2 English reference adaptation barriers
3 Disease alias adaptation disorder
4 disease code ICD:F09
5 disease classification psychiatry
6 disease overview Adaptation disorder is a chronic psychogenic disorder. Due to long-term stressors or difficult situations, coupled with patients' personality defects, it causes emotional disorders such as worry and depression, and bad adaptation behaviors (such as withdrawal, neglect of hygiene, irregular life, etc.). ) and physiological dysfunction (such as poor sleep, loss of appetite, etc. ), and damage social function. Its course of disease is often very long, usually after stress events or life changes. Things have changed, * * * has been eliminated, or because of the new adaptation formed after adjustment, psychological barriers have been alleviated.
7 disease description adaptation disorder refers to short-term mild troubles and emotional disorders, often accompanied by a certain degree of behavioral changes, which occur when there are obvious changes in life or environment. But no psychotic symptoms. Typical life events include mourning, divorce, career or job change, relocation, transfer, serious illness, economic crisis, retirement, etc.
Symptoms and signs The onset of this disease is mostly after stress events 1 ~ 3. Within a month. The clinical symptoms of patients have changed greatly, mainly manifested as abnormal mood and behavior; Common anxiety, worry, depression, incompetence, timidity, difficulty in concentration, confusion and irritability. It may also be accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitation and tremor. At the same time, there may be maladjustment behavior, which will affect daily activities. Patients may feel obvious maladjustment tendency or violent impulsive behavior, but in fact this rarely happens. Sometimes patients drink or abuse drugs. Other serious symptoms, such as lack of interest, lack of motivation, lack of pleasure and loss of appetite, are rare. It has been reported that there is a certain relationship between clinical manifestations and age: the elderly may be accompanied by physical symptoms; Adults often see symptoms of depression or anxiety, and conduct disorder (that is, aggressive or hostile social behavior) is common in adolescents; In children, degeneration can be manifested, such as wetting the bed, saying childish things or sucking the thumb.
The clinical manifestations of patients can have dominant symptom groups or mixed symptom groups. The following types can be used for clinical reference (US? Mental illness? Association, 1994):
1. Anxiety disorder? The main symptoms are nervousness, anxiety, palpitation, nervousness and agitation. About anxiety adjustment? Disorder? With what? Anxiety is rarely reported, mainly manifested as nervousness, fear, nervousness and trembling, which may be accompanied by palpitations, suffocation or panting, fidgeting, and feeling a little better after sweating.
2. Depressive mood adjustment disorder? Disorder? With what? Depression? Mood) It is a common adaptation obstacle for adults. Mainly manifested as bad mood, loss of interest in life, self-blame, despair, crying, tears, depression, and even suicidal behavior. But the proportion of depression is relatively light. Often accompanied by sleep disorders, loss of appetite, weight loss.
3. Adjustment of abnormal behavior (adjustment? Disorder? With what? Character? Harassment) is more common in teenagers, mainly manifested as infringement of the rights of others or violence against social norms and rules, and abnormal behavior is manifested as failure to perform legal responsibilities and violation of social morality; Such as: truancy, miners, fighting, fighting, vandalism, being rude to people, driving indiscriminately, stealing, running away from home, having sex prematurely, fighting, and drinking.
4. Adaptation disorder with mixed emotions and conduct? Adaptation disorder (adaptation disorder? With what? Mixed? Interference? Yes? Emotion? And then what? The clinical manifestations include both emotional abnormality and conduct disorder. The diagnosis of such patients should be cautious.
5. Adaptation disorder of mixed emotional expression (adaptation? Disorder? With what? Mixed? Emotional characteristics)? It is characterized by mixed symptoms of depression, anxiety and other emotional abnormalities. From the severity of symptoms, it is lighter than depression and anxiety. For example, some young people show depression, contradiction, anger and obvious dependence after joining the army or leaving their parents at home to study.
6. Untyped adaptation disorder (adaptation? Disorder? Unspecified)? This is an atypical adaptation disorder. Such as social withdrawal without anxiety or depression.
(1) Physical complaint adaptation disorder: Mainly manifested as physical complaint, such as fatigue, headache, back pain, loss of appetite, chronic diarrhea or other physical discomfort. Patients neither seek medical diagnosis nor obey treatment; Physical examination showed no corresponding positive signs, and other examinations were normal.
(2) Work inhibition adaptation obstacle: mainly manifested as sudden incompetence in daily work and study, decreased work efficiency, poor academic performance, and weakened work and study ability. In severe cases, you can't do your daily work, or even study or read materials. Also known as the reduced capacity type.
(3) Withdrawal adaptation disorder: manifested as loneliness, isolation, not participating in social activities, not paying attention to personal hygiene, irregular life, manifested as children wetting the bed, naive language or sucking their thumbs. Patients generally have no anxiety and depression, and have no symptoms of terror.
There are many symptoms of maladjustment. The onset is usually after stress events or life changes 1? Within one month, except for the long-term depressive reaction, stressors and difficult situations, the duration of symptoms generally does not exceed 6? Last month.
9 Etiology of the disease This obstacle is an abnormal state in which individuals cannot adapt to life changes or stress events (such as widowhood, going abroad, emigration, joining the army, retirement, etc.). ), but continue to be in emotional disorder and bad adaptive behavior. Many people can successfully cope with the same stressor without any abnormal reaction, but patients have mental disorders, which shows that personal susceptibility plays an important role in the occurrence of adaptation disorders. Be sure, though, that this would not happen if there were no stressors.
1. Psychosocial factors? Changes in living environment and family, deterioration of interpersonal relationship, frustration in work and study, death of relatives and friends, etc. Some factors also have a specific cycle, such as the date of marriage, graduates' job hunting, and adapting to the new life rules after retirement.
2. Personality factors? For the same stressor, many people can handle it smoothly without any abnormal reaction, but the patients have mental disorder, which shows that personal susceptibility plays an important role in the occurrence of adaptation disorder, but it should be affirmed that there is no adaptation disorder without stressor. In addition, the social adaptability is poor, the coping style is blunt and monotonous, and the individual's physiological condition is relatively weak under pressure, which is also prone to adaptation obstacles.
Pathophysiology 1. Stress source? The stressor leading to adaptation disorder can be one, such as widowhood; It can also be multiple, such as career failure and family casualties. Stress sources may come suddenly, such as natural disasters; It can also be slow, such as disharmony between family members. Some stressors also have specific periods, such as getting married, graduates looking for jobs, and adapting to new life rules after retirement. The severity of stressors can not predict the severity of adaptation disorder, but also depends on the nature, duration, reversibility, situation and individual personality characteristics (Gelder? M, 1996). For example, in the face of obvious major stressors, such as being taken hostage and suffering from bad inhuman treatment, emotional or behavioral disorders are inevitable at this time. There is also the vulnerability of teenagers, who have a deep experience of stressors and are also one of the risk factors. Adaptation disorders can also occur in a group, such as schools, people with natural disasters, etc.
2. Personality and psychological characteristics? Under the same pressure source, some people adapt well, while others do not. Not everyone shows an adaptation disorder. It is reasonable to infer that the psychological characteristics (that is, personality) of patients before illness play an important role. For example, the vulnerability of individuals and the intensity of stressors are not great, which may cause adaptation obstacles. The individual's different vulnerability may be partly related to past life experiences (Gelder? M, 1996). Therefore, whether there is adaptation disorder, we should weigh the stress source strength and personality psychological characteristics at the same time.
1 1 diagnosis: adjustment? Disorder) is a state of subjective pain and emotional disorder, which often hinders social function and occurs in the adaptation period of obvious life changes or stress events (stressors). These changes or events include major changes in personal development (going to school, being a parent for the first time, failing to achieve personal ideal goals, retiring, etc.). ), or events that may affect the integrity of personal social relations (bereavement and parting experience), or events that affect the social support system and value system (events). However, it should be pointed out that personal qualities or susceptibility also play an important role in the risk and even performance of this disease. The symptoms of this disease are varied, including depression, anxiety or trouble. I feel that I can't plan, I can't cope, I can't stick to the status quo, and I have defects in dealing with daily affairs. Often accompanied by emotional and conduct disorders (especially teenagers). The course of disease is at least 1? Month, no longer than 6? Last month.
The diagnosis of adaptation disorder should pay attention to the following relations: the form, content and severity of symptoms; Past medical history and personality characteristics; Stress events, situations or life crises; There is strong evidence that if there is no pressure, there will be no obstacles. However, many mental disorders may be induced by stress, so the existence of stress cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis. If you see a doctor because of normal depression, and the reaction is appropriate in your culture, the duration does not exceed 6? After several months, no adjustment disorder was diagnosed. Diagnosis mainly depends on clinical manifestations:
1. There are obvious stressors as incentives, especially changes in living environment or social status. Emotional and behavioral abnormalities often occur after stressors occur. Show up within a month.
2. The stressor and the patient's personality play the same role, that is, when there is no stressor, the patient has always been mentally normal, while others can successfully handle similar events in the same stress event, indicating that the patient's social adaptability is not strong.
3. Emotional disorder, obvious distress, behavioral maladjustment and physiological dysfunction.
4. Mental disorder hinders social function.
5. After the stressor disappears, the symptoms should not last more than 6? Last month, the long-term depressive reaction did not exceed 2? A few years.
6. Except for the emotional abnormality caused by lovelorn or depression, this is a normal psychological reaction.
7. Symptoms are not enough to diagnose other types of mental disorders. It should be noted that more consideration and analysis should be given when teenagers are diagnosed.
Laboratory examination: At present, there is no specific laboratory examination for this disease. When there are other symptoms such as infection, laboratory tests show positive results of other symptoms.
Other auxiliary tests: There is no specific auxiliary laboratory test for this disease at present. When other symptoms appear, auxiliary laboratory tests show positive results of other symptoms.
12 differential diagnosis 1. Acute stress disorder? Both adaptation disorder and acute stress disorder belong to post-traumatic stress disorder, and it is difficult to explain which is more important from the etiology. The main differentiation lies in clinical manifestations and course of disease; Acute stress disorder is an unusual stress event, which occurs rapidly and its symptoms develop completely within a few minutes to several hours. Characterized by psychomotor excitement or psychomotor inhibition, rather than emotional and behavioral abnormalities. In addition, it may be accompanied by a certain degree of consciousness disorder, which can not be fully recalled. The whole course of the disease is also relieved quickly, usually from a few hours to 1. In a few weeks.
2. Posttraumatic stress disorder? Although this disease and adaptation disorder are not acute, they can be distinguished in clinical symptoms. Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by repeated traumatic experiences, accompanied by illusions or hallucinations. At the same time, there may be symptoms of continuous increased alertness such as sleep disorder, irritability or frightened reaction. There can also be persistent avoidance, trying to avoid memories or participating in painful experiences or memories, and even unwilling to contact people.
3. Severe depression? Adaptation disorder and depression are sometimes difficult to distinguish emotionally, requiring clinical experience, and there is no absolute standard for distinguishing. Generally speaking, the mood of depression is extremely heavy, and negative thoughts and even suicidal attempts and behaviors often appear. The whole clinical stage will change sooner or later. According to the course of the disease, it can recur, and many patients also have manic episodes.
4. Anxiety? Mainly differentiated from generalized anxiety disorder. This disease not only has a long course, but also is often accompanied by obvious symptoms of autonomic nervous system disorder, and sleep disorder is also very prominent. There are often no strong stressors worthy of attention before getting sick.
5. Personality disorder? Personality disorder can not be ignored in the pathogenesis of adaptation disorder. Personality disorder is an important factor in the pathogenesis of adaptation disorder, but it is not a significant manifestation of clinical manifestations. In practice, we can see that stressors can aggravate personality disorder, but personality disorder has been obvious as early as childhood, and stressors are not the leading factors in the formation of personality disorder. The patient has no personality disorder and basically continues into adulthood or even life. It should also be pointed out that when patients with personality disorder have new symptoms and meet the diagnostic criteria of adjustment disorder, the two diagnoses should be juxtaposed at the same time, such as paranoid personality disorder and adjustment disorder of depression.
6. Emotional disorder caused by physical illness? This is a dominant concept, characterized by persistent concern or belief in various physical symptoms. Because of these symptoms, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, patients repeatedly seek medical treatment, and various physical examinations and doctors' explanations can't dispel their doubts. At this time, patients may have anxiety and depression, which should be differentiated from adaptation disorder.
7. neurosis? Manifested as anxiety, depression, compulsion, terror and other symptoms. At the same time, accompanied by obvious autonomic nerve symptoms, sleep disorders are also very prominent, and the course of disease is long, and often no strong stressor can be found.
13 treatment plan 1. Basic points
(1) Psychoenvironmental therapy: This is one of the main treatments for stress-related disorders. We should try our best to remove mental factors or get rid of the environment that causes mental trauma, and transfer or eliminate stressors. Through relieving, explaining, supporting, encouraging and guiding, we can help patients get rid of pain, understand the disease, face the reality, cooperate with treatment and improve their adaptability.
(2) Drug therapy: Drug therapy is not necessarily the first choice for patients with maladjustment, but for patients with obvious emotional abnormalities, antidepressants or benzodiazepines can be used as appropriate according to specific conditions to speed up the relief of symptoms. For those with anxiety and fear, anti-anxiety drugs can be used; For those with prominent depressive symptoms, antidepressants such as imipramine and amitriptyline can be selected; Short-term antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol, can be given to those who have delusions, hallucinations, excitement or impulsive behaviors and threaten the safety of themselves or others. After the symptoms disappear, you can continue to take the medicine for several weeks and then stop taking it. Small dose and short course of treatment are appropriate. At the same time of drug treatment, psychotherapy should be continued, especially for those patients with slow recovery, which is more beneficial.
(3) electroconvulsive therapy: for those who have serious negative suicide attempts or are excited, electroconvulsive therapy can be performed for 2-4 times.
(4) Supporting treatment: For patients who can't take the initiative to eat or eat less, they should pay attention to supplementing nutrition, drinking water or infusion.
2. psychotherapy? When the stressor disappears, but the emotional abnormality still has no obvious improvement, psychological treatment is needed. In addition to talking with patients, psychotherapy should also help them solve stress problems and let them vent their emotions, which has a positive effect on improving social functions. In addition to individual guidance, family therapy is also needed for adolescent behavior problems. Regular psychological consultation is necessary, and encouragement, advice and environmental rearrangement can support treatment.
(1) Crisis intervention: When individuals are impacted by social psychological stress factors, their psychological stability is destroyed, and a psychological crisis occurs, crisis intervention is to solve the imminent crisis psychologically, so that symptoms can be buffered immediately and disappear permanently, psychological function can be restored to the pre-crisis level, and new coping skills can be acquired to prevent new crises from happening in the future.
(2) Cognitive behavioral therapy: After the stressor disappears, cognitive behavioral therapy is needed when the patient's emotional and behavioral abnormalities have not improved significantly. Any emotional and behavioral changes caused by stress are controlled by the thinking process, and bad cognition leads to bad emotions and behaviors. Therefore, cognitive behavioral therapy can achieve the purpose of treatment by correcting patients' thoughts, beliefs and attitudes. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be divided into 3? Steps: ① Find out the misconceptions related to bad behavior; (2) Looking for evidence to prove this cognitive error; ③ Analyze the root of wrong cognition to help patients rebuild their cognition.
(3) Supportive psychotherapy: when the stressor stops, supportive psychotherapy is the most commonly used one, which has a positive effect on adapting to bad behavior and improving social function.
It should be pointed out that people's needs and personality characteristics are the internal conditions for the formation of mental stress. Facing the same external objective world, people will form different inner worlds because of different ways of reflection. For example, some people perceive the world as loving, while others perceive the world as hostile; Some people are outspoken, while others are very shrewd. Some people hesitate to take concrete actions to meet their own needs and have too much self-discipline; Some people do what they say, regardless of the code of conduct. For the cognition of external things and the determination of interests, some people make decisive decisions, while others are full of conflicts in their hearts, resulting in mental stress or anxiety. In the face of failure, some people blame themselves, some people complain about others, some people have ups and downs, and some people are calm. Therefore, we should not only eliminate the influence of stress events as much as possible, but also pay attention to reforming personal values and their stress barriers, which have an important impact on personality characteristics. If individuals have excessive internal needs and desires, they will form inappropriate values on this background, develop personality characteristics that are not suitable for social environment and interpersonal relationships, and thus produce special cognitive, emotional response and behavior patterns, which can be important reasons for stress-related disorders. Therefore, cognitive styles and values can be changed through treatment, which leads to changes in emotional and behavioral responses. Cognitive psychotherapy with the main purpose of changing values has a radical effect on relieving stress and preventing related diseases. The correct way to change values is to make personal values closer to objective reality and better adapt to social life. In a word, perfectionism, generalized thinking mode and values formed on this basis must be corrected through psychotherapy.
(4) Psychotherapy based on Taoist theory:
(1) China's Taoist regimen helps to relieve mental stress. Taoism has its own philosophy of health preservation and coexists with Confucianism for a long time. As a kind of values, Taoist regimen has a good effect on cognitive psychotherapy of stress-related disorders, neurosis and psychosomatic diseases. Professor Yang Desen has sorted out the Taoist regimen, and there are the following 4? Principle:
First, benefit without harm, but not dispute: only benefit others and the world, not harm yourself, others and society. Do not dispute, that is, ask yourself to do your best, do what you can, do not compete with others for profits, do not compare with others, and do not envy virtuous people. This can greatly improve interpersonal relationships and eliminate the phenomenon of "throats".
Second, be less selfish and less desirous, and be content with Zhi Zhi: reduce egoism and excessive desire for power and fame, and set goals for society and individuals that can be achieved through hard work. Don't arrange too many tasks, don't ask too much of others, do something and don't do something, enough is enough, and contentment is always happy.
Third, we must understand harmony and flexibility: there are hundreds of rivers, and water can accommodate everything, seeking common ground while reserving differences and letting a hundred flowers blossom.
Fourth, govern by doing nothing and let nature take its course: master the objective law of the development of things, predict the process and result, guide the situation according to the situation and be happy with it. Don't do the opposite, don't force recklessness, don't encourage others, don't rush for success, prepare for the worst in the face of crisis and seek a good ending.
(2) Taoist cognitive psychotherapy for health preservation, including A, B, C, D and E? 5? Treatment procedure:
A. Explore stressors. Patients state their life experiences, life events or mental trauma, mental pain and physical discomfort when seeking medical treatment.
B. Evaluate patients' values through the Values Scale, that is, the evaluation of life, reputation, rights, status, wealth, love, health and personal pursuit.
C. Evaluate the methods and successful experiences frequently used by patients to cope with life events, especially the lessons of failure, such as extreme thinking and behavior.
D. introduce several basic principles of Taoist health preservation, so that patients can compare their own a? Type a personality and behavior, coping style of failure, reflection and orientation.
E. Pass 1? After 6 months to 6 months of treatment, the curative effect was evaluated objectively.
In a word, through collective propaganda and personal heart-to-heart, * * is looking for a way out of psychological crisis in view of patients' life events, psychological conflicts, personality characteristics and failure coping methods. In cognitive therapy, we should list failed cognitive styles, find new cognitive styles, accept the values of Taoist life and health care, practice repeatedly, and constantly solve life events encountered in life, so as to re-adapt to life, return to society and promote mental health.
14 prognosis and prevention of prognosis: as long as proper treatment is given, clinical practice shows that the prognosis is good. It usually takes several months for the stressor to disappear, and the longest is no more than 6? It will return to normal in a month. It is reported that the course of disease of teenagers is slightly longer than that of adult patients, and some people commit suicide. We should also pay attention to whether these teenagers have substance abuse or dependence when they come to see a doctor. For those patients who have not recovered for several years, it is necessary to consider whether the stressor has not been completely eliminated, and carefully contact and observe whether there are other mental disorders that have not been discovered.
Prevention: Physical disease-free, psychological disease-free and social adaptability are recognized as the three elements of "comprehensive health" at home and abroad. Mental health and social adaptability are important signs of people's intellectual development and brain function health, and are the basis of establishing outlook on life and world and cultivating good psychological quality. "Social adaptation" refers to the ability to coordinate interpersonal relationships, cope with various interpersonal relationships in criss-crossing human groups, and handle and adapt to family, school and social life. Taking students' social adaptation obstacles as an example, the preventive countermeasures are as follows:
1. persuasion education law? The formation of psychological quality is based on moral understanding. Therefore, in order to mold positive psychological quality, it is necessary to improve the level of moral understanding, judgment and evaluation as a breakthrough. For example, students generally have poor awareness of learning, one of which is that the purpose of learning is unknown. No matter at school or at home, whenever it comes to studying and doing homework, there will be an inertia in mind, and there will be behaviors such as being afraid of studying, not wanting to do homework, and being easily attracted by other things in action. Therefore, according to the psychological state and characteristics of different types of students, persuasion education should be properly used to educate students to form a correct understanding, overcome mistakes or vague understanding in their minds, and achieve the purpose of strengthening purposeful education in learning.
2. situational edification? Harmonious and democratic teaching situation is an important means to cultivate the healthy psychological quality of the educated. In educational and teaching activities, we should create a harmonious and democratic educational situation in a planned way. Such as creating a tense, serious and lively situation; Happy, successful, knowledgeable, diligent and democratic teaching atmosphere; Respect, expectation, encouragement, strict requirements and so on in individual conversations. Therefore, in a harmonious teaching situation, the educated can express their thoughts and feelings to the maximum extent, overcome unnecessary psychological pressure such as timidity, worry, fear of making mistakes and being criticized, enhance their self-confidence and cultivate their psychological courage to solve problems independently.
3. Situational infection method? Emotion and emotion are always infected with each other. In a specific school environment, emotional communication often occurs between teachers and educatees, which is influenced by emotional infection intentionally or unintentionally. Teachers try their best to infect educational objects with their healthy, cheerful and vivid emotions, words and deeds, so that they can have a strong and positive inner experience. For example, a praise; A successful personal conversation; Activities with clear themes, etc. , will make the educated have a pleasant emotional experience and produce an emotional buzz. The education method of "moving with emotion" not only helps to cultivate positive attitudes such as hobbies and curiosity, but also helps to shorten the psychological distance between them, so that they can maintain a stable and lasting mood and be attentive, positive, active and serious.
4. Can you exercise? The cultivation of various psychological qualities is the result of consciously participating in social practice. It is also tempered in the struggle with difficulties. Therefore, it is extremely important to temper the quality of will. First, we should cultivate confidence and courage to overcome difficulties, persevere in the face of difficulties, self-control and self-discipline. Second, take part in collective activities, strengthen the collective concept, obey the collective will, gradually develop the will quality of self-control, firmness, fortitude and decisiveness in the activities, correct the bad quality of hesitation, blindness, stubbornness and stubbornness, and improve the level of will.
5. Psychological education law? This is the basic form of improving psychological quality, and its ultimate goal is to protect and promote people's physical and mental health. The content should not only popularize mental health knowledge, but also correct the cognitive structure of psychological confusion. It is necessary to understand the mastery, requirements and problems of mental health care knowledge through discussion, analyze the psychological obstacles and deviations of the subjects through investigation and testing, and then talk about knowledge and health care. * * * Discuss psychological problems through analysis, and carry out mental health and self-cultivation education in combination with reality.
6. Psychological counseling? This is to help interviewees overcome the psychological obstacles they may encounter in their life, make them adapt to social life, deal with interpersonal relationships and successfully complete the transformation of social roles. The key to achieving good results in psychological counseling lies in giving trust, understanding and empathy (that is, putting yourself in others' shoes). It also needs to be emotional and follow the principles of listening (letting the interviewee vent), keeping secret (keeping some in-depth content absolutely confidential) and guiding (giving face-to-face guidance to the special questions raised by them). Mutual trust is the basis of successful negotiation. The consultation process is a process of emotional and psychological communication between the two sides. Only in this way can we eliminate mental stress and achieve the effect of psychological reform.
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15 epidemiology: this disease is considered to be very common abroad, especially in consultation and liaison psychiatry, but there is no accurate statistical data. Iowa, USA? A report, income in a mental hospital? Among the patients, 5% responded with adjustment? Reaction) as a job diagnosis (job? Some scholars think that adaptation disorder is a temporary diagnosis.
It can occur at any age, but it is more common in adults. There is no significant difference between male and female patients; It is also reported that women are more common among adults, and the ratio of male to female is about 2: 1 (Gelder? m， 1996).
The point for treating maladjustment is near Guangshu point, and the joint cavity is narrow and fissure-like, surrounded by strong ligaments to adapt to the load. Hierarchical anatomy: skin → subcutaneous tissue → gluteus maximus → sacral tubercle. ...
The bladder is relaxed, the joint cavity is narrow and cracked, and there are strong ligaments around it to adapt to the load. Hierarchical anatomy: skin → subcutaneous tissue → gluteus maximus → sacral tubercle. ...
Eye pivot, especially its advanced part. Other phenomena related to vision: dark adaptation and light adaptation: people enter the dark room from the light, and at first they can't see anything clearly. ...
Uterus, diarrhea, modern multi-purpose cavitation treatment of nephritis, bladder paralysis, sexual dysfunction, uterine prolapse, colic, urinary tract infection, nocturnal emission, impotence, pain. ...
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