Interpretation of 66 Articles in China Citizen's Health Literacy

1. Health is not only the absence of disease or weakness, but also a state of good physical, psychological and social adaptation. This definition contained in the Charter of the World Health Organization (WHO) reminds people that health is not only the absence of disease and infirmity, but also involves physical, psychological and social adaptation. Physical health is characterized by strong physique and good function of human organs. Mental health refers to being able to evaluate yourself correctly, cope with the pressure in life, work normally and make your own contribution to society. The intact state of social adaptation refers to maintaining the balance and coordination between individuals and the environment, society and interpersonal communication through self-regulation. Everyone has the responsibility to maintain the health of themselves and others, and a healthy lifestyle can maintain and promote their own health. Everyone has the right to get their own health, and also has the responsibility not to damage and/or maintain their own and others' health. Everyone can get health and improve the quality of life by adopting and adhering to a healthy lifestyle. Prevention first, the sooner the better. Choosing a healthy lifestyle is the best investment in life. Improving the health level of every citizen requires the joint efforts of all members of the state and society to create a supportive environment conducive to health. 3. A healthy lifestyle mainly includes four aspects: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance. A healthy lifestyle refers to habitual behaviors that are beneficial to health. Mainly manifested in the law of life, no bad habits, personal hygiene, environmental hygiene, food hygiene, science, not superstition, usually pay attention to health care, get medical treatment in time when you are sick, and actively participate in healthy and beneficial cultural and sports activities and social activities. A reasonable diet refers to a diet that can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition. A variety of foods can meet various nutritional needs of the human body, achieve reasonable nutrition and promote health. The Dietary Guide for China Residents issued by the Ministry of Health provides authoritative guidance for reasonable diet. Proper exercise means that the way and amount of exercise are suitable for the individual's physical condition, and exercise is beneficial, and persistence is the most important. Exercise moderately, and choose the exercise mode, intensity and amount that suits you. Healthy people can control the intensity of exercise according to their heart rate during exercise, which should generally reach 150 ~ 170 (times) per minute minus their age, and exercise at least three times a week. People who quit smoking, no matter how long they smoke, should quit smoking. The sooner you quit smoking, the better. Quitting smoking at any time is good for health and can improve the quality of life. Excessive drinking will increase the risk of some diseases and lead to an increase in traffic accidents and violent incidents. It is recommended that adult men drink no more than 25 grams per day and women drink no more than 15 grams per day. Psychological balance refers to a good psychological state, that is, a good state in which you can properly evaluate yourself, cope with the pressure in daily life, work and study efficiently, and make contributions to your family and society. An optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life, setting goals within one's ability, establishing good interpersonal relationships and actively participating in social activities will all help individuals maintain their own psychological balance. 4. combine work and rest, and ensure 7 ~ 8 hours of sleep every day. Any life activity has its own inherent rhythm. A regular life is very important for health. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest and have a proper life. Work, study, entertainment, rest and sleep should be carried out according to the rules of work and rest. The average adult should ensure 7-8 hours of sleep every day, and insufficient sleep time is not conducive to health. Smoking and passive smoking can lead to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and other diseases. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 kinds of chemicals, including dozens of carcinogens and harmful substances such as carbon monoxide. Smoking will damage almost all organs of the body and lead to many diseases, such as cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cataract, erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis. Compared with non-smokers, the death risk of lung cancer, coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased by 6 ~ 13 times, 2 times and 12 ~ 13 times respectively. Tobacco smoke not only harms the health of smokers, but also threatens non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by about 20% and coronary heart disease by about 30%. According to statistics, the number of people who die of smoking-related diseases in China exceeds 654.38+0 million each year, accounting for 654.38+0.2% of the total number of deaths. Many chronic diseases caused by smoking have brought a heavy burden to the whole society. 6. The sooner you quit smoking, the better. It's never too late to quit smoking. The sooner smokers give up smoking, the better. It's never too late to quit smoking. As long as they have the motivation to quit smoking and master certain skills, they can completely quit smoking. Quitting smoking before the age of 35 can reduce the probability of heart disease caused by smoking by 90%. Quitting smoking before the age of 59, the probability of death within 15 is only half that of continuous smokers. Even if you quit smoking over the age of 60, your lung cancer mortality rate is still much lower than that of continuing smokers. 7. Health food cannot replace medicine. Health food refers to food that has specific health care function, is suitable for specific people to eat, has the function of regulating the body, and is not aimed at treating diseases. The health administrative department shall issue a health food approval certificate to the health food that has passed the examination, and the food that has obtained the health food approval certificate is allowed to use the health food mark. Health food labels and instructions must meet the relevant national standards and requirements. 8. Environment and health are closely related. Protect the environment and promote health. Many human diseases are closely related to environmental pollution. Uncontrolled resource consumption and environmental pollution are the fundamental causes of environmental deterioration. Everyone has the responsibility to care for environmental sanitation and protect the environment from pollution. We must abide by the laws and regulations of environmental protection, abide by the social morality of hygiene, consciously form the good habit of saving resources and not polluting the environment, and strive to create a clean, comfortable, quiet and beautiful environment to protect and promote human health. 9. Donate blood to help others and advocate voluntary blood donation. Donating blood to save lives is a manifestation of human civilization. Blood donation is for national interests, personal interests and family interests. Proper blood donation is safe and harmless. For healthy adults, the amount of blood collected each time is generally 200 ~ 400 ml, and the interval between two blood collections is not less than 6 months. The Blood Donation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "the state encourages healthy citizens aged 18 to 55 to donate blood voluntarily" and "the blood donors hold the certificate of blood donation without compensation made by the health administrative department of the State Council, and the relevant units can give appropriate subsidies." Blood stations are institutions that collect and provide blood for clinical use, and must donate blood to blood stations approved by the state. 10. Normal blood pressure in adults is systolic blood pressure below140mmhg and diastolic blood pressure below 90mmhg; Axillary temperature is 36℃ ~ 37℃; Calm breathing 16 ~ 20 times/min; Pulse rate is 60 ~ 100 beats/min. Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China (revised in 2005) put forward that the diagnostic criteria of hypertension are systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mm Hg. When the systolic blood pressure reaches120 ~139mmhg or the diastolic blood pressure reaches 80 ~ 89mmhg, it is called normal hypertension, and doctors should be consulted. Emotional excitement, nervousness, exercise and many other factors all affect blood pressure, so the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension must be carried out by doctors. The normal axillary temperature of adults is 36℃ ~ 37℃, slightly lower in the morning and slightly higher in the afternoon, and the fluctuation within 24 hours does not exceed 65438 0℃; The body temperature of the elderly is slightly lower, and that of women before menstruation or during pregnancy is slightly higher; The body temperature is slightly higher after exercise or eating. A temperature higher than the normal range is called fever, which can be seen in infection, trauma, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular accident and various intra-body cavity bleeding. Hypothermia is called hypothermia when the body temperature is below the normal range, which can be seen in shock, severe malnutrition, hypothyroidism and long-term exposure to low temperature. In normal adults' quiet state, the respiratory rate is 16 ~ 20 beats/min, which gradually slows down with age. Breathing frequency more than 24 times/minute is called shortness of breath, which is seen in fever, pain, anemia, hyperthyroidism and heart failure. The respiratory rate below 12 beats/min is called bradycardia, which is found in intracranial hypertension and anesthetic overdose. The normal pulse rate of adults is 60 ~ 100 beats/min, which is slightly faster in women. Children average 90 beats/min, and infants can reach 130 beats/min; Older people are slower, 55 ~ 60 times/minute. Pulse rate is influenced by age, sex, exercise and mood.