The types of CEN deliverables are European standard (EN), technical specification (TS), technical report (TR) and CEN seminar agreement (CWA). In the early days, there were European Preparatory Standard (ENV) and CEN Report (CR). A certain number of ENV and CR can still be seen in the current CEN standard catalogue, and these ENV and CR will be gradually converted into TS and TR or abolished.
1. European standard
European Standard (EN) is a technical normative document drafted by CEN Technical Committee (TC) or CEN Technical Bureau (BTTF) and approved by CEN Technical Bureau (BT). The drafters of European standards must be representatives appointed by national members (national standards organizations). The formulation of European standards must go through the stage of soliciting opinions and voting, that is, the draft standards should be formally solicited from member States, and the period for soliciting opinions is generally five months. TC or BTTF will form a final draft on the basis of soliciting opinions, and then CEN management center will distribute it to national members for formal voting. The voting period is usually 2 months. If the weight of the affirmative vote is greater than or equal to 7 1%, BT will approve the draft as a European standard. European standards must be published in CEN's three official languages (English, French and German). When implementing European standards, countries can translate them into their own languages according to their own needs, but they must be completely equivalent without any deviation. European standards must be reviewed every five years. During the review, errata or amendments to European standards may be issued.
European standard is one of the most powerful CEN standards. All countries must convert European standards into national standards and cancel the national standards that contradict them. Once the European standards are approved, all national standards organizations may not formulate national standards with the same content or modify existing national standards with the same content without the permission of the Technical Bureau. This obligation is called "pause" so that countries can concentrate on drafting and harmonizing European standards. However, the nature of European standards is voluntary, that is, it is voluntary for manufacturers, and manufacturers can not comply with European standards in the process of product manufacturing. In this sense, the European standard is equivalent to China's recommended standard (GB/T).
The codes of standards are placed before European standards, such as British national standard BSEN7 1:2003: 2003, French national standard NFEN7 1:2003: 2003, and German national standard DINEN7 1:2003: 2003.
In addition, some European standards formulated by CEN are harmonized European standards. The harmonized standard is a European standard formulated by CEN according to the "standardized proxy" issued by the European Commission. Different from other European standards, Harmonized Standards are technical specifications that directly support the implementation of EU directives, and their titles, codes and corresponding new method directives need to be published in the Official Gazette of the European Union (OJEC). By the end of 2006, european committee for standardization (CEN) had formulated 65,438+0,825 harmonized standards, and 600 harmonized standards were being formulated.
2. Technical specifications
Technical specification (TS) is a technical normative document drafted and approved by CEN TC or BTTF. When a technical document may become a European standard in the future, CEN will approve it as a technical specification (TS). Technical documents under the following conditions can be approved as technical specifications:
(1) When the draft European standard does not get enough votes;
(2) When there is doubt about the consistency of the draft European standards;
(3) When the technology involved in the standard is not mature enough;
(4) When there are other reasons to prevent the draft standard from being approved as a European standard immediately.
The drafter of technical specifications must be a representative designated by a national member (national standards organization). Technical specifications can be formulated without the stage of soliciting opinions, but there must be a formal voting stage. National standards organizations in various countries must declare the existence of approved technical specifications at the national level, but there is no need to revoke contradictory national standards. Technical specifications must be published in at least one official CEN language. Technical specifications must be reviewed every three years, and there are three results of the first review: new technical specifications, abolished or converted into European standards through formal voting. If the technical specifications cannot be converted into European standards at the second review, they will be abolished, that is, the maximum service life of the technical specifications is 6 years. During the period of review, the errata of technical specifications may be issued, but the modification list of technical specifications may not be issued. If we want to find the corresponding type among the national standard types in China, it is the guiding technical document (GB/Z).
3. Technical report
Technical Report (TR) is an informative document on technical information of standardization work approved by TC, BTTF or BT, and it is not suitable for publication as European standard or technical specification. For example, the technical report can be survey data of CEN national standardization work, information about standardization work of other European organizations or the latest information about national standards on specific topics.
The drafter of the technical report must be a representative designated by a national member (national standards organization). The formulation of the technical report may have no stage of soliciting opinions, but there must be a formal voting stage. Different from European standards and technical specifications, this kind of voting is a simple majority voting, regardless of the weight of the affirmative votes. Technical reports must be published in at least one official CEN language. National standards organizations in various countries do not need to announce the existence of approved technical reports at the national level. There is no time limit for the validity of technical reports. The errata or revised version of the technical report may be published, but the revised version of the technical report cannot be published.
4.CEN Seminar Agreement (CWA)
CEN Seminar Agreement (CWA) is a faster and more flexible standardized product approved by CEN Seminar, which reflects the agreement reached by individuals and organizations participating in the seminar. CWA was originally introduced to meet the needs of the rapid development of information and communication fields. Now, CWA is used in all standardization fields of CEN. CEN seminar is an open organization, and the participants are anyone who is interested in standard setting. Don't ask for national representatives, and there are no geographical restrictions, so the drafters of CWA can come from all over the world. The formulation of CWA does not need to formally solicit the opinions of national standards organizations, but can be approved as long as the individuals and organizations attending the seminar reach a broad agreement. CWA must be published in at least one official language of CEN. Like TS and TR, CWA is not as effective as European standards, that is, CEN members are not obliged to adopt CWA as a national standard. CWA is valid for 3 years. After the expiration of CWA, CEN Management Center sought the opinions of the seminar that drafted CWA, and it was either abolished or became a new version of CWA.
The standard type of CEN corresponds to ISO, such as EN for ISO, CEN/TS for ISO/TS, CEN/TR for ISO/TR, and CWA for IWA. ISO PAS (publicly available specification) has no corresponding standard type in CEN system.
Second, the classification statistics of CEN standard
By the end of 2006, the total number of CEN standards reached 12357. Including 289 Technical Specification (TS), 133 Technical Report (TR), 260 Seminar Agreement (CWA), 202 European Preparatory Standard (ENV), 120 CEN Report, 1353 European Standard (where 1825 is
In 2006, CEN approved and issued 1472 standards, including 1287 European standards,10/technical specifications, 53 technical reports and 3 1 seminar agreements. In addition, at the end of 2006, CEN had 3,565,438+00 work projects under way, including 600 coordinated standard-setting projects.
CEN Management Center (CMC) itself does not sell European standards, and all CEN standards need to be obtained from CEN national members (national standards organizations).
The European standards approved by CEN mainly cover the field of 15, specifically: (1) Chemistry: mainly including hydrocarbon fuels, biofuels, adhesives, civil explosives, etc. (2) Construction and municipal engineering: mainly including buildings, building products, materials and equipment, fire protection, geotextiles, etc. ; (3) Household articles, sports and entertainment: mainly including toys, sports, sports and sports venue equipment, textiles, fireworks and firecrackers, etc. ; (4) Environment: mainly including air quality, water quality, landfill and eco-labeling. ; (5) Food: mainly including food composition analysis, animal feed, quality insurance, food packaging and transportation, etc. (6) General standards: mainly including approval, certification, testing, lighting, acoustics and vibration; (7) Medical treatment: mainly including medical equipment, injection and diagnostic equipment, materials and equipment for eye and dental care, etc. (8) Occupational health and safety: mainly including personal protective equipment, such as equipment for protecting ears, eyes and respiratory tract; (9) Heating, refrigeration and ventilation: mainly including gas appliances, fuel equipment, solid fuel equipment, refrigerators, heat pumps, etc. (10) information society: mainly including information and communication technology, electronic Europe plan, etc. (1 1) materials: mainly including steel, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, paper, leather, fiber and plastic; (12) mechanical engineering: mainly including mechanical safety, pressure-bearing equipment, boilers, pipelines, oil tanks, etc. (13) services: mainly including standards for regulating contracts and training, such as contract signing and corresponding qualification training in transportation, tourism, postal services and other industries; (14) transportation packaging: mainly including the intercommunication between high-speed railway and ordinary railway, aviation, dangerous goods transportation, packaging, waste packaging, etc. (15) public utilities and energy: mainly including steam supply, power engineering, cogeneration, wastewater treatment, solar energy, etc.