invasive prenatal genetic testing for children and cancer genetic testing 1. What is genetic testing? After extracting and amplifying the genetic information of blood and oral mucosa cells, the genetic information of DNA molecules in the cells of the subjects was detected by gene chip technology or super-Qualcomm SNP typing technology, and the situation of various susceptible genes contained in the subjects was analyzed.
2 The significance of gene detection 1, predictive medicine. It can accurately predict the disease risk in healthy period and sub-health period.
2. Disease prevention. Disease = internal cause+external cause. Through the understanding of internal causes, the influence of external causes can be effectively avoided, thus reducing the risk of illness.
3. Health management. If you know that you have a certain disease susceptibility gene through genetic testing, you can actively improve your environment and living habits and do your own health management.
4. Personalized medical services. Through genetic testing, we are reminded which drugs to use with caution, which not only greatly reduces unnecessary medical expenses, improves the curative effect, but also avoids causing greater harm to the human body.
3. The new generation sequencing (NGS) of gene detection technology mainly includes whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exon sequencing (WES) and targeted region sequencing (TRS). Generally speaking, NGS technology has the advantages of large flux, short time, high accuracy and rich information, which enables geneticists to accurately locate the genes of interest in a short time.
4 genetic testing costs Some genetic testing institutions need 10,000 yuan for genetic testing, and some online stores can do a test for a few hundred yuan. It seems that the price difference of the same testing items is very large. At present, the prices of genetic testing products in general formal institutions are charged according to the testing items. A single genetic test costs several hundred yuan, and packages containing more items will reach thousands or even tens of thousands. However, there are some genetic testing enterprises with no corresponding service qualification in the market, which make use of ordinary people's ignorance of genetic science and technology information to launch false high-priced testing packages to earn profits.
5. Selection of genetic testing institution 1, with strong technical background;
2, genetic testing institutions have passed the laboratory standard certification;
3, gene testing institutions have a complete database of genes and diseases;
4. Genetic testing institutions should establish professional and accurate mathematical models;
5. The genetic testing project is aimed at the characteristics of China population;
6. Provide complete post-inspection services for genetic testing projects, and provide personalized health guidance and consultation.
6 Non-invasive prenatal genetic testing In fact, non-invasive prenatal genetic testing has stopped. After all, non-invasive prenatal genetic testing is a method to check genes, and the topic of non-invasive prenatal genetic testing has never been stopped. The non-invasive prenatal genetic testing was suspended for half a year because the relevant state departments failed to properly control it. However, after being audited by China Food and Drug Administration, two second-generation gene sequencers and test kits of Huada Gene were approved for "non-invasive prenatal genetic testing", that is, to detect the risk of down syndrome and other genetic diseases in pregnant women, so as to avoid birth defects of newborns. At present, non-invasive prenatal genetic testing is in a state of restart, and many hospitals also have mechanisms for non-invasive prenatal genetic testing.
7 Children's genetic testing A doctor of biology said that the genetic testing of children's sports talents still has certain scientific basis. "For example, the explosive power of an athlete is different from that of ordinary people, and the content of muscle protein is definitely different from that of ordinary people. This muscle development gene can still be detected by technical means. " As for the detection of children's musical talent and painting talent. Because the biological basis of such functions is still unclear, "genetic testing of children's talents is not reliable."
From a practical point of view, it should be more accurate and cost-free to make predictions based on the traditional' such family background' and children's' natural hobbies'.
If parents have expertise in this field, then the probability of children gaining genetic' advantage' is naturally higher. More importantly, children are exposed to it since childhood-the interaction between environment and heredity is naturally stronger. If children show a strong interest and ability in this area from an early age, then the interaction between genotype and environment will be realized on the' phenotype'.
8 cancer genetic testing genetic testing of tumor cells can help your attending doctor to formulate personalized treatment plans for you. Genetic testing can determine your cancer gene map, and then match your gene map with the published cancer treatment plan through evidence-based medicine. Who deserves cancer genetic testing?
1. This person is at risk of personal or familial hereditary cancer.
2. The test results can clearly indicate whether there are oncogenes.
3. The examination results are helpful for this person's future medical treatment.
Experts suggest that it is worthwhile to do cancer genetic testing if the above three items are met.
Top Ten Genetic Testing Institutions Huada Gene BGI Berry Gene Boao Bio-Anno Road Jinyu Medical Dean Diagnosed Daan Gene Medicine WuXi Kang De Zhongyuan Xie Henuo and Zhiyuan Novo Nordisk.