What should be paid attention to in the safety, anti-virus and hygiene of hygienic chemistry laboratory

1. Fire safety in the laboratory. The laboratory must store a certain amount of fire fighting equipment. Fire fighting equipment must be placed in an obvious and easy-to-get position and managed by a designated person. All personnel should take good care of the fire fighting equipment, and regularly check and replace it as required. 2. All inflammable and explosive articles (such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen). ) stored in the laboratory must keep a certain distance from the fire source and power supply, and shall not be piled up at will. Fireworks are strictly prohibited in laboratories that use and store flammable and explosive materials. 3. Do not connect and pull wires randomly, do not overload electricity, do not expose wire ends in the laboratory, and do not use metal wires instead of fuses; Articles shall not be stacked in the power switch box. 4. Electrical equipment, lines, plugs and sockets should be checked regularly and kept in good condition. If sparks, short circuit, fever, insulation damage and aging are found, the electrician must be informed to repair. Electric heaters, electric ovens and other equipment should be powered off by people. 5. When using an electric soldering iron, it should be placed on a non-combustible and heat-insulating bracket, and flammable materials should not be piled up around it. Unplug the power plug immediately after use. Land. Combustible gas cylinders and combustion-supporting gas cylinders shall not be mixed, and all kinds of cylinders shall not be close to heat sources and open flames. Take sun protection measures, prohibit collision and knocking, keep paint marks intact, and use the bottle exclusively. The flammable gas cylinders used should generally be placed in a cool and ventilated place outdoors and piped into the room. Hydrogen, oxygen and acetylene should not be mixed in one place, and keep a distance of more than 10m from the fire source used. All cylinders must be fixed with fixing devices to prevent paint from dumping. Without approval and filing, the laboratory shall not use high-power electrical equipment to avoid exceeding the power load. All right. It is forbidden to pile up items in the building corridor to ensure smooth fire control. Two. Safety of laboratory chemicals. Chemicals used in various laboratories at all levels must be purchased by the school in a unified way, and no laboratory or individual may purchase them without permission. The purchase of highly toxic and precursor drugs requires the permission of the public security department. 2. Chemicals should be stored in different categories, and interacting drugs should not be mixed and stored in isolation. All medicines must be clearly labeled, and storage rooms and cabinets must be kept clean and tidy. Drugs with special properties must be stored according to their characteristics. Unknown substances and expired drugs should be cleaned up and destroyed in time. Toxic drugs shall not be stored in the laboratory. 3. Containers of hazardous chemicals should be clearly marked or labeled. Hazardous chemicals that are flammable, explosive or produce toxic gases when exposed to fire and moisture shall not be stored in open air, damp, rain-leaking and low-lying places where water is easy to accumulate; Dangerous chemicals that are easy to burn, explode or produce toxic gases in the sun should be stored in a cool and ventilated place. Eye-catching safety signs should be set up in hazardous chemicals storage areas. 4. Toxic substances must be stored in the school's special drama drug warehouse, which must meet the relevant safety requirements and be properly kept by "two people and two locks". The use of toxic substances must be approved by the school security department, and the minimum quantity should be collected according to the use situation, so as to achieve "double-person" collection and "double-person" use. At the same time, in strict accordance with the management regulations, make use of registration and consumption records, and properly keep the "double lock". 5. Personnel engaged in the experiment of dangerous chemicals shall receive corresponding safety technical training, be familiar with the nature of the drugs used and master the operation methods of the corresponding drugs. In particular, it is forbidden to use inflammable, explosive, highly toxic, pathogenic, stress and other dangerous chemicals for experiments, and there must be relevant operating procedures, which are strictly implemented in accordance with the corresponding regulations of the state and industry. Land. The waste liquid produced in the laboratory shall not be discarded at will, and shall not be discharged into the ground, underground pipelines and any water source at will to prevent environmental pollution. Appropriate measures should be taken to "harmlessly" treat experimental waste liquid and waste. Laboratories that really cannot be treated shall not be discharged or treated without authorization. The laboratory should use special containers for classified storage to prevent leakage and loss from causing secondary pollution. Lacquerware. All kinds of waste liquid and waste collected by the laboratory will be transported to the waste recycling warehouse under the laboratory equipment management office, and the equipment management office of the installation room will contact the department with treatment qualification designated and recognized by the Environmental Protection Bureau for unified disposal. Biosafety in the laboratory. Laboratory biological safety involves the safety of human living environment. The state attaches great importance to the management of biological safety, and all relevant laboratories must also attach great importance to it. They must effectively monitor and prevent biological pollution in the laboratory, conduct regular inspection and self-examination, and report and deal with potential safety hazards in time. 2. The laboratory shall regularly train the staff to ensure that they master the laboratory technical specifications, operating procedures, biological safety protection knowledge and practical operation skills, and conduct assessment. Employees can only take up their posts if they pass the exam. Those who have not studied and trained shall not engage in related work. 3 laboratory safety management personnel shall, according to the specific circumstances of the laboratory, formulate laboratory biosafety operation procedures, and educate and train students who enter the laboratory for biosafety experiments. 4. Without the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture or the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, it is not allowed to collect, transport, receive and preserve the sick materials of major animal diseases without authorization, and it is not allowed to transfer or give away the sick materials that have been preliminarily identified as major animal diseases or have been diagnosed as major animal diseases, and it is not allowed to send samples of sick materials abroad or carry them out of the country without permission. 5 biological laboratory waste (including animal residues, etc.). ) should be collected in special containers for high temperature and high pressure sterilization and post-treatment. Disposable gloves and articles contaminated by EB carcinogens in biological experiments should be collected and disposed of in a unified way, and should not be discarded in ordinary garbage bins. Biosafety management of pathogenic microorganism laboratory. According to the infectivity of pathogenic microorganisms and the degree of harm to individuals or groups after infection, the state divides pathogenic microorganisms into four categories: the first category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases of human beings or animals, and microorganisms that have not been discovered or announced to be eliminated in China. The second category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that can cause serious diseases of human beings or animals and are relatively easy to spread directly or indirectly between people, animals and people, and animals and animals. The third category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that can cause human or animal diseases, but generally do not cause serious harm to people, animals or the environment, with limited transmission risk, rarely cause serious diseases after laboratory infection, and have effective treatment and preventive measures. The fourth category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that will not cause human or animal diseases under normal circumstances. Class I and Class II pathogenic microorganisms are collectively referred to as highly pathogenic microorganisms. Lacquerware. According to the biosafety level of pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory, and according to the national laboratory biosafety standards, the state divides pathogenic microorganism laboratories into grade I, II, III and IV. The first-class and second-class laboratories shall not engage in experimental activities of highly pathogenic microorganisms. New construction, reconstruction and expansion shall be reported to the relevant state departments for approval, and the laboratory grade shall be assessed and determined by the relevant departments, and the corresponding qualification certificates shall be obtained. All right. The laboratory shall establish experimental files of pathogenic microorganisms to record the use and safety supervision of pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory. The storage period of experimental files of laboratories engaged in experimental activities related to highly pathogenic microorganisms shall not be less than 20 years. The experimental archives established and kept by the laboratory shall truthfully record the experimental activities, facilities and equipment related to the safety of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the harmless treatment, centralized disposal and inspection of hazardous wastes generated by experimental activities. 9. The places and equipment engaged in the experimental operation of pathogenic microorganisms must be adapted to the biosafety level of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the leakage of pathogenic microorganisms. Laboratories engaged in biological experiments shall strictly abide by the relevant national standards, laboratory technical specifications and operating procedures. 10. Before starting the related work, we should make a risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms and related operations, formulate comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures and procedure documents according to the national risk classification and protection requirements for various microbial operations and the results of risk assessment, and design feasible protective measures for key dangerous steps and understand these details. 1 1. Samples of pathogenic microorganisms required by the laboratory shall not be collected at will or purchased privately. The collection of samples must be approved by relevant departments, and must be carried out by personnel with relevant professional knowledge and operation skills, and corresponding protective measures should be taken to record the source, collection process and method of samples in detail; If you need to buy, you must declare it to the school, and the school will contact the dealers with relevant qualifications to purchase it uniformly. 12. The laboratory shall strictly preserve and keep all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms, keep the records of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses) and samples in and out of the warehouse, establish the filing system, and designate special personnel to be responsible? Bacteria (viruses) and samples of highly pathogenic microorganisms shall not be stored in the laboratory at will. Highly pathogenic microorganism (virus) species and samples approved by the higher administrative department shall be stored separately in special warehouses or counters. 13. In case of the leakage of pathogenic microorganisms in the laboratory, the laboratory staff should immediately take control measures to prevent the further spread of pathogenic microorganisms, conduct medical observation or isolation treatment on the relevant personnel, close the laboratory, and report to the school and the higher authorities? Biosafety management of laboratory animals. Our school implements the national license system for experimental animals, monitors the quality of experimental animals and implements national standards; If the state has not yet formulated standards, the industry standards shall be implemented; Where the state and industry formulate standards, local standards shall be implemented. 5. Experimental animals are divided into four levels: level one, ordinary animals; Second, clean animals; Class III, animals without specific pathogens; Grade 4, infertile animals. Different grades of experimental animals should be managed according to the corresponding microbial control standards. 1. When using experimental animals for experiments, it is necessary to apply to the administrative department at the next higher level for the certificate of experimental animals, and the experiments can only be carried out after approval. A laboratory that has not obtained a license for experimental animals shall not engage in activities related to experimental animals. Laboratories and individuals engaged in the work of experimental animals are not allowed to buy experimental animals at will, but should buy experimental animals from suppliers with production licenses for experimental animals and ask for certificates. First, the environmental facilities for animal experiments should meet the grade standards of corresponding experimental animals, and qualified supplies such as feed, cages and padding should be used; Experiments with special requirements such as radioactivity and infectivity shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations. 19. Animal experiments should use experimental animals of corresponding grades and standards, as well as feeds, articles and utensils according to the experimental purpose. Animal experiments of different varieties, grades and mutual interference shall not be conducted in the same laboratory. 20. Using laboratory experimental animals for experimental work, qualified experimental animals shall be used to carry out corresponding experiments within the scope permitted by the use permit. 2 1. If an experimental animal dies of illness, it shall find out the cause in time, handle it properly and make records. Do a good job in epidemic prevention and immunization of experimental animals to prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases. 22 laboratories engaged in experimental animal work must have standard operating procedures; The feed, bedding, drinking water and related facilities of experimental animals used must meet the national standards. 23. Personnel engaged in the work of experimental animals shall receive professional training, pass the examination by the provincial administrative department of science and technology, obtain post certificates and hold relevant certificates. Personnel who have not been trained and have not obtained the post certificate shall not engage in the work of experimental animals. 24 units engaged in the work of experimental animals shall take preventive protection and health care measures for their staff, organize a health examination at least once a year, and make timely adjustments to those who are not suitable for the work of experimental animals. In the use of experimental animals, when infectious diseases are prevalent, strict disinfection, insecticidal and rodent control measures should be taken in the environment inside and outside the feeding room and laboratory? At the same time, seal off and isolate the whole area? Disinfection, deinsectization and deratization shall be carried out when the isolation is lifted? When a serious infectious disease occurs in an experimental animal, it should be reported to the school and the superior immediately, and corresponding measures should be taken immediately according to the specific situation? (2) Laboratories and individuals engaged in the work of experimental animals shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, conduct harmless treatment of unused experimental animal carcasses and hazardous wastes, waste water and waste gas generated in the course of experiments, and abide by the provisions on environmental protection. Radiation safety in the laboratory. All source-related units must apply to the higher authorities for permission and environmental assessment before carrying out relevant work, and can only carry out relevant work after passing the environmental assessment and obtaining permission. 2. Personnel engaged in radiation work must abide by radiation protection laws and regulations, accept occupational health monitoring and personal dose monitoring management, master radiation protection knowledge and relevant laws and regulations, accept radiation safety training organized by qualified units, and take up their posts only after passing the examination. At the same time, radiation workers must hold training certificates, personal measurement data and health examination results to participate in regular review by higher health authorities. Three. Radiation workplaces must be equipped with anti-theft, fire prevention and leakage prevention facilities to ensure the safe use of radioisotopes and radiation devices. Radiation warning signs and working signals must be placed at the entrance of isotope packaging containers, equipment containing radioactive isotopes, radiation devices and radiation workplaces. Four. All source units should be equipped with necessary protective equipment and monitoring instruments, establish and improve the safety inspection system, regularly conduct safety inspections on radioisotopes, radiation devices and radiation workplaces used in laboratories, and make records. Relevant laboratories should regularly check the pollution status of the radiation surface and make records. Test records should be properly kept, and accept the inspection and supervision of the school laboratory safety management department and the superior department. 5. When purchasing radioactive sources, isotope reagents and radiation devices, you should first apply to the school, and after being audited and reported to the security department for the record, you can apply to the competent environmental department of the government for a "quasi-purchase certificate" and entrust the procurement department to purchase. Land. All source-related units shall establish and improve the registration system for the storage, requisition and consumption of radioactive isotopes to ensure the consistency of accounts and materials. The experimental process must be carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures and safety protection should be done. Lacquerware. Radioactive wastes (including isotope packaging containers) produced by isotope experiments shall not be treated as ordinary garbage without authorization. It must be reported to the school, and with the consent of the school, the school will ask a qualified company or unit for unified disposal. Five, the safety of large instruments and equipment. Each large-scale instrument and equipment must be managed by a special person, and each large-scale instrument and equipment is equipped with a record of the use of large-scale precision instruments and equipment, and the use situation should be truthfully recorded. 2. According to the performance requirements of large-scale instruments and equipment, provide places for the installation and use of instruments and equipment, provide water and electricity supply, and implement technical measures such as fire prevention, moisture prevention, heat prevention, frost prevention, dust prevention, earthquake prevention, antimagnetic, corrosion prevention and radiation protection according to the different conditions of instruments and equipment. 3. The safety operation procedures of large-scale instruments and equipment must be formulated, and the personnel using large-scale instruments and equipment must be trained and qualified before operation. 4. Pay attention to the grounding of instruments and equipment, electromagnetic radiation, China network and other safety matters to avoid accidents. The experimental technology of intransitive verbs is safe. Laboratory staff and students should receive laboratory safety education in advance before conducting experimental operations. When conducting safety education, they should warn of the consequences of not following the operating procedures. Laboratory staff and students should carry out experimental operations in strict accordance with instruments and equipment and experimental operation procedures. 2. For laboratories that carry out experiments such as pressure vessels, high pressure, driving, inflammable, explosive and highly toxic, detailed rules for the safety work of this laboratory shall be formulated according to the relevant provisions of the state and schools. Personnel engaged in the above experiments must undergo safety technical training and can operate independently only after passing the examination. 3. Laboratories should do a good job in labor protection. In view of high temperature, low temperature, radiation, germs, noise, toxicity, laser, dust, ultra-clean and other harmful environments, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the supervision and labor protection of the laboratory environment. Seven. China Network Security Laboratory 1. Laboratories should pay attention to the network and information security work in China. For the specific details of network security in China, refer to the Regulations on Network Security Management in China, Northeast Forestry University. 2. The analysis and test data of confidential scientific research projects or experimental technology projects, drawings of large-scale precision instruments and equipment and other data and data must be stored according to the confidentiality level, managed by designated personnel, and it is strictly forbidden to disclose. Eight, laboratory safety accidents should be handled in China. In the event of a safety accident in each laboratory, it is necessary to keep calm, determine the accident type, call the corresponding alarm China in time, and immediately report to the school security office and the laboratory equipment management office. 1. Precautions for China measures: When calling for help, you should explain: ① the location of the accident; ② The nature and severity of the accident; (3) Your name, location and contact information of China. 2. Once the China accident happens, it should be handled in the following priority order: ① Protect personal safety, that is, the safety of yourself and others; (2) Protecting public property; ③ Preserve academic materials. 3. Important figures of China: ① Fire China:119; ② China and Fei Jing:110; ③ Medical aid in China: 120.